Katsuobushi Noma “Bonito Flakes”: Bamnika Kanjani Umami?

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe Agasti 14, 2022

Ama-Bonito flakes abizwa ngokuthi i-katsuobushi, okuyigama lesiJapane elisho i-skipjack tuna eyomisiwe, evutshiwe, nebhenywayo.

Inhlanzi iyomiswa, ivutshelwe futhi ishunqiswe. Khona-ke izingcezu ziyagundwa ukuze zengezwe ezitsheni ukuze zinikeze okuhle umami ukunambitheka.

I-Katsuobushi ephuciwe kanye ne-kombu yizithako eziyinhloko dashi, umhluzi owakha isisekelo sesobho namasoso amaningi e-Japanese cuisine, njengama-noodle e-ramen.

Ibuye isetshenziswe njengokugcwalisa izitsha eziningi ezifana ne-takoyaki kanye ne-okonomiyaki edumile, okwenza kube yisisekelo okumelwe sibe nakho ukupheka isiJapane.

Ukunambitheka kwe-umami okuhlukile kwe-Katsuobushi kuvela ekuphakameni kwayo inosinic acid okuqukethwe. I-katsuobushi eyenziwe ngokwesiko, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-karebushi, yengeze i-Aspergillus glaucus fungus ukuze kuncishiswe umswakama.

I-Katsuobushi nayo ikhonjiswe ukuthi inikeza ukunambitheka kokumi.

Ama-Bonito flakes ayinto ethokozisayo. Ngenxa yokuthi anesisindo esincane, ukushisa okuvela ekudleni okusepuletini kungase kubangele ukuthi zihambe.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu abaningi bathi ama-flakes ayadansa. Ngakho-ke, zingezengezo ezithokozisayo ezitsheni zamasiko.

Ngezinhloso zokupheka, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge:

• A ukugxusha for rice amabhola
• I-topping yerayisi noma ama-noodle
• Isinongo se-tofu
• I-topping ye takoyaki or okonomiyaki
• Isinongo seqanda lekhulu
• I-topping ye-ramen
• Ukuphatha amaprotheni aphezulu kumakati

I-Katsuobushi (鰹節) iyi-skipjack tuna eyomisiwe, evutshiwe, nebhenywa enegama lesayensi: I-Katsuwonus Pelamis. Elinye igama le-katsuobushi ama-bonito flakes, futhi leli gama ngokuvamile libonisa ukuthi i-bonito encane isetshenziswa esikhundleni esishibhile se-skipjack tuna.

Ibizwa ngokuthi i-okaka (おかか) uma isetshenziselwa ukwenza isisekelo sesosi yesoya yezitsha zelayisi njenge-okaka onigiri.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

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I-katsuobushi iyithola kanjani i-umami flavour?

Ukunambitheka kwe-umami okuhlukile kweKatsuobushi kuvela kokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-inosinic acid.

I-karebushi, eyi-katsuobushi eyenziwe ngokwesiko, ifakwa ngenhloso ne-Aspergillus glaucus fungus ngesikhathi sesigaba sokukhiqiza ukususa umswakama enyameni yenhlanzi njengoba idinga ukomiswa ukuze ibe wusizo.

Kule vidiyo ye-YouTube evela ku-Haradaizumi, ungabona ukuthi i-katsuobushi yenziwa kanjani:

Ososayensi baphinde babona ukuthi i-katsuobushi ikhombisa i-kokumi (6th isuselwa kokunambitheka okuyisisekelo okungu-5 okungatholwa ama-receptors ezinambitheka ngolimi lwethu) ukunambitheka.

Kodwa-ke, izamukeli zolimi empeleni azikwazi ukuyithola; esikhundleni salokho, ithuthukisa ama-flavour amnandi, usawoti kanye ne-umami.

Umlando kaKatsuobushi

Ngokuya ngamarekhodi angokomlando, kuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi abantu baseJapan bebesebenzisa le nhlanzi yokuthosa izinhlanzi kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yokuvutshelwa yokwenza i-katsuobushi ayitholakalanga kwaze kwaba cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva.

Inganekwane edumile mayelana nekatsuobushi yaziwa yibo bonke abantu baseJapan futhi iya kanjena:

Indoda ethile yayihamba ngasendaweni edobayo futhi yathola isikebhe esincane esigcwele ikatsuobushi sidindilize okusobala ukuthi sasishiywe ngumdobi othile. Kwase kunesikhathi eside kukhona ukuthi isikhunta sase sikhule nxazonke.

