Shungiku: Pehea e ʻai ai a e kuke ai me ia
Shungiku ʻO （春菊, Crown Daisy, Garland chrysanth emum） kahi mea kanu i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma Iapana. Ulu ia i nā pua i ka pūnāwai a ua like ke ʻano o ka lau me he chrysanthemum, no laila ua kapa ʻia haʻalele (punawai) giku (chrysanthemum).
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka mea kanu, koe wale nā kumu paʻa ma lalo. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia he lau nahele a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma muli o ka ʻaoʻao o luna. He ʻawaʻawa kona ʻono me ka ʻono lāʻau.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻai Kepanī kaulana e like me sukiyaki a i ʻole tempura a kuke ʻoe, hoʻomoʻi, a hoʻomoʻi paha i mea hiki ke ʻai.
Kaulana ia ma Iapana a ua maʻalahi ka ulu ʻana.
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ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Bitemybun me ka papa hoʻolālā meaʻai piha a me ke alakaʻi papa ʻaina.
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He aha ka ʻāpana o ka mea kanu shungiku hiki ke ʻai?
Hiki ke ʻai ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana koe nae na kumu paakiki malalo. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka pua, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻonani ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ʻawaʻawa ma mua o nā kumu a me nā lau.
He ʻala ʻokoʻa ko Shungiku, akā hiki ke ʻai ʻia e like me ka coriander. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano, a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka saladi.
Akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fiber i nā ʻōpuʻu, a paʻakikī ke nau maka. No laila makemake paha ʻoe e hoʻoulu a hoʻolapalapa paha i nā ʻōpala. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻohana nui ai ka poʻe i loko o nā ipu wela.
He ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka ʻono, no laila ʻaʻole makemake kekahi poʻe e ʻai ia mea. Inā makemake ʻoe i nā mea kanu, a laila ʻo ia paha kāu mea punahele.
Hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka shungiku e like me nā lau lau ʻē aʻe e like me ka spinach a i ʻole komatsuna. Ua piha hoʻi i nā meaʻai, no laila he mea hoʻohui maikaʻi ia i kāu ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia he lāʻau a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo no kēia.
He lāʻau a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka shungiku?
ʻO Shungiku kahi Laʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He lāʻau lapaʻau ka lāʻau lapaʻau Iapana a ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma Iapana. ʻO kēia ka lau shiso, ka wasabi, a me ka ʻala. A ʻo shungiku kekahi o lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻala a me nā ʻono ʻaʻole ikaika e like me nā mea kanu Western.
He mea kanu maikaʻi ʻo Shungiku i hiki ke ʻai ʻia a me ka moʻa. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia ka α-pinene a me ka perillaldehyde, e like me ka Jucá, D., Silva et al (Planta medica, 2011) hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa iā ia ka nui o nā huaora a me nā minela.
He aha ka ʻono o ka shungiku?
Ua loaʻa iā Shungiku he ʻono ʻawaʻawa a kū hoʻokahi, akā ʻoluʻolu naʻe. Ua like ia me nā lau lau e like me ka spinach a me ka chard, akā he ʻawaʻawa a he ʻono kūʻokoʻa e like me ke kale.
He ʻano ʻano like ko nā lau me ka salakeke rocket a me nā kumu e like me ka spinach wai Kina.
He aha nā mea shungiku hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻono like?
“Kikuna” ʻo ia ka mea koho maikaʻi loa inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa ka ʻono like. He mea kanu like ia me ka shungiku, akā ʻokoʻa ka hānai ʻana.
He poʻe nā lau a me ka ʻōpae a me nā kumu komatsuna ke kikuna, akā like ka ʻono.
ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka shungiku ʻo ia ka lau rocket. E loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻawaʻawa like a me ke ʻano crunchy a kūpono ia i ka nui o nā kīʻaha.
He nui nā ʻano e kuke ai ʻo Shungiku, no laila maʻalahi ke hoʻololi iā ia i loko o nā meaʻai kaulana.
He aha nā loina Kepani kaulana e hoʻohana ai i ka shungiku?
Aia nā ʻano mea ʻai Iapana kaulana me ka shungiku.
Nui nā ala e hoʻohana ai i ka shungiku ma nā ʻano ʻai, akā ma lalo ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā ala kaulana 5 e hoʻohana ai.
- ʻO ka ipu wela Sukiyaki (a i ʻole ka ipu wela ʻē aʻe)
- tempura
- kīʻaha hoʻopalapala
- Sesame seed aemono
- ʻOhitashi (ʻai ʻai ʻia) etc.
Me nā kīʻaha i luna, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui pono i ka moʻomeheu meaʻai Iapana kaulana.
ʻAʻole nui ka hoʻomākaukau e hele ai, no laila maʻalahi ke hoʻohui i ka shungiku i kāu kīʻaha.
Pehea ʻoe e kuke ai i ka shungiku?
