Chakudya Choziziritsa: Chowonadi Chodabwitsa Chokhudza Mtengo Wazakudya

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 3, 2022

Kuzizira kumateteza chakudya mwa kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi, mpweya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa kuwonongeka. Amachepetsanso mphamvu ya michere yomwe imapangitsa kuti chakudya chiwonongeke.

M'nkhaniyi, ndikufotokozerani zomwe zimachitika mukazizira chakudya komanso momwe mungachitire mosamala.

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Kuzizira: Wopambana Pakusunga Chakudya

Kuzizira ndi njira yachangu komanso yosavuta yosungira chakudya yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale. Sir Francis Bacon, wanthanthi Wachingelezi, anadwala chibayo chakupha pamene ankayesa kuika nkhuku ndi chipale chofewa kuti itetezeke. Mwamwayi, tafika patali kuchokera nthawi imeneyo ndipo zakudya zowundana zamalonda zikugulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Umu ndi momwe kuzizira kumathandizire kusunga chakudya:

• Kuchedwetsa kuyenda kwa tizilombo tating’onoting’ono: Kuzizira kumachepetsa kuyenda kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'zakudya ndikusunga zomwe zili muzakudya zachisanu kukhala zotetezeka kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Ntchito ya ma enzyme imachepa kwambiri: Kuzizira kumapangitsa kuti ma enzyme achepe kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka komanso kuchedwetsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
• Madzi aundana: Kuundana kwa madzi m’zakudya kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisalowe n’kuwononga. Madzi akaundana amasanduka ayezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudyazo zikhale zotetezeka.
• Kuzizira: Kuzizira kumapangitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kukhala malo ogona, zomwe zimasunga chakudya ndikuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
• Zakudya za Gourmet: Kuzizira ndi njira yabwino yosungira zakudya zabwino zomwe sizipezeka chaka chonse. Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti chakudyacho chisamayende bwino komanso kuti chikhale chotetezeka mpaka zitakonzeka kuperekedwa.
• Masamba ndi Zipatso: Kuzizira masamba ndi zipatso kumathandizira kusunga kufunikira kwake kwa michere ndikusunga mawonekedwe ake. Izi zimathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana chaka chonse.
• Ayisikilimu: Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti ayisikilimu asamawonongeke posunga kuti azizizira komanso kuti asasungunuke.

Kodi kuzizira kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kuzizira kumagwira ntchito pothandizira kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa kuwonongeka. Chakudya chikaundana, madzi amene ali mmenemo amasanduka ayezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisamangokhala. Izi zimateteza chakudya ndikuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.

Kodi kuzizira kumathandiza bwanji kuti chakudya chikhale cholimba?

Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti chakudya chikhale cholimba motere:

• Kuchedwetsa ntchito ya ma enzyme: Kuzizira kumachepetsa ntchito ya ma enzyme, yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka ndikuchedwetsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
• Kusunga kufunika kwa michere: Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti zakudya zisamawonongeke, makamaka masamba ndi zipatso.
• Kusunga kapangidwe kake: Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti chakudya chizikhala chokhazikika, makamaka masamba ndi zipatso.
• Kuthandiza kusunga zakudya zabwino kwambiri: Kuzizira ndi njira yabwino yosungira zakudya zabwino zomwe sizipezeka chaka chonse. Kuzizira kumathandiza kuti chakudyacho chisamayende bwino komanso kuti chikhale chotetezeka mpaka zitakonzeka kuperekedwa.

Kodi pali zina zilizonse zomwe zingasiyanitse pazakudya zomwe zitha kuzizira?

Zakudya zambiri zimatha kuzizira bwino, kupatula:

• Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, monga letesi, nkhaka, ndi mavwende. Zakudya izi zimakonda kukhala mushy zikazizira.
• Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, monga zonona ndi mayonesi. Zakudya izi zimakonda kupatukana zikazizira.
• Mazira azungu ophika amakhala ngati rubbery akazizira.