Ngemuva kokuzithola ebulawa yindlala wabe esephoqeleka ukuthi adle i-katsuobushi, kepha ngalesi sikhathi wathola ukuthi ukuvutshelwa okubangelwa yisikhunta kwanika i-katsuobushi ukunambitheka okunothe kakhulu kunalokho abengakucabanga.

Le ndaba iqhubeka ithi bekungalesi sikhathi lapho abantu baseJapan bavele babona amandla ekatsuobushi ezitsheni zabo. Futhi ngakho-ke bebelokhu besebenzisa ukwenza idashi nezinye izindlela zokupheka kusukela lapho.

Izinzuzo Zezempilo zikaKatsuobushi

I-bonito noma i-katsuobushi inenani eliphakeme lamaprotheni kanye nawo wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile umzimba awudingayo ukuze uhlale unempilo enhle. Ibuye ibe namavithamini namaminerali amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-iron, i-niacin, ne-B12.

Ochwepheshe bezempilo baqinisekisa futhi bakhuthaze abantu ukuthi badle i-katsuobushi nsuku zonke njengoba ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza komzimba kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho.

Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa ubungozi obungahle bube khona bezinye izifo eziningi kanye nezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nokuwohloka komqondo.

Usetshenziselwani uKatsuobushi?

I-katsuobushi ingenye yezinto ezimbili kuphela eziyinhloko ekwakheni isobho le-dashi (kombu esinye isithako) - esihlinzeka ngama-umami flavour kuzindlela zokupheka eziningi ezimangalisayo zaseJapan.

Uma ingasetshenziswanga ukwenza idashi noma amanye amasoso, ama-bonito flakes asetshenziswa njenge- ukukhipha okulula kepha okumnandi kwe-okonomiyaki, imifino eqoshiwe, noma i-tofu (ama-pancake aseJapane anambitheka).

UKatsuobushi ubuye wathola isitifiketi "sokudansa izinhlanzi."

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho zifafazwa ngaphezulu kwesitsha esiqhakazile njenge-okonomiyaki, ngokwesibonelo, ukushisa kwe-grill kubangela ukuthi ama-flakes asabele futhi azulazule sengathi ayadansa, ngaleyo ndlela i-moniker.

IKatsuobushi isetshenziswa nakwezinye izitsha zerayisi ezithandwayo ezixutshwa ne-Unagi Hitsumabushi Grilled Eel Rice Bowl, i-Onigiri, noma iChimaki Chinese Style Glutinous Rice Balls ukuze ithuthukise ukunambitheka kwayo.

Ungathola kalula amaphakethe e-katsuobushi athengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu zaseJapan nasezitolo ezilula kanye nasezitolo eziku-inthanethi njengeAmazon neJapan Center.

Okuthile okubalulekile futhi okudumile njengekatsuobushi kungaba yinto exakile uma ungatholi noma yini ongayithenga esitolo sangempela noma ezitolo ezibonakalayo.

Uyenza kanjani iKatsuobushi

UKatsuobushi, bonito omisiwe, ngu isithako esibalulekile cuisine yaseJapan. Ngokudambisa amanzi inhlanzi entsha kudala umami opholile kakhulu emzimbeni wayo, lokhu-ke - lapho kusomisiwe - kuba yisisekelo somhluzi wedashi osetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho se-miso kanye ne-soba dipping sauce kanye nezinye izindlela eziningi zokupheka zaseJapan.

Uma ingasetshenziswanga ukwenza isitokwe sedashi, isetshenziswa njenge-topping. Imvamisa ama-katsuobushi shavings afafazwa ngemifino ebilisiwe noma nge-tofu.

Ama-bonito flakes asanda kushejwa ayathandwa; noma kunjalo, kukhona ama-flakes amahle asengaphambi kokufakwa ongawathenga nawo!

Indlela yendabuko yokwenza i-honkarebushi yaseJapan isebenze kanzima, futhi kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuqeda; Akudingeki ukuthi kuthiwe yi-katsuobushi esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu emakethe namuhla.

