Vegetarianism muAsia: A Comprehensive Guide kuChina, Korea, Malaysia & Japan
Asia inozivikanwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzetsika, nzvimbo dzinoshamisa, uye chikafu chinonaka. Asi waizviziva here kuti imusha wevamwe vevanodya miriwo vakazvipira zvakanyanya pasi rose?
Tsika yekudya miriwo yakapararira muAsia kwezviuru zvemakore. Magwaro ekare echiIndia akadai sa“Vedas” uye “Upanishads” anotaura nezvetsika yokusadya miriwo, uye “Manusmriti” (200 BCE) yairambidza kudyiwa kwenyama.
Mugwaro iri, ini ndinokutora iwe kuburikidza nenhoroondo yezvinomera muAsia, uye tarisa zvimwe zvezvikonzero nei ichizivikanwa zvakanyanya.
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Evolution yeVegetarianism muAsia
- Vegetarianism muChina inoonekwa sechiitiko chekare chine data rakanyorwa kubva kuZhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE).
- Pfungwa yokusadya nyama yaibatanidzwa zvakasimba netsika dzechitendero nedzeuzivi dzakadai sechiBuddha nechiConfucius.
- Izwi remuriwo muChinese ndere "sùshí" (素食) iro rinoreva kuti "chikafu chakajeka" kana "chisiri chenyama chikafu".
- Munguva dzazvino, muitiro wekutora kudya kwemuriwo uri kuramba uchikura muChina, kunyanya mumaguta makuru umo vanhu vanonyanya kufunga nezvehutano.
- Zvokudya zvezvirimwa muChina zvinowanzobatanidza miriwo yakawanda uye zviyo, uye zvokudya zvegungwa zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezvinomera.
- Zvimwe zvinodyiwa zvemuriwo zvakakurumbira muChina zvinosanganisira “Bhudha’s Delight” (ndiro yakatumidzwa zita remamongi echiBhudha avo vanofungidzirwa kuti ndivo vakaigadzira), “Mapo Tofu” (ndiro yetofu inorungwa), uye “Soup Inopisa neinovava”.
Kuvandudzwa kweVegetarianism mune Dzimwe Nyika dzeAsia
- Vegetarianism mune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia dzakadai seMalaysia, Vietnam, neSouth Korea dzinosiyana nedziri kuChina neJapan maererano nemhando dzendiro uye zvigadzirwa zvinowanzodyiwa.
- MuMalaysia, semuenzaniso, madhishi emuriwo anowanzo sanganisira nyama yekunyomba yakagadzirwa nesoya kana gorosi protein.
- MuVietnam, kudya kwezvinomera kunobatanidza zvakasimba netsika yenyika ye "com chay" (mupunga wezvinomera) unosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiriwo uye zviyo.
- MuSouth Korea, kudya miriwo inzira itsva yakatanga muzana remakore rechi20, uye inowanzobatanidzwa nezvikoro zveBuddhism zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekusakuvadza mhuka.
- Munyika dzose idzi, tsika yekudya miriwo yakanyatsobatanidzwa nepfungwa yekunzwira tsitsi mhuka uye zvakatipoteredza, pamwe chete nechishuvo chekudya kunovaka muviri kunosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiriwo uye zviyo.
Kusimuka kweVeganism muAsia
- Veganism, iyo inosanganisira kusadya chero zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinosanganisira mukaka nemazai, inzira nyowani muAsia.
- Izwi rekuti vegan muchiChinese ndi "zhīròu" (植肉) zvinoreva "nyama yechirimwa".
- Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave neruzivo rwakakura rwezvehutano hwekudya kwevegan, pamwe nekunetseka kwehutsika kwakabatana nekurima kwemhuka.
- Vamwe vane simba mukupararira kweveganism muAsia vanosanganisira Thich Nhat Hanh, mumongi weBuddhist wekuVietnam uyo akapokana nezvekukosha kwekunzwira tsitsi mhuka, uye maresitorendi matsva akavhurwa mumaguta mukondinendi yese.
- Kunyange zvazvo veganism ichiri tsika yevashoma munyika zhinji dzeAsia, iri kuramba ichikura mukuzivikanwa sezvo vanhu vachiwedzera kuziva mabhenefiti ekudya kwezvirimwa.
Vegetarianism muChina: A Cultural and Dietary Revolution
- China ndiyo mutengi mukuru wepasirese uye mugadziri wenyama, asi kune maitiro ari kukura akananga kune vegetarianism uye veganism munyika.
- Maererano netsvagiridzo, vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi mashanu muChina vanotevera kudya kwemuriwo kana vegan.
- Hurumende yeChina yakaburitsa dhata rakanangana nekukurudzira vanhu kuti vaderedze madyiro avanoita nyama, ichipa mabhenefiti angangoita nharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu.
- Kuwedzera kunzwisiswa kwekubatana pakati pekudya kwenyama nemigumisiro yakaipa pamuviri kwaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vasarudze kucheka nyama kubva pakudya kwavo.
- Vegetarianism iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira pakati pechizvarwa chechidiki muChina, avo vanonyanya kuvhurika kune pfungwa itsva uye nzira dzekugadzira chikafu.
South Korea: Nzvimbo yeVegetarian's Haven?
