Maku kapena "to roll" mu Japanese

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 26, 2022

Maku amatanthauza zinthu zambiri mu Chijapanizi, kumwaza kapena kuwaza mwachitsanzo, koma mutha kuzidziwa bwino zomwe tanthauzo lake linapanga: Maki sushi.

Maku angatanthauze nsalu yotchinga ngati “maku ga warui” (chinsalucho n’choipa) kapena “maku ga ii” (chinsalucho n’chabwino). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mneni, monga “Maku shimasu” (ndikhala ngati chinsalu). Ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawu ofotokozera, monga "Maku na hito" (munthu wopanda nsalu).

Maku amatanthauzanso kugudubuza mu Chijapanizi ndipo ndikomwe dzina la maki linachokera.

Kuti apange makizushi, mpunga wa sushi umayikidwa pa nori (zam'nyanja) ndikukulungidwa. Mpukutuwo umadulidwa muzidutswa ting'onoting'ono ndikutumikiridwa.

Makizushi ndi mbale yotchuka ya sushi chifukwa ndi yosavuta kudya ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kudzaza kofala kumaphatikizapo tuna, salimoni, nkhaka, ndi avocado. Makizushi amathanso kupangidwa ndi nsomba yophika kapena masamba.

Tiyeni tiwone matanthauzo onse osiyanasiyana a maku in Chikhalidwe cha ku Japan.

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Kuvumbula Tanthauzo la Chimaku mu Chijapanizi

Maku ndi mawu achijapani olembedwa kanji kuti "幕." Kanji weniweniyo wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziŵiri: “mu” (kutanthauza “chinsalu”) ndi “aku” (kutanthauza “malingaliro” kapena “kutumiza”). Onse pamodzi, amapanga tanthawuzo la "lingaliro la nsalu," lomwe lingatanthauzidwe kuti "kutanthauzira lingaliro la nsalu yotchinga."

Lingaliro la Maku mu Mawu ndi Chikhalidwe cha Chijapani

Mawu akuti "maku" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo mu Chijapanizi, kuphatikizapo:

• Chotchinga: Monga tanenera poyamba paja, mawu akuti “maku” angatanthauze nsalu yotchinga, yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri m’kamangidwe kakale ka ku Japan komanso m’mabwalo a zisudzo.

• Kugawikana kapena kupatukana: M’chikhalidwe cha ku Japan, mawu akuti “maku” angatanthauzenso kugawa kapena kulekanitsa zinthu ziwiri, monga mzere wojambula pansi kapena malire pakati pa madera awiri.

• Sewero kapena zochitika: M'mawu owonetsera masewero, mawu akuti "maku" angatanthauze zochitika kapena zochitika za m'masewero.

Mpukutu wa Makizushi: Kuphatikiza Kokoma kwa Makoma ndi Maonekedwe

Makizushi ndi mtundu wa sushi womwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika a sushi. Mawu akuti “maki” amachokera ku verebu lachijapani lakuti “maku,” lomwe limatanthauza “kugudubuza.” Mpukutuwo umapangidwa pophatikiza mpunga wa mphesa ndi zosakaniza zosankhidwa monga nsomba, masamba, kapena dzira, zomwe zimakulungidwa mu nori (zouma zam'nyanja zouma) pogwiritsa ntchito mphasa zansungwi.

Udindo wa Maku ku Makizushi

Mawu akuti "maku" sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ponena za makizushi, komabe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga sushi. Kugudubuza sushi kumatchedwa "maku," ndipo ndichifukwa chake mpukutuwo umatchedwa "maki." Msungwi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogubuduza sushi umatchedwanso "makisu," kutanthauza "mphasa yogudubuza."

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Makizushi Rolls

Mipukutu ya Makizushi imabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso mayina, malinga ndi momwe amakulungirira komanso zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nayi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya makizushi rolls:

• Futomaki: Mpukutu wandiweyani womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi dzira lophika, nkhaka, ndi pickled daikon radish.
• Hosomaki: Mpukutu wopyapyala womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha, monga tuna, salimoni, kapena nkhaka.
• Uramaki: Mtundu wa mpukutu wamkati pomwe mpunga uli kunja, ndipo nori uli mkati. Mipukutu ya Uramaki ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga avocado, nkhanu nyama, kapena tempura shrimp.
• Temaki: Mpukutu wooneka ngati koni womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wodzaza ndi mpunga, nsomba, ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

The History of Makizushi

Chiyambi cha makizushi sichidziwika bwino, koma amakhulupirira kuti chinalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Woyamba anawonekera ku Edo (tsopano Tokyo), kumene anafalikira mofulumira. Masiku ano, makizushi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya sushi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo imasangalatsidwa ndi okonda sushi azaka zonse komanso azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Kuphunzira Kupanga Makizushi

Kupanga makizushi kunyumba kungakhale kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa. Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira popanga makizushi anu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zosakaniza zapamwamba, monga nsomba zatsopano ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwaphika mpunga bwino ndikuuthira vinyo wosasa, shuga, ndi mchere.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kudula mipukutuyo kukhala zidutswa zoluma.
• Yesani zodzaza zosiyanasiyana komanso zosakaniza kuti mupeze mpukutu wa makizushi womwe mumakonda.

Pomaliza, makizushi ndi mtundu wokoma komanso wosinthasintha wa sushi womwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amasangalala nawo. Kaya ndinu okonda sushi kapena wongoyamba kumene, kuphunzira kupanga makizushi anu kungakhale kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa.

Kutsiliza

Chifukwa chake, muli nazo- zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za liwu lachi Japan maku. Angatanthauze nsalu yotchinga, koma angatanthauzenso kuzindikira, kapena kutanthauzira.

Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'mawu ngati "Maku amatanthauza nsalu yotchinga, koma angatanthauzenso tanthauzo, kapena kuwonetsa." Kotero, tsopano mukudziwa!

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.