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zimi kanje:

1. Ukwenza i-katsuobushi iqala ngokususa ikhanda, izitho zangaphakathi, umsila, nenyama eyeqile enhlanzini esanda kubanjwa ye-bonito; bese isikwa ngobude ibe izingxenye ezine ezilinganayo zemicu.
2. Lapho imicu isilungile, ifakwa kubhasikidi bensimbi bese icwiliswa ngaphansi kwepayipi elikhulu lamanzi elihlala futhi phezu kwesitofu noma i-grill evulekile ukuze ibilise amanzi cishe lapho ibila khona (cishe ngo-80-90 ℃) cishe imizuzu engama-90. Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zibopho zivunyelwe ukupholisa phansi, bese zikhishwa amathambo, kanye nokususa isikhumba namanoni awo amaningi. Imicibisholo izobe ilahlekelwe cishe ama-32% wamanzi kuyo kulesi sigaba.
3. Lezi zibopho zifakwa emabhasikidini agcwele ukhuni nasezithungelweni zokhuni cishe ihora elilodwa, bese zivunyelwa ukuphola. Ukubhema nokomisa lezi zibopho kuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-10, bese zibekwa endaweni evulekile ukuvumela ukushisa kwelanga kubenze baqhubeke nokoma. Amafillets azolahlekelwa amanye ama-15% wamanzi emizimbeni yawo kulesi sigaba.
4. Imichilo ihlanzwa ihlanzeke ngamanzi abandayo abesebekwa phansi ukuze ome futhi elangeni usuku noma ngaphezulu. Kufakwa ijazi lokunamathisela izinhlanzi kubo futhi ngemuva kwalokho, babekwa egumbini lesiko futhi bavunyelwe ukuthi bavutshelwe amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhunta esikhethekile (unamathisela inhlanzi) siyasuswa bese imicu ibekwa endaweni evulekile futhi yokwehlisa amanzi emzimbeni. Le nqubo yokubumba / yokumisa ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba izibopho ze-honkarebushi zebhonito eyomile zingathathwa njengezilungele ukusetshenziswa futhi zithengiswe emakethe. Ngalesi sikhathi izibopho ziqukethe cishe amanzi angaphansi kuka-2% futhi ziwuhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwekatsuobushi ebilisiwe.

Amandla we-Eurotium Herbariorum

AmaJapan abiza amabhaktheriya anesibopho sokubilisa imicu katsuobushi "Kouji" futhi kusobala ukuthi isuselwe esikweni lawo lokudla.

Isosi yesoya noma i- "shoyu" ivame ukufakwa ohlwini negama lomkhiqizo le- "Kouji" futhi njengamagciwane.

I-Eurotium Herbariorum yigama lesayensi lamagciwane aseKouji asetshenziselwa ukudala iMakurazaki Honkarebushi (katsuobushi).

Izinzuzo ze-Eurotium Herbariorum (Kouji) zifaka:

• I- “Umami” ethuthukisiwe: Ifihla ama-enzyme abalulekile njenge-Proteolytic ne-Protease enzymes edala izingxenye ze-umami.
• IDashi Lidalwe Ngenxa Yokuphuka Kwamafutha: Idashi elenziwe kusuka katsuobushi ngokwemvelo lingumkhiqizo wesilwane, yize iningi lamafutha selisusiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa. Ama-bacteria amahle i-Kouji nawo aneqhaza ekwehlisweni kwamafutha kudashi njengoba lifihla ama-enzyme eLipase neLipolytic lapho isikhunta sikhula ku-katsuobushi ngenkathi sisegumbini lesiko. inkukhu noma ukudla kwasolwandle kunamafutha akhona kuwo, kepha idashi laseJapan aliqukethe cishe amafutha njengoba lenziwe nge-katsuobushi. Unamathisela okhethekile wezinhlanzi noma isikhunta yilokho okwenza i-katsuobushi iphilile futhi inikeze ukunambitheka kwayo okuhlukile kwe-umami.
• Iphunga Eliyingqayizivele elingenayo i-Trace of Fish Odor: Ama-enzyme ayimfihlo kaProtease noLipase nawo anika i-katsuobushi iphunga eliyingqayizivele, kepha ayikho neyodwa inhlanzi enukayo.
• I-Anti-oxidation: Izinhlamvu zezinhlanzi ze-katsuobushi zikhipha ama-anti-oxidants ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutshelwa, ngakho-ke kusiza ukuvikela ingaphezulu lemicu kusuka ku-oxidation noma ngabe ivezwe emoyeni ovulekile.

Izinhlobo zeKatsuobushi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zekatsuobushi ezinamazinga ahlukahlukene okusetshenziswa futhi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.

