Chuka: Kodi Chuka Ryori Amatanthauza Chiyani mu Zakudya zaku Japan?

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Zasinthidwa Novembala 6, 2022

Japanese Zakudya zaku China kapena Chuka ndi mtundu wa zakudya zaku Japan zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi malo odyera achi China omwe amadziwika ku Japan kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 komanso posachedwa.

Pali chisokonezo chachikulu pamene onse a ku Japan ndi a ku China amakana kuti chakudyachi ndi cha zakudya zawo, komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti chakudyachi chimapezeka makamaka ku Japan, ngakhale tsopano chikudziwikanso ku Asia konse kuchokera ku Japan monga "zakudya za ku Japan".

Zakudya izi ndizosiyananso ndi zakudya zamakono zaku Chinatown ku Japan, mwachitsanzo Yokohama Chinatown.

Zakudya za ku Japan zimadziwika ndi kukoma kwake komanso zakudya zapadera, koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mawu akuti “chuka” amachokera kuti?

Chuka amatanthauza Chinese mu Japanese zakudya. Ndi mawu obwereka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza chakudya cha ku Japan chokhudzidwa ndi China. Mawu akuti “chuka” amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za zakudya zofanana ndi zakudya za ku China, kapena zimene zaphikidwa m’njira ya Chitchaina.

Tiyeni tione liwu lakuti “chuka” ndi mmene limagwiritsidwira ntchito mu zakudya za ku Japan.

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Chuka Ryori: Mbiri

Chuka Ryori, kutanthauza "zakudya zaku China," ndi kalembedwe kazakudya zaku Japan zomwe zidachokera ku zakudya zaku China zomwe zidasinthidwa kwazaka zambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi kukoma kwa anthu aku Japan. M'mbiri yakale, Chuka Ryori amatenga gawo lalikulu pazachikhalidwe pakati pa China ndi Japan.

Mawu akuti “chūka” ndi mawu achidule ofotokoza za m’zaka za m’ma 17, pamene Apwitikizi anabweretsa kanji ka mawu akuti “China” ku Japan. Chuka Ryori adatumizidwa koyamba m'mizinda yamadoko monga Nagasaki, komwe amalonda aku China komanso ophika adalemba ganyu kuti athandizire kukhazikitsa malo odyera omwe amadyera makasitomala aku Japan anjala.

Chisinthiko ndi Kukula kwa Chuka Ryori ku Japan

Chuka Ryori, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Chūka Ryori, ndi mawu achijapani omwe amatanthauza "zakudya zaku China." Zinachokera ku mgwirizano waubwenzi pakati pa Japan ndi China kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri aku China abwere ndikukhazikitsa Chinatown m'mizinda ikuluikulu yaku Japan ngati Yokohama. Chuka Ryori poyambilira adakhazikika muzakudya zaku Beijing, koma zidasintha mwachangu ndikuphatikiza zakudya zaku China zakumadera osiyanasiyana, monga Szechuan kapena Sichuan, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kununkhira kolimba mtima.

Kuchepa Kwachidule ndi Kuyambiranso kwa Chuka Ryori

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kutchuka kwa Chuka Ryori kudatsika kwambiri, koma nkhondo itatha, chilakolako cha chakudya cha ku China chinakula. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mashopu ambiri a Chuka Ryori atsegulidwe, monga Rairaiken, yomwe idatsegulidwa ku Shinjuku, ndi Nakamuraya, yomwe idagulitsa buledi wamtundu waku China. Kubwerera kwa asitikali ndi okhazikika ochokera ku China kunabweretsanso kukoma kwa Chuka Ryori, ndipo adakhazikitsa malo ogulitsa m'misika yakuda akupereka mbale yawo yosayina, jiaozi, yomwe ndi ma dumplings owiritsa komanso amatafuna.