Malangizo Ozizira

Nawa maupangiri okuthandizani kuti muziundana chakudya mosamala:

• Muzizizira chakudya mukangokolola kapena kugula.
• Lembetsani ndi deti zakudya zonse zozizira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zotengera zotetezedwa mufiriji kapena zikwama.
• Chotsani mpweya wochuluka momwe mungathere m'mitsuko kapena m'matumba kuti mafiriji asapse.
• Musayimitsenso chakudya chomwe chasungunuka.
• Sungani bwino chakudya chozizira kuti mupewe matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya.

Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zozizira Zopangira Zakudya ndi Zamasamba

Pankhani ya kuzizira zakudya ndi ndiwo zamasamba, pali njira zingapo zomwe zilipo. Njira iliyonse imafunikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira, ndi momwe zimasungidwira, ndipo zimatha kukhudza ubwino ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nayi mitundu yayikulu ya njira zoziziritsira:

• Kuzizira Kokhazikika: Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yoziziritsira, ndipo imaphatikizapo kungoyika chakudya kapena masamba mufiriji kuti pakhale kutentha kochepa. Njirayi ndi yoyenera pamitundu yambiri ya zokolola, koma imatha kukhudza kapangidwe ndi kulimba kwa zakudya zina.

• Kuzizira Kwambiri: Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuziziritsa chakudya kapena ndiwo zamasamba pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa kanthawi kochepa. Izi zimathandiza kusunga mawonekedwe ndi zakudya zomwe zili muzokolola, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamtengo wapatali.

• Kuzizira Kwambiri: Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa madzi onse muzakudya kapena ndiwo zamasamba musanaziwuze. Izi zingathandize kukulitsa moyo wa alumali wa mankhwalawo, koma zingakhudzenso maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa zokololazo.

Ntchito Yozizira Pamsika Wazakudya

Kuzizira kumatenga gawo lalikulu pamsika wazakudya, ndipo pafupifupi matani 20 miliyoni a chakudya ndi masamba amaundana chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi. Kuzizira ndi gawo lamphamvu komanso laukadaulo, lomwe lili ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zomwe opanga amapanga. Kuzizira kumalola kuti zokolola zatsopano zizipezeka nthawi zonse, komanso kumaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya ndi njira zopangira. Kuzizira kumakhalanso ndi gawo lalikulu pakuwonetsetsa kuti zakudya zili zotetezeka komanso zabwino, zomwe zimapereka njira yabwino komanso yothandiza yosungira ndi kunyamula zakudya ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Kodi Chakudya Chomwe Chimachitika Ndi Chiyani Chikazizira?

Chakudya chikaundana, madzi a m’kati mwake amasanduka ayezi. Kusintha kwa madzi kungayambitse kusintha kwa mankhwala muzakudya, makamaka zamasamba. Nazi zina mwa zosintha zomwe zimachitika:

• Makristasi a ayezi omwe amapanga panthawi yachisanu amatha kuwononga kapangidwe ka chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa maonekedwe ndi khalidwe.
• Ma enzymes omwe amagwira ntchito muzokolola zatsopano amatha kuwonongeka kapena kuchedwetsedwa ndi kuzizira, komwe kumatha kusokoneza chilengedwe chomwe chimatulutsa mtundu, kakomedwe, ndi kapangidwe komwe mukufuna.
• Kuzizira kozizira kungayambitsenso kusintha kwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chakudya, komanso zamoyo ndi mankhwala omwe alipo.

Shuga ndi Wowuma

Kuzizira kozizira kungathenso kukhudza shuga ndi wowuma zomwe zili m'zakudya. Nazi zina mwa zosintha zomwe zimachitika:

• Chakudya chikawumitsidwa, shuga amatha kutulutsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira. Izi zitha kubweretsa kukoma kokoma pang'ono.
• Wowuma mu chakudya amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuzizira. Chakudya chikawumitsidwa, mamolekyu a wowuma amatha kusweka ndikusintha kaonekedwe ka chakudyacho.

