ʻAila Huaʻai: Ola a pōʻino paha? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ke kuke ʻana me lākou

Author: Joost Nusselder, mea kākau o The Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Hōʻano houʻia 5, 2022

ʻO ka ʻaila meaʻai kahi mea kuke ʻai kaulana i nā momona holoholona e like me ka pata, a he nui nā ʻano like ʻole e koho ai.

ʻO ka aila meaʻai he triglyceride i unuhi ʻia mai kahi mea kanu. ʻO ia mau ʻaila he ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu kanaka no nā millennia.

Hiki ke wehewehe haiki ka hua'ōlelo "ʻaila meaʻai" e pili ana i nā ʻaila mea kanu i ka wai ma ka lumi wela, a i ʻole ka wehewehe ākea me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea ma kahi wela i hāʻawi ʻia.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻaila meaʻai maikaʻi loa no ka palai a me ka kuke ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea ʻē aʻe no ke kāhiko ʻana i nā salakeke. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi e like me ka biofuel a i ʻole ka wahie diesel!

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e wehewehe au i ke ʻano o nā aila meaʻai, nā pono olakino, a pehea e hoʻohana ai ia mau mea i kāu kuke ʻana. Eia hou, e kaʻana aku au i kekahi mau mea ʻono maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila meaʻai.

E nānā i kā mākou puke kuke hou

ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Bitemybun me ka papa hoʻolālā meaʻai piha a me ke alakaʻi papa ʻaina.

E hoʻāʻo iā ia no ka manuahi me Kindle Unlimited:

Heluhelu manuahi

E ʻimi ana i nā ʻano ʻaila ʻaila ʻokoʻa

Lawe ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka kuke ʻana. He mau momona koʻikoʻi lākou e hāʻawi ana i nā pono olakino a he pani maikaʻi ia no nā momona momona. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "ʻaila ʻaila" he huaʻōlelo maʻamau e pili ana i kahi hui o nā ʻaila i unuhi ʻia mai nā kumu kanu like ʻole. Ma kēia ʻāpana, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano ʻaila ʻaila like ʻole i loaʻa ma ka mākeke.

Na Aa o na Aila Huaai

ʻAilana soya ua hoʻohana nui ʻia a ua lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā aila mea kanu maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kaulana i nā makahiki 1900 mua a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa i nā huahana like ʻole e like me ka ʻiʻo a me nā mea hana waiu, a me ka wahie diesel.

Mai ka mea kanu a i ka aila: ka hana ʻana i nā aila lauʻai

Lawe ʻia nā aila ʻai mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu, me nā ʻanoʻano, nā huaʻai, a me nā nati. ʻEkolu kumu nui o ka unuhi ʻana:

• Mechanical extraction: ʻO kēia ʻano hana ke kaomi ʻana i ka mea kanu no ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻaila. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā hua ʻaila e like me ka soybeans, ka pīni, a me nā hua sunflower. ʻO ka ʻaila i hana ʻia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mīkini ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi a manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka kūlohelohe ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.

• Hoʻoheheʻe Solvent: ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe, e like me ka hexane, e unuhi i ka ʻaila mai ka mea kanu. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā hua ʻaila e like me ka canola a me ka rapeseed. ʻO ka ʻaila i hana ʻia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he mea maʻamau ka emi o ke kumukūʻai akā hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka solvent.

• ʻO ka ʻili kemika: ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika e unuhi i ka ʻaila mai ka mea kanu. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā hua ʻaila e like me ke kulina a me ka soybeans. ʻO ka ʻaila i hana ʻia ma o ka ʻili ʻana kemika, he haʻahaʻa loa ka maikaʻi a loaʻa paha ka nui o nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia.

Hoʻoponopono a hana

Ke lawe ʻia ka ʻaila, e hana ia e hana i ka huahana hope. Hoʻololi ke ʻano hana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻaila a me ka huahana hopena i makemake ʻia. Eia nā ʻanuʻu maʻamau i ka hana ʻana i nā aila meaʻai:

• Degumming: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e wehe i nā mea haumia, e like me ka phospholipids, mai ka ʻaila.

