Vegetarianism ku Asia: Chitsogozo Chokwanira ku China, Korea, Malaysia & Japan

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 28, 2022

Asia imadziwika chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, malo okongola komanso zakudya zokoma. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti ndi kwawonso kwa anthu okonda zamasamba odzipereka kwambiri padziko lapansi?

Mchitidwe wosadya zamasamba wakhala ukufala ku Asia kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Zolemba zakale za ku India monga “Vedas” ndi “Upanishads” zimatchula za kachitidwe kakusadya zamasamba, ndipo “Manusmriti” (200 BCE) inaletsa kudya nyama.

Mu bukhu ili, ndikutengerani mbiri ya zamasamba ku Asia, ndikuwona zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri.

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Chisinthiko cha Vegetarianism ku Asia

• Kudya zamasamba ku China kumawonedwa ngati chizolowezi chakale chokhala ndi zolembedwa zakale za mzera wa Zhou (1046-256 BCE).
• Lingaliro la kusadya nyama linali logwirizana kwambiri ndi miyambo yachipembedzo ndi yafilosofi monga Chibuda ndi Chikonfusimu.
• Liwu la zamasamba mu Chitchaina ndi "sùshí" (素食) lomwe limatanthauza "chakudya chamba" kapena "chakudya chopanda nyama".
• Masiku ano, chizolowezi chotengera zakudya zamasamba chikupitilira kukula ku China, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu yomwe anthu amasamala za thanzi.
• Zakudya zamasamba ku China nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi masamba ndi mbewu zambiri, ndipo nsomba zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zamasamba.
• Zakudya zina zamasamba zotchuka ku China ndi monga “Chisangalalo cha Buddha” (chakudya chotchedwa amonke Achibuda amene akuyenera kuti anachipanga), “Mapo Tofu” (chakudya cha tofu chokometsera), ndi “Msuzi Wotentha ndi Wowawasa”.

Kukula kwa Zamasamba M'maiko Ena aku Asia

• Kudya zamasamba m'maiko ena aku Asia monga Malaysia, Vietnam, ndi South Korea kumasiyana ndi ku China ndi Japan potengera mitundu ya mbale ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa.
• Mwachitsanzo, ku Malaysia, zakudya zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nyama zoseketsa zopangidwa ndi soya kapena mapuloteni a tirigu.
• Ku Vietnam, zamasamba zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko la "com chay" (mpunga wamasamba) womwe umaphatikizapo masamba ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
• Ku South Korea, kudya zamasamba ndi njira yatsopano yomwe idayamba m'zaka za zana la 20, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi masukulu a Chibuda omwe amagogomezera kufunikira kwa kusavulaza nyama.
• M’maiko onsewa, mchitidwe wosadya zamasamba umagwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la chifundo kwa nyama ndi chilengedwe, komanso chikhumbo cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu.

Kukula kwa Veganism ku Asia

• Veganism, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusadya nyama zilizonse kuphatikizapo mkaka ndi mazira, ndizochitika zatsopano ku Asia.
• Mawu akuti vegan mu Chitchaina ndi "zhīròu" (植肉) kutanthauza "nyama yomera".
• M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kuzindikira kwakukulu za ubwino wathanzi la zakudya zamagulu, komanso nkhawa zokhudzana ndi ulimi wa zinyama.
• Anthu ena okhudzidwa ndi kufalikira kwa zamasamba ku Asia akuphatikizapo Thich Nhat Hanh, mmonke wachi Buddha wa ku Vietnam yemwe watsutsa kufunikira kwa chifundo kwa nyama, ndi malo odyera atsopano omwe atsegulidwa m'mizinda kudutsa kontinenti yonse.
• Ngakhale kuti nyamayi idakali yocheperako m'maiko ambiri aku Asia, ikupitilizabe kutchuka pomwe anthu akudziwa bwino za phindu lazakudya zochokera ku mbewu.

Vegetarianism ku China: Kusintha kwa Chikhalidwe ndi Chakudya

• Dziko la China ndilomwe likukula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi logula ndi kupanga nyama, koma pali chizoloŵezi chofuna kudya zamasamba ndi nyama m'dzikoli.
• Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu pafupifupi 50 miliyoni ku China amatsatira zakudya zamasamba kapena zamasamba.
• Boma la China latulutsa zidziwitso zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti achepetse kudya nyama, ponena za phindu lomwe lingakhalepo pa chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.
• Kumvetsetsa kowonjezereka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa kudya nyama ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thupi kwachititsa anthu ambiri kusankha kudula nyama kuchokera ku zakudya zawo.
• Vegetarianism ikukhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata a ku China, omwe ali omasuka ku malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zopangira chakudya.

South Korea: Malo Odyera Zamasamba?