Mapuloteni ndi Enzymes

Kuzizira kozizira kumatha kukhudzanso mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme omwe ali m'zakudya. Nazi zina mwa zosintha zomwe zimachitika:

• Chakudya chikaumitsidwa, mamolekyu a mapuloteni amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a chakudyacho. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale cholimba kapena chouma.
• Ma enzyme omwe amapezeka m'zakudya amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi kuzizira. Chakudya chikawumitsidwa, ma enzymes amatha kuchepa mphamvu kapena kuwonongeka, zomwe zingasokoneze kakomedwe ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya.

Kuwongolera ndi Kusunga Moyenera

Kuti muchepetse kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kusunga chakudya moyenera. Nawa malangizo ena:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zotengera kapena zokutira zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizizizira kuti musasungidwe molakwika.
• Chotsani mpweya wochuluka momwe mungathere mu chidebe kapena kukulunga kuti mafiriji asapse.
• Muziundana chakudya mwachangu momwe mungathere kuti makristasi akuluakulu a ayezi asapangike.
• Sungani chakudya chozizira pa kutentha koyenera kuti chikhale chozizira komanso kuti chisasungunuke ndi kuziziranso.
• Pophika chakudya chozizira, m'pofunika kutsatira njira zoyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zaphikidwa bwino komanso motetezeka.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuzizira Kumasintha Kapangidwe ka Chakudya?

Chakudya chikaikidwa mufiriji, madzi amene amapezeka m’zakudya amayamba kuzizira, n’kupanga madzi oundana. Makhiristo amenewa angayambitse kusintha kwa kaonekedwe ka chakudyacho, kupangitsa kuti chikhale cholimba, cholimba, kapena ngakhale mushy chikasungunuka. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo wa ayezi zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza izi:

• Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe chakudya chachisanu
• Kutentha kumene chakudyacho chimazizira
• Mtundu wa chakudya chowumitsidwa

Kuwonongeka kwa Mafoni

Kuzizira ndi kusungunuka kungawononge maselo a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Madzi akaundana, amakula, ndipo kufutukuka kumeneku kungathe kuswa makoma a maselo a chakudyacho. Chakudyacho chikasungunuka, maselo sangathe kusunga mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofewa. Kuonjezera apo, ma enzymes ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'zakudya amatha kuwonongeka panthawi yachisanu, ndikupangitsanso kusintha kwa chakudya.

Kusintha kwa Kapangidwe ka Nyama

Nyama ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino chomwe chimasinthasintha mawonekedwe akazizira. Kuzizira kozizira kumapangitsa madzi mu nyama kupanga makristasi oundana, omwe amatha kusokoneza ma cell a nyama. Chifukwa chake, nyamayo imatha kukhala yolimba komanso yocheperako ikaphikidwa. Pofuna kupangitsa kuti nyama yowunda ikhale yabwino, ndi bwino kuikonzekera musanazizira powonjezera marinades kapena zokometsera zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa kukoma.

Kukulitsa Mapindu a Maonekedwe

Ngakhale kuzizira kumatha kusintha kapangidwe ka chakudya, pali njira zothandizira kuchepetsa kusinthaku ndikuwonjezera phindu la kuzizira. Malangizo ena othandiza ndi awa:

• Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yoziziritsira pazakudya zenizeni
• Kukonzekera chakudya mankhwala pamaso kuzizira, monga blanching masamba
• Kuwonjezera sauces kapena mankhwala ena kuti ateteze kapangidwe ka chakudya
• Kutumikira chakudya chozizira m'njira yotengera mawonekedwe ake atsopano, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zozizira mu smoothies kapena kugwiritsa ntchito masamba oundana mu supu kapena mphodza.

Ponseponse, kuzizira ndi njira yokhazikika yopangira chakudya yomwe ingathandize kusunga zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi. Ngakhale kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kumatha kuchitika, kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kusinthaku kungakuthandizeni kukonzekera bwino komanso kusangalala ndi zakudya zachisanu.