• Neutralization: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻakika momona manuahi mai ka ʻaila.

• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e wehe i nā puaʻa kala mai ka ʻaila.

• Deodorization: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka wehe ʻana i kekahi ʻala mai ka ʻaila.

• Hydrogenation: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydrogen i ka ʻaila e hoʻonui ai i kona helu heheʻe a paʻa. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ka margarine a me nā huahana kuke paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hydrogenation ke hopena i ka hana ʻana i nā momona trans, i pili i ka maʻi puʻuwai.

Nā ʻenehana hana ʻokoʻa

Ma waho aʻe o nāʻano hana maʻamau o ka hanaʻana, aia nāʻano hana'ē aʻe e lilo i mea kaulana i waena o nā mea kūʻai eʻimi nei i nā huahana kūlohelohe a mau loa. Aia kēia mau ʻenehana:

• ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻuwila: ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi e wāwahi i ka mea kanu a wehe i ka ʻaila. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka hana liʻiliʻi.

• ʻO Ghani extraction: ʻO kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻenehana kuʻuna India e unuhi i ka ʻaila. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka hana liʻiliʻi a hana i ka ʻaila kiʻekiʻe.

• ʻO ke kalapona kalapona: ʻO kēia ʻano hana e hoʻohana ai i ka carbon dioxide e unuhi i ka ʻaila mai ka mea kanu. He ala ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi akā hana ka ʻaila kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā solvents a i ʻole kemika.

• Ka wehe ʻana i ka aila hydrogenated hapa: ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻaila hydrogenated hapa mai nā huahana meaʻai ma muli o ko lākou loulou i ka maʻi puʻuwai.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana me ka ʻaila meaʻai: kahi ʻano ʻono a maikaʻi hoʻi

ʻO ka kuke ʻana me ka ʻaila meaʻai ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aila i loaʻa mai nā mea kanu ma mua o nā momona holoholona e like me ka pata. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻaila meaʻai i ka kuke ʻana a he mea nui i ka mākeke. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "ʻaila ʻaila" kahi pōkole no nā ʻano ʻaila i loaʻa mai nā kumu kanu like ʻole. Aia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Kahi huila
• ʻO kaʻaila kulina
• ʻAilana soya
• ʻO ka hinuʻaila

He aha nā ʻaila meaʻai maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka kuke ʻana?

ʻO nā ʻaila meaʻai maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka kuke ʻana:

• ʻAila Soy: ʻO kēia ʻaila ka ʻaila meaʻai maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
• ʻO ka ʻaila Canola: He ʻono kūʻokoʻa kēia ʻaila a he wahi uwahi kiʻekiʻe, e lilo ia i koho kaulana no ka palai a me ka kuke ʻana.
• ʻO ka ʻaila ʻoliva: Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻaila i ka meaʻai Mediterranean a he ʻono ʻokoʻa kona hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ʻono o nā kīʻaha.
• ʻAila Pāma: Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻaila i nā meaʻai i hoʻoponopono ʻia a pili pū me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau.

He ola kino maoli anei ka aila huaai?

Ua kūʻai ʻia nā ʻaila meaʻai ma ke ʻano he ʻano olakino maikaʻi i nā ʻaila kuke kuʻuna no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hou ʻana ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻai ʻana i nā aila mea kanu no ko mākou kino e like me kā mākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ai. Eia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai:

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka poʻe akamai i ka ʻaila meaʻai

Wahi a ka poʻe loea, ʻo nā pono olakino o nā aila meaʻai e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka aila a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai. ʻOiai ʻo kekahi mau ʻaila meaʻai, e like me ka aila soy, hiki ke loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i ka wā e ʻai ʻia ai me ka haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i pani no nā aila kuke kuʻuna wale nō.