Njira Zachikhalidwe ndi Zopereka Zosiyana za Chuka Ryori

Jiaozi yamtundu wa Chimandarini idatchuka mwachangu m'mabanja aku Japan chifukwa inali yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kupanga. Chuka Ryori tsopano amatengedwa ngati chakudya chapadera ku Japan, ndipo amatanthauza zakudya zaku China zomwe zatenga mbali zina zazakudya zaku Japan. Zokometsera ndi njira zophikira zasintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda za ku Japan, koma kusiyana pakati pa zakudya zaku China zakudera kumakhalabe. Zina mwazosakaniza zosangalatsa zomwe zimapezeka ku Chuka Ryori ndi izi:

• Gyoza, omwe ndi dumplings okazinga poto omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri mu zakudya za ku Japan
• Shaoxing, mtundu wa vinyo wa mpunga waku China womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zambiri za Chuka Ryori
• Ramen, supu ya Zakudyazi za ku Japan zomwe zimachokera ku zakudya zaku China
• Mapo tofu, chakudya chokometsera cha Szechuan chomwe chasanduka mbale yotchuka ya Chuka Ryori ku Japan

The Contemporary Incorporation ya Chuka Ryori

Chuka Ryori wabwera kutali kuyambira pomwe adabadwa ku Japan. Masiku ano, ndi zakudya zomwe zimaphatikiza zokometsera zaku China ndi Japan komanso njira zophikira. Malo ambiri odyera a Chuka Ryori amakhazikika pakukonzanso zakudya zaku China, pomwe ena amapereka zakudya zamakono zomwe zimakhala ndi zosakaniza zaku China ndi Japan. Liwu lakuti “Chuka” lakhala chiganizo chofala ponena za chirichonse chimene chili ndi chisonkhezero cha Chitchaina ku Japan, ndipo ndi umboni wa chiyambukiro chosatha cha Chuka Ryori pa zakudya za ku Japan.

Chen Kenmin ndi ndani?

Chen Kenmin ndi wodziwika bwino muzakudya zaku Japan, makamaka pophika ngati Szechuan. Amadziwika kuti amabweretsa zokometsera zamoto komanso zowona za Szechuan ku Japan ndikuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda zakomweko.

Moyo Woyambirira ndi Ntchito

Chen Kenmin anabadwira ku Szechuan, China, koma anasamukira ku Japan mu 1957. Anatsegula malo odyera ku Tokyo's Imperial Hotel, kumene poyamba ankaganizira za kusintha zakudya za kwawo kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda za ku Japan. Komabe, posakhalitsa anasintha maganizo ake pa kuphika kwa Szechuan.

Zodziwika bwino

Kupambana kwakukulu kwa Chen Kenmin kudabwera mu 1983 pomwe adawonekera pa TV, ndikuyambitsa mbale yake yotchuka, Mabodōfu, kwa amayi apakhomo aku Japan. Chakudyachi, chomwe chimapezeka mosavuta m'masitolo akuluakulu masiku ano, chinachepetsa zokometsera zamafuta a Szechuan kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda za ku Japan. Chen adavomereza poyera kuti adayika mbale zake, koma kusinthidwa kwake kwa mbale zokondedwa za Szechuan, monga Mapo Tofu, zinathandizira kwambiri kukopa kwawo ndi chikondi ku Japan.

Chen Kenmin's Cookbook ndi Zakudya Zotchuka

Chen Kenmin amadziwikanso ndi buku lake lophika, "Shisen Hanten," lomwe lili ndi zakudya zake zambiri zotchuka, kuphatikiza:

• Mapo Tofu: Nkhumba, leeks, ndi masamba a adyo sanasiyidwe, zokometsera zophikidwa mosavuta zophikidwa mosavuta pamimba ya nkhumba yophikidwa mu msuzi wokometsera.
• Mapo Ebi: Kutengera kwa Mapo Tofu, mbale iyi imakhala ndi shrimp yothira ketchup, yolks ya dzira, ndi msuzi wa doubanjiandan.
• Dan Dan Noodles: Zakudya zokometsera zokometsera zokhala ndi nyama ya nkhumba, phala la sesame, ndi mafuta a chilili, zokhala ndi scallions ndi tsabola wa Szechuan.