Kufunika kwa Thanzi la Zakudya Zozizira: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Pankhani ya kuzizira masamba ndi zipatso, ndondomekoyi ingathandize kuti zakudya zikhale ndi thanzi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zoyenera kuti zakudya zisungidwe. Nazi mfundo zina zofunika kuzikumbukira:

• Muziundana zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba mukangokolola kapena kugula kuti musamawononge thanzi lawo.
• Njira zochiritsira monga blanching kapena steaming zingathandize kusunga zakudya zamasamba.
• Sungani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowuzidwa paziro madigiri Seshasi (-18 digiri Celsius) kapena m'munsi kuti zisungidwe bwino.
• Tsatirani njira zosungira zomwe zasungidwa pachovalacho kuti muwonetsetse kuti zakudyazo zasungidwa.
• Unikaninso zambiri zazakudya zomwe zili papaketi kuti muwonetsetse kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowumitsidwa akadali gwero labwino lazakudya zofunika.

Kuzizira nyama ndi nkhuku

Kuzizira nyama ndi nkhuku kungathandizenso kusunga thanzi lawo, koma m'pofunika kutsatira njira zosungirako ndi kuzizira bwino kuti zakudyazo ziwonongeke. Nazi mfundo zina zofunika kuzikumbukira:

• Muziundana nyama ndi nkhuku mukangogula kuti musunge thanzi lawo.
• Sungani nyama yachisanu ndi nkhuku paziro madigiri seshasi (-18 digiri Celsius) kapena kutsika kuti zisungidwe bwino.
• Tsatirani njira zosungira zomwe zasungidwa pachovalacho kuti muwonetsetse kuti zakudyazo zasungidwa.
• Pewani kuziziritsanso nyama ndi nkhuku chifukwa izi zingapangitse kusintha kwa thupi ndi zakudya.
• Unikaninso zambiri zazakudya zomwe zili papaketiyo kuti muwonetsetse kuti nyama yowuma ndi nkhuku zikadali gwero labwino lazakudya zofunika.

Mkonzi: Zakudya Zozizira ndi Kufunika Kwazakudya

Ngakhale kuzizira kungathandize kusunga phindu la zakudya, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti si zakudya zonse zozizira zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana. Zakudya zina zoziziritsa kukhosi zimatha kukhala ndi shuga wowonjezera, sodium, kapena zoteteza zomwe zingachepetse kudya kwawo. Mukamagula zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonanso zazakudya zomwe zili m'bokosilo ndikusankha zomwe sizingasinthidwe pang'ono komanso zokhala ndi zosakaniza zonse, zodzaza ndi michere.

Chakudya Choziziritsa: Malangizo ndi Zidule Zapamwamba Kwambiri

• Dulani nyama mzidutswa ting'onoting'ono kuti iwume mwachangu komanso mofanana.
• Dulani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kukula kwake musanazizizira.
• Kuziziritsa yophika mbale kwathunthu pamaso kuzizira.
• Chotsani mafuta ochulukirapo mu nyama musanazizidwe kuti mupewe kuzizira.
• Onjezerani msuzi wowonjezera kapena madzi ku mbale kuti zisaume panthawi yachisanu.

Kukulunga ndi Kusunga Zakudya Zozizira

• Gwiritsani ntchito zotengera zotha kuthanso kutha kapena matumba afiriji kuti musapse mufiriji.
• Lembani zotengera zokhala ndi mtundu wa chakudya ndi deti lowumitsidwa.
• Manga nyama mwamphamvu mu pulasitiki kapena zitsulo za aluminiyamu kuti musapse mufiriji.
• Sungani zakudya zozizira pakati pa mufiriji, pamene kutentha kumakhala kosasinthasintha.
• Osadzaza mufiriji- siyani malo kuti mpweya uziyenda.