No ka kuke ʻana i ka shungiku, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomoʻa, hoʻomoʻi hohonu, blanch a hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana kuke ʻē aʻe. Aia ma lalo iho nei nā ala maʻamau 3 e kuke ai i ka shungiku.
- E hoʻohui i loko o ka sopa/ ipu wela/ stew: Hoʻohui ia i kekahi mea ʻono i ka sopa. ʻOi aku ka palupalu o nā kumu, no laila ua maʻalahi ke ʻai. Hoʻohui pinepine i ka hopena o ka kuke ʻana. E hoʻokuʻu mua i nā kumu, a laila nā lau.
- Paʻi-hohonu: Kōkua ka aila e hoʻopau i ka ʻawaʻawa. He ala ia e leʻaleʻa ai i ke ʻano maʻa o shungiku.
- Palani no ka aemono/ohitashi: Nani nō hoʻi ʻo Shungiku i ka ʻai ʻana i ke anu, e like me ka spinach. No ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōpala, ʻōlelo ʻia e blanch no ka ʻoliʻoli i ke ʻano.
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka kuke ʻana i ka shungiku e lawe mai i kahi ʻano like ʻole a me ka ʻono ʻono i ka lau nahele.
He mea maʻalahi hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka maka i hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi pūpū a hoʻohana iā ia ma nā ʻano like ʻole i ka pule. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka waiwai o ka meaʻai i loko o ka friji a maikaʻi loa nā pono olakino.
Pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i ka shungiku?
No ka mālama ʻana i ka shungiku, he 3 mau ʻanuʻu wale nō āu e pono ai e hahai.
- E uhi i nā ʻōpala me kahi kāwele pepa pulu: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i 2 a 3 mau kāwele pepa a uhi pono i nā kumu, ʻoi aku ka hope o ia. Kōkua ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka shungiku. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e uhi i nā lau no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino iā lākou.
- E hoʻokomo i loko o kahi ʻōpala plastik: Li'ili'i ka ea, emi ka poino! E ho'āʻo e sila pono, i uhi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka shungiku.
- E kū i luna i loko o ka pahu hau: Kōkua ia i ka piko ʻana o nā kumu, no laila e pale ai i nā pōʻino.
ʻO nā ʻanuʻu ma luna e kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama hou i kāu shungiku i loko o ka pahu hau.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka friji inā ʻoe e hoʻomoʻa. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ke ola o ka papa a mālama i nā meaʻai.
He aha ka waiwai o ka shungiku?
Wahi a ka US Department of Agriculture a me Andra Farm, he nui ka waiwai waiwai o Shungiku e like me lalo.
| Nānā Mea Ola | |
| Ka lawelawe ʻana i ka nui | Kōnae 100 |
| Ka nui no ka lawelawe ʻana | |
| Kālepa | 20 kcal |
| Ka nui o ka momona | Kōnae 0.09 |
| Ka pala momona | Kōnae 0.022 |
| Ka momona Trans | Kōnae 0 |
| ʻO Cholesterol | Kōnae 0 |
| Sodium | 53 mg |
| Ka nui o ka'ōpona | 4.31 nā huna |
| puluniu | 2.3 - 3.0 gram |
| Huina Sugars | 2.01 nā huna |
| kumuʻiʻo | 1.64 nā huna |
| hao | 2.29 – 3.74mg |
| riboflavin | 0.144 – 0.160mg |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 3,467 – 3,834 μg |
| Vitamin K | 142.7 – 350.0 μg |
| ka pōhaku | 117 mg |
| Thiamine | 0.130 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.118 – 0.176mg |
| Choline | 13 mg |
| Β-cryptoxanthin | 24 µg |
| ʻO Manganese | 0.355 – 0.943mg |
| ka wai | 91.4 - 92.49 gram |
| Paila pāʻiko | 567 – 569mg |
| makanekiuma | 32 mg |
| Folate | 50 – 177 μg |
| Vitamin E | 2.50 mg |
No ka mea he nui nā meaʻai, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka shungiku e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kou kino.
He aha nā pono olakino o ka shungiku?
Loaʻa iā Shungiku nā pono olakino like ʻole me ka nui o ka waiwai waiwai. ʻO nā pono olakino koʻikoʻi 4 ʻo ia ka mea ma lalo.
- Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve: He nui nā Shungiku puluniu e kōkua ana e komo hou i ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maikaʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. A e like me Jucá, D., Silva et al i loaʻa i kā lākou aʻo ʻana ma Planta medica i ka makahiki 2011, hoʻomaikaʻi ka α-pinene i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
- Kāohi i ka osteoporosis: Ushiroyama, T., Ikeda, A., & Ueki, M. (2002) loaa ʻO ka Vitamin K a me D hoʻonui i ka nui o ka mineral iwi, mālama i ke kaulike ma ka ʻōnaehana fibrinolysis-coagulation a kōkua i nā wahine me ka osteopenia a me ka osteoporosis.