Ungabona futhi ukhombe i-katsuobushi enhle kakhulu ngemibala yayo ekhanyayo epinki noma ye-beige futhi izokhanya kancane lapho ivezwa emini.

I-Hanakatsuo (花 鰹; は な か つ お)

Lezi ama-katsuobushi noma ama-bonito flakes abukeka ephila ngoba zingamacembe amancane acishe abukeke njengokushefa kwezinkuni ezinkulu kuleyo misebenzi yokubaza noma yokubaza oyibonayo (eminye ingaba nombala wenyama omnyama).

I-Karebushi echefiwe (削 り 枯 れ 節)

Ama-bonito flakes we-karebushi anezinsimbi ezinemibala ekhanyayo futhi angahle noma angabi nayo inyama emnyama kwamanye ama-flakes.

Ama-flakes anemibala ekhanyayo alungele ukwenza idashi elicacile ngesobho lesinambitheka nephunga elimnandi.

Ngenkathi ezimnyama zingasetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho se-miso izitsha ezifakiwe kanye nokugqoka.

Okushefiwe i-Arabushi (削 り あ ら 節)

Lolu hlobo lwekatsuobushi luvame kakhulu e-United States futhi lulungele ukwenza amasobho afana ne-miso, ukufaka amasosi afana ne-ponzu sauce, nokugqoka.

Uma ufuna iresiphi yakho yesobho noma iresiphi yesoso ukuze ube nokunambitheka okunamandla, bese usebenzisa lawo ma-flakes e-bonito anenyama emnyama kuwo.

I-Arakezuri (粗 削 り)

Le katsuobushi inokushefa okujiyile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhonito flakes futhi inenyama emnyama nayo! Lokhu kwenza kubaluleke ekwenzeni izitsha eziboshiwe.

I-Itokezuri (糸 削 り)

I-katsuobushi ene-shavings e-thinnest futhi ifaneleka njengokuhlobisa amasaladi ne-tofu.

Thatha isikhathi sokufunda iposi lami ku lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zezitsha zaseJapan uma unethuba

“Usukezuri” - Ukushefa okuncane

La ma-flakes e-bonito anokujiya okusheyiwe okungaphansi kuka-0.2mm kodwa anobubanzi obukhulu obukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-etheezuri.

Ama-usukezuri flakes kulula ukukhipha ama-flavour umami kusuka, ikakhulukazi uma wenza i-dashi futhi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlobisa.

"Atsukezuri" - Ukushefa okujiyile

Inobukhulu obusikiwe obufanayo njengoba i-usukezuri ikwenza ngo-0.2mm futhi inobubanzi obukhulu futhi.

Kuhle ukwenza i-braise nge-dashi enothile enothile ngokugcwele.

“Kezuri ethambile” - shave ethambile

Le bonito flake ibizwa ngokuthi “ithambile,” ngoba igundwe ibheke phezulu ukusika izinhlamvu.

Lapho uzodla i-kezuri kunoma yikuphi ukudla okuyizintandokazi okulungiselelwe umpheki wokudlela waseJapan noma isidlo esiphekwe ekhaya, uzobona ukuthungwa kwaso kwethenda lapho kuncibilika emlonyeni wakho ngemizuzwana embalwa nje.

Okunambitheka kwe-umami nakho kulula ukukhishwa kwi-kezuri njengoba ifihla ngokushesha ama-enzyme akuyo uma ihlangana namanzi kanye nekombu ekwenzeni isobho lesitashi sedashi.

"Saihen" - Ukushefa okuqhekekile

Okuchebiwe ngokufana nezinhlamvu bese kugayeka kube izingcezu ezincane, i-saihen noma i- "usukezuri eqhekekile" inikeza iphunga nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu uma uyisebenzisa ukwenza isithokelo sezindlela zokupheka ezahlukahlukene zaseJapan.

I-katsuobushi encane - ecishe ibukeke njengokhuni lwokhuni - iyafana namazambane amazambane ayawa, ngaphandle kokuthi inambitheka kangcono futhi inempilo ngokuqhathanisa.

"I-Funmatsu" - Ukugaya

Igama elithi “funmatsu” lisetshenziswa uma kuchazwa le fillet yezinhlanzi kulapho i-katsuobushi noma i-bonito flakes ishefa bese ibekwa entweni eyimpuphu e-orenji nsundu.