Kuwonjezera kwa Chen Kenmin kwa mirin ku mtundu wake wa Mapo Tofu kumapereka kununkhira kocheperako, pomwe kuwonjezera rayu kumathandizira odya kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Kutengera kwake Mapo Ebi ndi shrimp komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ketchup ndi yolk ya dzira kuti azitha kununkhira kumasangalatsanso owerenga odziwa zakudya zaku Japan.

Ponseponse, chikondi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa Chen Kenmin posintha zakudya za Szechuan kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda zakomweko zathandizira kwambiri kukopa kwa maphikidwe a Szechuan ku Japan.

Komwe Mungapeze Malo Odyera ku Chuka Ryori?

Malo odyera a Chuka Ryori amapezeka ku Japan konse, mosasamala za kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena chigawo. Komabe, madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo odyera ambiri a Chuka Ryori. Ena mwamalo abwino oti mupeze malo odyera a Chuka Ryori ndi awa:

• Ali mumsewu wotanganidwa: Malo odyera ku Chuka Ryori nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'misewu yodutsa anthu ambiri, komwe amatha kukopa makasitomala ambiri. Komabe, masitolo opanda phokoso amathanso kupezeka m'malo akale, omwe ali ndi zibowo-pakhoma zokhala ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zakale.
• Malo odyera oyandikana nawo osawoneka bwino: Malo ena odyera abwino kwambiri a Chuka Ryori ndi osawoneka bwino komanso oyandikana nawo, amadyetsedwa ndi anthu am'deralo ndikufikira pakamwa. Malo odyerawa sangakhale ogulitsidwa kwambiri, koma amapereka kukoma kwenikweni kwa Chuka Ryori.
• Chakudya chapadziko lonse lapansi: Malo ena odyera wamba mdziko lonse, monga Bamiyan, Gyoza no Ousho, Hidakaya, ndi Tofu no Mapo, amapereka mbale za Chuka Ryori pamamenyu awo. Unyolo uwu nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'malo ogulitsira ndipo amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayikidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zokonda za dera.

Malo Odyera Apadera a Chuka Ryori

Malo ena odyera a Chuka Ryori amakhazikika pazakudya kapena zigawo. Malo odyerawa amapereka chodyeramo chapadera ndipo muyenera kufunafuna ngati mumakonda Chuka Ryori. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Mashopu a Ramen: Ramen ndi mbale yotchuka ya Chuka Ryori yomwe nthawi zambiri imadyedwa usiku. Mashopu ena a ramen amapereka zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, monga nkhumba, shrimp, mazira, ndi gyozanikuman yokazinga.
• Malo odyera ku Donburi: Donburi ndi mbale ya mpunga yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nyama kapena nsomba zam'madzi. Malo ena odyera a donburi amakonda zakudya za Chuka Ryori, monga biringanya ndi tsabola wophikidwa ndi nkhumba kapena shrimp.
• Izakayas: Izakayas ndi malo ogulitsira achi Japan omwe amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Chuka Ryori. Malo odyerawa nthawi zambiri amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingathe kugawidwa pakati pa gulu, monga bokosi la bento kapena mbale ya banja.

Kuphatikiza Chuka Ryori ndi Zakumwa

Zakudya za Chuka Ryori zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mowa ndi vinyo. Ku Japan, vinyo wa Shaoxing ndi Huangjiu wokalamba ndi zosankha zodziwika bwino pakuphatikiza mbale za Chuka Ryori. Mbiri yakale ya zakumwazi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakutchuka kwawo, chifukwa adabweretsedwa ku Japan ndi akatswiri omwe adaphunzira za Kanji ndi zinthu zatsopano zochokera ku China kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Malo ena odyera a Chuka Ryori amapereka zakumwa zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi ubale pakati pa Japan ndi China.