Ka hopena o ka aila huaai

Hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā aila meaʻai ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai:

• ʻO ka ʻaila ʻaila ka mea i hana nui ʻia mai nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono lākou i ka ʻāina, ka wai, a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe e ulu ai. Hiki i ka hana nui ʻana o nā aila meaʻai ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ululāʻau, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka lepo, a me ka nalowale o nā mea olaola.
• Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana pinepine ʻia nā aila meaʻai me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu a me nā kumu waiwai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā momona holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻaila hinu. 'O ia ho'i, he ha'aha'a ko lākou kapua'i kalapona a mana'o 'ia he 'oi aku ka ho'omau.
• Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka hopena kūlohelohe maoli o ka hana ʻaila ʻaila ma muli o ke ʻano o ka aila a me nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia. No ka laʻana, makemake kekahi mau ʻaila i ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​pesticides ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, aʻo kekahi e hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila a i ʻole ka halihali.

Kuke a hoʻohana

ʻAʻole pau ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o nā aila mea kanu i ka hana ʻana. Eia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila meaʻai:

• Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila no ka kuke ʻana a me ka palai ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohaumia i ka ea a kōkua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau. No ka mea, hoʻokuʻu ka ʻaila ʻaila i nā mea hoʻohuihui maʻemaʻe (VOC) ke hoʻomehana ʻia, hiki ke hana me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka lewa e hana i ka smog.
• Eia hou, hiki i ka aila kuke hoʻohana ke kumu nui o ka ʻōpala a me ka haumia. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu, hoʻopōʻino i nā holoholona hihiu, a hoʻohaumia i nā kumu wai ke hoʻolei pono ʻia i ka aila kuke.
• Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ala e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o ka aila kuke. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻaila kiʻekiʻe me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka uahi hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā VOC i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā kuke. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu pono ʻana i ka aila kuke i hoʻohana hou ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana ia mea no ka biodiesel hiki ke kōkua.

ʻO nā kulu a me nā pōʻino

ʻO ka hope, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā pōʻino i ka wā e pili ana i nā aila meaʻai. Eia kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ke kaiapuni ka ʻaila ʻaila. ʻAʻole like me nā aila ʻaila, hiki i nā aila meaʻai ke hoʻopau i ka oxygen i loko o ka wai a hoʻopilikia i ke ola wai. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea ʻawaʻawa i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona ke ʻai ʻia a ʻai ʻia paha.
• ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻaila meaʻai ma mua o nā ʻaila o ka ʻaila, hiki nō ke hana. Hiki i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā kahe a hoʻemi i ko lākou hopena. Hāʻawi ka Environment Protection Agency i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī e pili ana i nā ʻaila ʻaila no nā aila meaʻai a me nā aila ʻē aʻe.
• Eia hou, ke hana ʻia nei ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algae e hana ai i nā aila meaʻai. ʻO kēia ʻano hana ʻaila hou he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hopena o ke kaiapuni ma mua o nā hana kuʻuna, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​kumu wai a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻopuka i nā huahana pōʻino. Eia naʻe, he wahi hou kēia o ka noiʻi ʻana a pono e hana hou ʻia nā hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā koi a me nā hopena o kēia ʻano ʻaila hou.

I ka hopena, hiki i nā aila meaʻai ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma mua o nā momona holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻaila i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻaila, pono lākou e noʻonoʻo pono a hoʻolālā e hōʻemi i ko lākou hopena.

Panina

No laila, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā aila meaʻai a no ke aha lākou e pono ai. 

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā lākou no ka kuke ʻana, a i ʻole he ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā aila kuke kuʻuna e like me ka pata. Eia kekahi, maikaʻi lākou no kou olakino, no laila no ke aha e hoʻāʻo ʻole ai?

E nānā i kā mākou puke kuke hou

ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻo Bitemybun me ka papa hoʻolālā meaʻai piha a me ke alakaʻi papa ʻaina.

E hoʻāʻo iā ia no ka manuahi me Kindle Unlimited:

Heluhelu manuahi

ʻO Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu ʻo Bite My Bun kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne a makemake i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai hou me ka meaʻai Kepanī ma ka puʻuwai o kona kuko, a me kāna hui e hana ana ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2016 e kōkua i nā poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa. me nā meaʻai a me nā ʻōlelo kuke kuke.