Ngakhale ndi dziko lokonda nyama, South Korea yawona kuchuluka kwa malo odyera zamasamba komanso zakudya. Mizinda ikuluikulu monga Seoul ndi Busan ili ndi malo ambiri odyera zamasamba ndi vegan, ndipo ambiri amapereka m'malo mwa nyama ya soya. Zakudya zina zodziwika zamasamba ku South Korea ndi bibimbap (mbale ya mpunga wothira ndi masamba), japchae (zakudya zagalasi zokazinga ndi masamba), ndi kimchi (masamba ofufumitsa).

Maganizo a Boma pa Zamasamba

Boma la dziko la South Korea lalengeza kuti likulingalira zoletsa kudya nyama ya agalu, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu okonda kudya zamasamba komanso umunthu m’dzikolo. Komabe, boma silinanene chilichonse mwalamulo kapena kuchitapo kanthu pa izi.

Kuwona Zamasamba Zamasamba zaku Malaysia

Malaysia ndi dziko lomwe lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, lomwe limadziwika ndi zikhalidwe zake zosiyanasiyana, malo okongola komanso zakudya zokoma. M’dzikoli muli mitundu yambirimbiri ya anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo Malay, China, ndi Amwenye ndiwo ali magulu akuluakulu. Kusiyanasiyana kwazikhalidwe kumeneku kumawonekera m'zakudya za ku Malaysia, zomwe zimaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso masitayilo ophikira.

Chikoka cha Chimalaya pa Zakudya zaku Malaysia

Anthu a ku Malay ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri ku Malaysia, ndipo zakudya zawo ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za dzikolo. Zakudya za ku Malaysia zimadziwika ndi zokometsera zambiri komanso zokometsera, ndipo zimakhala ndi nyama ndi nsomba. Komabe, palinso zambiri zamasamba zomwe zilipo, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a masamba curries ndi whisk-fries.

Vegetarianism ku Malaysia

Zamasamba si lingaliro latsopano ku Malaysia, ndipo pali malo ambiri odyera zamasamba ndi malo ogulitsa zakudya m'dziko lonselo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusakonda zamasamba sikufalikira ku Malaysia monga momwe zilili m'maiko ena aku Asia. Zomwe zikunenedwa, pali zakudya zambiri zamasamba zomwe mungayesere, kuphatikiza:

• Nasi Lemak: Chakudya chodziwika bwino cha ku Malay chopangidwa ndi mpunga wa kokonati, mtedza, ndi sambal (phala la chilili chokometsera). Zakudya zamasamba za mbale iyi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi tempeh yokazinga kapena tofu m'malo mwa nyama.

• Roti Canai: Mkate wonyezimira, wonyezimira womwe nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa ndi msuzi wa curry. Zakudya zamasamba za mbale iyi zimapangidwa ndi masamba a curry.

• Laksa: Msuzi wokometsera wa Zakudyazi womwe umakonda ku Malaysia ndi Singapore. Zakudya zamasamba za mbale iyi zimapangidwa ndi tofu kapena masamba m'malo mwa nyama kapena nsomba.

Kuwona Zamasamba ku Japan

Dziko la Japan limadziwika chifukwa chokonda nyama, nsomba zam'madzi, ndi mazira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa omwe amadya masamba ndi omwe amadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti apeze zakudya zoyenera. Ngakhale zili choncho, chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amakonda kudya zakudya zamasamba kapena zamasamba chikuchulukirachulukira m’dzikoli. Komabe, sichikumvekabe kapena kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri, ndipo anthu ambiri amavutika kumvetsa lingaliro la kusadya nyama.

Udindo wa Zakudya Zam'madzi mu Zakudya zaku Japan

Zakudya za m'nyanja ndi gawo lalikulu la zakudya za ku Japan, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti okonda zamasamba apeze zakudya zomwe zilibe nsomba. Ngakhale mbale zomwe zilibe nyama zimatha kukhala ndi nsomba zam'madzi kapena msuzi wa nsomba. Komabe, malo odyera ena ku Japan tsopano akupereka zosankha zamasamba komanso zamasamba.

Mphamvu ya Zakudya Zakumadzulo

Ndi kukwera kwa zakudya zaku Western ku Japan, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwakudya nyama ndi mkaka. Komabe, palinso chidwi chofuna kudya zamasamba ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, pomwe makampani ambiri akupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zomera. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zakudya zamasamba kapena zamasamba zimatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo chidziwitsochi chikuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu aku Japan.

Kutsiliza

Ndimomwemo momwe kusadya zamasamba kunafikira ku Asia ndi momwe kwakhudzira chikhalidwe. Ndi njira yabwino kudya zakudya zathanzi komanso kumva bwino za inu nokha. Komanso, ndi bwino kwa chilengedwe ndi nyama. Choncho musaope kuyesa nokha!

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.