- Kāohi i ka anemia: hao a Folate He mau meaʻai nui no ka anemia. Ua kākau ʻo Ahmed, F., Khan, M., & Jackson, A. i loko o ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka meaʻai hauʻoli (2001) ʻo ka Iron + folic acid + vitamin A i hoʻemi i ka anemia ma 92%, iron deficiency ma 90%, a me ka vitamin A deficiency e 76%. ʻO ka hao ke kumu e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i ke koko ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ka folate ke kumu e kākoʻo ai i ka hana ʻana i ke koko ʻulaʻula.
- Hoʻomalu i ko mākou ʻili a me nā mucous membrane: β-carotene i shungiku hoʻololi i Vitamin A, a e like me ka ʻōlelo a Roche, F., & Harris-Tryon, T. (2021), he mea koʻikoʻi kēia Vitamin A i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili a mālama i ka microbiome ʻili, e hōʻemi ana i ka maʻi ʻili a me ka mumū.
ʻO nā kau maikaʻi loa no ka shungiku ʻo ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo, a ʻo nā mea i ʻohi ʻia i kēia mau kau he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai ma mua o nā kau ʻē aʻe.
Pehea ʻoe e ulu ai i ka shungiku microgreens mai ka hua?
No ka ulu ʻana i ka shungiku mai ka hua, e hoʻomalu i ka mahana a puni 15 ~ 20 ℃ (59-68 Fahrenheit) a hana i ka ʻakika lepo mai ʻakika haʻahaʻa a kū ʻole.
He 6 wale nō ʻanuʻu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka shungiku microgreens mai nā hua e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
- E hoʻomākaukau i ka lepo ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lepo momona, mālama ʻia ka lepo, etc
- E kanu i nā hua a me ka wai no kahi o 5-7 mau lā
- Ke ʻike ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o 1 a i ʻole 2 lau, e hana i kahi ākea 0.8-1.1 iniha ma waena o nā lau
- Ke ʻike ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o nā lau 4 a i ʻole 5, e hoʻokaʻawale i 2-2.4 iniha ma waena o nā lau
- E ʻohi inā loaʻa nā lau 7 a 8 ma kēlā me kēia shungiku
- Inā haʻalele ʻoe i 3 a 4 mau lau, e hāʻawi i kahi ākea ma kahi o 6-7.9 iniha ka mamao.
ʻO Shungiku kahi mea kanu maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e ulu. Akā inā luhi ʻoe i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa ma nā hale kūʻai ma Iapana!
He lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana ʻo shungiku?
ʻAe, ʻo shungiku kekahi o nā mea hou aku nā mea kanu kaulana ma Iapana, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Ianuali a me Pepeluali, ʻo ia ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka shungiku.
Wahi a e-stat.co.jp, i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻohi ʻia he 27,200 t ma Iapana. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻai ka mea hoʻokahi ma kahi o 1 gm i hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻAʻole ʻai ka poʻe Kepani i kēlā me kēia lā, akā hoʻohui pinepine i kā lākou ipu wela a i ʻole sukiyaki e hauʻoli ai i ka ʻai ʻana me ka ʻohana. He mea maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana ma kahi supermarket maʻamau ma Iapana pū kekahi.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi, makemake a makemake ʻole kekahi poʻe Kepanī i ka ʻai ʻana ia mea ma muli o kona ʻono ʻokoʻa.
ʻAi wale kekahi poʻe me nā ʻano kuke kikoʻī, e like me ka palai hohonu a i ʻole ka paila. Ua hoʻomaka kekahi poʻe e ʻai ia mea ma hope o ko lākou lilo ʻana i kanaka makua. He ʻono ʻaʻole makemake ka hapa nui o nā keiki akā ulu ʻoe i ka makemake.
A ʻaʻole kaulana ia ma Iapana wale nō, kaulana loa ia ma Kina no ka laʻana, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo tong ho.
Ua like anei ka shungiku me tong ho?
Ua like ka Shungiku me ka mea kanu tong ho (茼蒿), i kapa ʻia ʻo ka daisy lei aliʻi Kina.
ʻAi ʻia ʻo Shungiku ma nā ʻāina ʻAsia ʻē aʻe, no laila ua kapa ʻokoʻa ʻia e nā inoa Pākē a me ʻAsia. ʻO ka hapa nui, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia a hoʻomoʻa ʻia paha i loko o ka sopa e ʻoliʻoli ai.
E nānā i kā mākou puke kuke hou
ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Bitemybun me ka papa hoʻolālā meaʻai piha a me ke alakaʻi papa ʻaina.
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ʻO Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu ʻo Bite My Bun kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne a makemake i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai hou me ka meaʻai Kepanī ma ka puʻuwai o kona kuko, a me kāna hui e hana ana ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2016 e kōkua i nā poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa. me nā meaʻai a me nā ʻōlelo kuke kuke.