Ndi Maphikidwe Otani Odziwika a Chuka Ryori?

Mapo Tofu ngati Szechuan ndi chakudya chokometsera komanso chokometsera chomwe chinachokera ku China koma chasinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi zokonda za ku Japan. Zimapangidwa ndi tofu, nkhumba ya nkhumba, ndi msuzi wokometsera wopangidwa ndi doubanjiang (phala la nyemba), tsabola wa Szechuan, ndi mafuta a chili. Chakudyachi ndi chokondedwa pakati pa anthu am'deralo ndipo amatha kukumana nawo m'malesitilanti ambiri a Chuka Ryori.

Gyoza

Gyoza ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha ku Japan chomwe chinachokera ku China. Ndi mtundu wa dumpling womwe nthawi zambiri umadzazidwa ndi nkhumba, kabichi, ndi adyo chives. Ma dumplings amawotchedwa pan-fried mpaka crispy ndipo amatumizidwa ndi msuzi wothira wopangidwa ndi soya msuzi, viniga wa mpunga, ndi mafuta a chili. Gyoza amakonda kwambiri anthu ammudzi ndipo amapezeka m'malesitilanti ambiri a Chuka Ryori.

Shrimp ndi Mazira Bowl

Shrimp ndi Egg Bowl, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Ebi-don, ndi mbale yotchuka ya Chuka Ryori yomwe imakhala ndi shrimp ndi mazira ophwanyidwa omwe amaperekedwa pa mbale ya mpunga. Chakudyacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi msuzi wokoma komanso wokoma wopangidwa ndi msuzi wa soya, mirin, ndi shuga. Chakudyachi chimapezeka m'malesitilanti ambiri a Chuka Ryori ndipo amakonda kwambiri anthu am'deralo.

Gyozanikuman

Gyozanikuman ndi mtundu wa mbale ya Chuka Ryori yomwe imaphatikizapo gyoza ndi nikuman (mabuzi odzaza ndi nyama). Ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha mumsewu ku Japan ndipo chimapezeka m'malesitilanti ambiri a Chuka Ryori. Chakudyacho chimapangidwa poyika gyoza ndikudzaza mu bun wowotcha ndikuwotcha poto mpaka crispy.

Mpunga Wokazinga

Fried Rice, womwe umadziwikanso kuti Chahan, ndi mbale yotchuka ya Chuka Ryori yomwe imakhala ndi mpunga wokazinga wosakanikirana ndi masamba, nyama, ndi mazira. Chakudyacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokongoletsedwa ndi msuzi wa soya ndipo chimapezeka m'malesitilanti ambiri a Chuka Ryori.

Localized Chuka Ryori

Chuka Ryori adakhazikitsidwa ku Japan kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe anthu aku Japan amakonda, posatengera kukula kwa chigawo kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mashopu ena a Chuka Ryori ali m'misewu yotanganidwa pomwe ena amakhala m'malo opanda phokoso. Zipangizo zamashopuwa zimasiyana kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumalo amtundu wapakhoma. Mosasamala mtundu wa kukhazikitsidwa, kujambula kwenikweni ndi chakudya, chomwe chadyetsa anthu ammudzi kwa zaka zambiri. Ena mwa maunyolo otchuka a Chuka Ryori ku Japan akuphatikizapo Bamiyan, Ousho, ndi Hidakaya, omwe amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa Chuka Ryori.

Kutsiliza

Chuka ali ndi matanthauzo ambiri m'Chijapani, koma chofala kwambiri ndi Chitchaina. Angatanthauzenso zachilendo, zachilendo, kapena zosazoloŵereka.

Ndicho chifukwa chake zingawoneke ngati chakudya chosadziwika, koma chakhala chizoloŵezi cha chikhalidwe cha ku Japan.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.