Maupangiri a Mufiriji pazakudya zenizeni

• Ng'ombe ndi nkhumba: Ikani mu magawo omwe ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika, monga phukusi la 1-pounds.
• Zakudya zokonzekedwa: Muziundana m'gawo lililonse kuti muzidya mwachangu komanso mosavuta.
• Maapulo: Ikani mu magawo kuti mugwiritse ntchito pophika kapena ma smoothies.
• Masamba: Blanch musanazizira kuti muwonjezere moyo wa alumali ndikusunga bwino.
• Sauce: Ikani mu thireyi ya ice cube kuti mugawane mosavuta.
• Zokolola zatsopano: Mangirirani zokolola zina zisanachitike kuti mugwiritse ntchito mu smoothies kapena soups.

Zakudya Zozizira: Zomwe Simuyenera Kuziundana

Kuzizira ndi chida chachikulu chosungira chakudya ndikuwonjezera moyo wake wa alumali. Komabe, si zakudya zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kuzizira. Ngakhale kuzizira kumakhala kosavuta, pali zinthu zina zomwe sizingagwire ntchito. Nawa zolemba za akatswiri pazomwe muyenera kupewa kuzizira.

Zakudya Zomwe Siziyenera Kuzizira

• Mazira m’zigoba zawo: Kuzizira kwa mazira m’zigoba zawo kungawapangitse kusweka ndipo kungakhudzenso kaonekedwe ndi kakomedwe ka dziralo.
• Zakudya zokhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo: Zakudya zozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo, monga letesi, nkhaka, ndi mavwende, zimawapangitsa kukhala otuwa ndikutaya kununkhira kwake.
• Msuzi wokhuthala ndi wowuma: Msuzi wokhuthala ndi wowuma, monga chimanga kapena ufa, umasiyana n’kukhala njere ukaumitsidwa.
• Zakudya zokazinga: Zakudya zokazinga zimataya crispicy ndipo zimakhala zowawa zikazizira.
• Zamasamba zina: Anyezi, mwachitsanzo, amakhala mushy ndipo amataya kukoma kwawo akazizira.
• Zakudya zina za mkaka: Tchizi ukhoza kuphwanyika n’kusiya mmene amaundana akaumitsidwa, pamene mkaka ndi zonona zimatha kupatukana n’kukhala njere.
• Zakudya zina zotsekemera: Ma pie okhala ndi custard kapena zonona zonona amakhala madzi ndipo amataya mawonekedwe ake akazizira.
• Zakudya zina za nyama: Ng'ombe yophika ndi nyama ya Turkey imakhala yowuma ndikutaya kukoma ikazizira.
• Zakudya zina zowotcha: Mkate ndi makeke okhala ndi mafuta ambiri, monga ma croissants, amakhala osasunthika ndipo amataya mawonekedwe ake akazizira.
• Zinthu zina zopangira mafuta: Kuzizira kopangidwa ndi mafuta, monga mayonesi kapena masaladi, kumatha kuwapangitsa kulekana ndikukhala njere.

Malangizo a Kuzizira Chakudya

Ngakhale pali zakudya zina zomwe siziyenera kuzizira, palinso zakudya zambiri zomwe zimazizira bwino. Nawa maupangiri oziziritsa chakudya:

• Konzani chakudya kuti chizizizira pochidula m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono kapena kutsatira njira yoyenera kuzizira.
• Muziziziritsa chakudya musanaziwuze kuti chikhalebe cholimba.
• Sungani chakudyacho muzotengera zotsekera mpweya kapena m'matumba afiriji kuti mafiriji asapse.
• Lembani chakudyacho ndikulemba tsiku musanachisunge mufiriji.
• Lolani kuti chakudya chotentha chizizizira pang'ono chisanazizidwe kuti chisasokoneze kutentha kwa mufiriji.
• Muziundana chakudya mwachangu kuti chikhale chabwino.
• Mukamasunga chakudya mufiriji, dziwani kuti kutentha koyenera kuzizira ndi 0°F (-18°C).

Kutsiliza

Chifukwa chake, kuzizira sikupha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma kumachepetsa kuyenda kwawo ndikusunga chakudya chatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimasunganso mtengo wazakudya komanso zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka chaka chonse. Choncho, musaope kuzizira chakudya ndikusangalala ndi ubwino wake!

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.