Futhi njenge-saihen nayo isetshenziselwa ukupheka noma ukunambitha njengesinongo.

Inikeza izitsha zakho ngezinto ezinamakha amahle kanye ne-umami enothile enambitheka kanye nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo obungazi ukuthi uyazidinga!

Katsuobushi vs Bonito

I-Katsuobushi empeleni iyafana ne-bonito, nakuba i-Katsuobushi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumabhulokhi ezinhlanzi omisiwe futhi abilisiwe (inhlanzi iyonke) kanti ama-Bonito flakes angama-fish flakes enziwe ngama-Katsuobushi shavings, futhi i-bonito ngokwayo iyinhlanzi ephilayo.

Futhi funda: ufuna ukuthenga ama-katsuobushi bonito flakes? Lawa amabhrendi ahamba phambili

Kunzima kangakanani uKatsuobushi?

Izitini zenhlanzi ezomisiwe nezibilile ezaziwa ngokuthi iKatsuobushi zinzima njengetshe. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo yokuvutshelwa nesikhunta esikhipha wonke amanzi nezicubu ezinamafutha. Kunzima impela, ukuthi udinga ukushefa okukhethekile ukuthola ama-flakes ezinhlanzi ongawasebenzisa esitsheni sakho.

I-FAQ mayelana nama-bonito flakes

Ngabe ama-bonito flakes akanayo i-gluten?

Ukudla okungenalo i-gluten akufaki ukudla okune-gluten okufana namaprotheni atholakala kukolweni, kanye nebhali, i-oats, ne-rye. Ama-Bonito flakes awanayo i-gluten, ngakho-ke avunyelwe ukudla okungenalo i-gluten.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes halal?

Ukudla kwe-halal kuqukethe ukudla amaSulumane akubona kuphephile ukukudla. Lokhu kudla yilokhu okungathathwa njengokuyingozi emizimbeni yabo.

Yize ukudla okune-halal kuvame ukungabandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane, kunezinhlanzi ezithile ezithathwa njenge-halal. UBonito uphakathi kwabo.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes keto?

Ukudla kwe-keto kudinga ukudla okune-carb ephansi kanye nenani elihle lamafutha anempilo. I-Bonito ine-carb ephansi futhi icebile ngamafutha anempilo, ngakho ilungele ukudla kwe-keto.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes ayimifino?

Kunezindawo ezimpunga mayelana nokuthi umuntu odla imifino angakudla futhi angakwazi yini ukukudla.

Nokho, ukudliwa kwezilwane ezifile akukaze kubhekwe njengemifino. Ngakho-ke, i-bonito nezinye izinhlanzi zifakiwe ohlwini lwezinto ezingabhekwa njengemifino.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes kosher?

Kwamukelekile ukwenza i-bonito emakhishini e-kosher. Kodwa-ke, ama-flakes awaqinisekisiwe we-kosher.

Ama-dieters angama-Kosher afisa ukwenza izindlela zokupheka ezibiza i-bonito ngokuvamile azofaka ama-flakes ezinhlanzi ezimhlophe.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes aqukethe i-MSG?

I-MSG i-monosodium glutamate, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza izitsha zase-Asia ukunambitheka kwe-umami. Abaningi bathi kungabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa; nokho, lokhu akukaze kufakazelwe.

Abanye bathi kubangele ukusabela okungekuhle, okufana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

Kunoma yikuphi, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusabela okungalungile lapho udla ama-bonito noma ama-bonito flakes. Womabili awanawo ama-MSG.

Eqinisweni, ama-bonito flakes avame ukusetshenziswa ezitsheni esikhundleni se-MSG nikeza i-umami flavour ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imiphumela eyingozi engaba khona.

Ingabe ama-bonito flakes aphelelwa yisikhathi?

Njengoba ama-bonito flakes kungukudla okomisiwe, ahlala isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, lokho akusho ukuthi abanalo usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.

Ngokuvamile, ama-bonito flakes azohlala izinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi uhlole amaphakheji ukuze ubone ukuthi eyakho iphelelwa yisikhathi nini.

Yini engingayisebenzisa esikhundleni sama-bonito flakes?

Uma wenza iresiphi ebiza ama-bonito flakes kodwa ungenayo esandleni, amakhowe e-shiitake kanye ne-kombu kokubili kungathatha indawo enhle.

Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekudleni njengenye yemifino.

Futhi funda: i-sushi yenzela abaqalayo

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.