Kunyangwe iri nyika inoda nyama, South Korea yakaona kuvhiya kwemaresitorendi ezvekudya uye sarudzo dzechikafu. Maguta makuru seSeoul neBusan ane nhamba iri kukura yemaresitorendi emiriwo uye vegan, ane mazhinji achipa soy-based nyama inotsiva. Zvimwe zvinodyiwa zvemuriwo zvakakurumbira muSouth Korea zvinosanganisira bibimbap (yakavhenganiswa mupunga mbiya nemiriwo), japchae (yakakangwa-yakakangwa girazi noodles nemiriwo), uye kimchi (miriwo yakaviriswa).
Mamiriro eHurumende paVegetarianism
Hurumende yeSouth Korea yazivisa kuti yave kufunga kurambidza kudyiwa kwenyama yembwa, danho richange richitsigira kuti munyika muve netsika nemagariro ekudya miriwo nehunhu. Nekudaro, hurumende haisati yaita chero zvichemo zvepamutemo kana kutora matanho kune izvi.
Kuongorora Vegetarian Cuisine yekuMalaysia
Malaysia inyika iri muSoutheast Asia, inozivikanwa netsika dzayo dzakasiyana, nzvimbo dzinoshamisa, uye chikafu chinonaka. Nyika yacho ine madzinza akasiyana-siyana, uye vaMalay, vaChina, nevaIndia vari mapoka makuru. Kusiyana kwetsika uku kunoratidzwa muchikafu cheMalaysia, chinova musanganiswa wezvinonaka zvakasiyana uye masitayipi ekubika.
Kufurira kweMalay paMalasia Cuisine
Vanhu vechiMalay ndiro dzinza rakakura kwazvo muMalaysia, uye chikafu chavo chikamu chakakosha chetsika yechikafu chenyika. Chikafu cheMalay chinozivikanwa nekunaka kwacho uye kunhuhwirira, uye chine nyama nehove. Nekudaro, kune zvakare akawanda ezvinosarudzwa zvemuriwo zviripo, kunyanya muchimiro che miti curries uye kusanganisa-fries.
Vegetarianism muMalaysia
Vegetarianism haisi pfungwa itsva muMalaysia, uye kune zvakawanda zvezvokudya zvezvirimwa uye zvidyiro zvekudya munyika yose. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vegetarianism haina kupararira muMalaysia sezvazviri mune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia. Izvo zviri kutaurwa, kuchine zvakawanda zvinonaka zvemuriwo ndiro kuyedza, kusanganisira:
- Nasi Lemak: Chikafu chinozivikanwa cheMalay chakagadzirwa nekokonati mupunga, nzungu, uye sambal (chinorunga paste). Vegetarian shanduro dzechikafu ichi dzinowanzoshandiswa ne tempeh yakakangwa kana tofu panzvimbo yenyama.
- Roti Canai: Chikafu chinoputika, chinopisa chinowanzoshandiswa ne curry dipping sauce. Vegetarian versions yendiro iyi inogadzirwa nemiriwo curry.
- Laksa: Soup inonhuwira yenoodle inozivikanwa muMalaysia neSingapore. Vegetarian versions yedhishi iyi inogadzirwa ne tofu kana miriwo panzvimbo yenyama kana hove.
Kuongorora Vegetarianism muJapan
Japan inozivikanwa nokuda kwekuda nyama, hove dzegungwa, uye mazai, zvichiita kuti zviome kune vanodya miriwo nemavegan kuwana zvokudya zvakakodzera. Pasinei neizvi, nhamba yevanhu vanosarudza kudya kwemiriwo kana vegan iri kuwedzera munyika. Zvisinei, haisati yava kunzwisiswa zvikuru kana kuti kugamuchirwa, uye vanhu vazhinji vanokuwana kwakaoma kunzwisisa pfungwa yokusadya nyama.
Basa reKudya kwegungwa muJapan Cuisine
Zvokudya zvemugungwa chikamu chakakosha chekudya kweJapan, uye zvinogona kunetsa kune vanodya miriwo kuwana ndiro dzisina chero chikafu chemugungwa. Kunyange madhishi asina nyama anogona kunge aine zvekudya zvemugungwa kana muto wehove. Nekudaro, mamwe maresitorendi muJapan ave kupa zvizere zvemuriwo uye vegan sarudzo.
Kufurira kweWestern Diets
Nekukwira kwezvokudya zvekuMadokero muJapan, kwave kune kuwedzera kukuru mukushandiswa kwenyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Nekudaro, kune zvakare kufarira kuri kukura mune vegetarianism uye veganism, nemakambani mazhinji anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvezvirimwa. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kudya kwemuriwo kana vegan kunogona kupa hutano hwakakosha, uye ruzivo urwu rwuri kuendeswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuhuwandu hweJapan.
mhedziso
Saka ndiyo nzira iyo miriwo yakauya kuAsia uye kuti yakapesvedzera sei tsika. Inzira yakanaka yekudya zvine hutano uye kunzwa zviri nani nezvako. Uyezve, zviri nani kune zvakatipoteredza uye mhuka. Saka usatya kuzviedza iwe pachako!
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Joost Nusselder, muvambi weBite My Bun mushambadzi wemukati, baba uye vanofarira kuyedza chikafu chitsva nechikafu cheJapan pamoyo pechishuwo chake, uye pamwe chete nechikwata chake anga achigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubvira 2016 kubatsira vakavimbika vaverengi nemaresipi uye matipi ekubika.
