Mukimono: Zojambula Zachijapani Zokongoletsa Zokongoletsa

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa pa Januware 29, 2023

Kodi munamvapo za mukimono? Sichinthu chomwe mumamva nthawi zambiri pokhapokha mukudya pamalo odyera apamwamba aku Japan. 

Ndi luso lakale la ku Japan lazokongoletsa zakudya zokongoletsa zomwe zikutchuka kwambiri m'maiko ophikira.

Mukimono ndi mtundu wa zakudya za ku Japan kapena zojambulajambula zomwe zimaphatikizapo kudula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuti zikhale zokongoletsa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mbale ndikuwonjezera zowoneka bwino pakudya. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimachitika m'malo ena odyera abwino kwambiri aku Japan padziko lonse lapansi. 

Ndiye pali mipeni ya Mukimono amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zamtundu uwu. Zonsezi ndi zofunika pamene ophika amakonza chakudya cha Mukimono.

Popanda nsonga yakuthwa ya rectangular, ndizosatheka kupanga mabala odabwitsawa. 

Mu positi iyi, tiwona kuti mukimono ndi chiyani, mbiri yake, komanso chifukwa chake ukutchuka kwambiri.

Mukufuna kukhala ndi mpeni weniweni wa mukimono kunyumba? Ndawunikiranso zosankha zabwino kwambiri pano

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Kodi Mukimono ndi chiyani?

Mukimono (剥 き物) ndi luso lachikhalidwe cha ku Japan chokongoletsa zokongoletsera.

Zitsanzo za zimenezi ndi kusema zithunzi zakale (maluŵa, akamba, akamba, ndi zinjoka) m’zikopa za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndiponso kusema masamba (monga daikon, karoti, ndi biringanya) m’maonekedwe okongola monga maluŵa, zopindika, ndi fani. mawonekedwe.

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa pa mbale imodzi monga chakudya kapena pa mbale yaing'ono. Kusema kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito a mpeni wa mukimono (bocho).

Mukimono ndi wosiyana ndi kusema zipatso za ku Thailand, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpeni wopyapyala wakuthwa womwe umapangidwira kutero.

Tsopano kuti mumve zambiri: Mukimono ndi mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza luso la kujambula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zokongola.

Ndi zojambulajambula zakale za ku Japan zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira nthawi ya Edo (1603-1868). 

Kupanga mukimono kumatenga nthawi, kuleza mtima, ndi luso, chifukwa zojambulazo zimajambula pazipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba monga maapulo, nkhaka, kaloti, ndi daikon radishes.

Mwachidule, Mukimono ndi mtundu wa chakudya cha ku Japan chomwe chimaphatikizapo kudula ndi kuumba zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuti zikhale zokongoletsa.

Limatanthauza njira monga Kazarigiri, yomwe ndi njira yokongoletsera yokongoletsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kukhala maluwa ang'onoang'ono kapena masamba.

Ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira zakudya kuti ziwoneke bwino komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapangidwe ovuta. Zida zodziwika bwino za mukimono ndi mipeni, zowotcha, ndi ma grater.

Maonekedwe opangidwa amatha kukhala osavuta mpaka ovuta ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukongoletsa mbale kapena kukongoletsa.

Mukimono amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sushi, sashimi, ndi zakudya zina za ku Japan. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga saladi yokongoletsa ya zipatso ndi masamba. 

Maonekedwe opangidwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapangidwe, monga maluwa, masamba, kapena mapangidwe ena. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zokometsera zakumwa ndi zokometsera. 

Chojambula cha mukimono ndi njira yodzutsira nyengo zinayi mwa kukongoletsa masamba a nyengo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mukimono, wophika amatha kuimira nyengo zowoneka bwino pa mbale ya chakudya chamadzulo.

Motero, Mukimono ndi njira yabwino yowonjezerera kukopa kowonekera kwa chakudya. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mbale ziwoneke bwino komanso zosangalatsa. 

Ndi njira yabwino yowonjezerera kukoma ndi kapangidwe ka mbale.

Maonekedwe opangidwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera mawonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa mbale, monga kuwonjezera masamba owuma mu saladi kapena kuwonjezera kununkhira kokoma ku zokometsera.

Mukimono ndi njira yosangalatsa komanso yolenga yokonzekera chakudya. Ndi njira yabwino yopangira zopangira zakudya ndikupangitsa kuti mbale ziwoneke bwino.

Pochita pang'ono, aliyense angaphunzire kupanga mapangidwe okongola komanso ovuta ndi mukimono.

Komabe, ophika apamwamba amatha zaka zambiri akuchita luso la mukimono mpaka atamaliza luso lawo.

Mukimono vs Mukimono mpeni

Kuti apange luso la zakudya za mukimono, ophika amagwiritsira ntchito mpeni wapadera wa ku Japan wotchedwa mukimono mpeni. 

Mawu awiriwa mukimono ndi mukimono mpeni ndi osiyana.

Anthu akamagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti mukimono anthu ambiri amaganiza za mpeni wapadera wa mukimono womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa luso la mukimono.

Koma izi ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana: mukimono ndi luso lokongoletsa chakudya, pamene mpeni wa mukimono ndi mtundu wapadera wa mpeni wakukhitchini wa ku Japan umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito podula ndi kusema zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m’mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri.

Mipeni ya Mukimono imapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, wopyapyala womwe umapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zojambula zosakhwima. Mpeni wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ophika komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mpeni wa mtundu wa mukimono uli ndi mpeni wakuthwa wamakona anayi komanso nsonga yokhotakhota, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kudula ndi kusema zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

N’cifukwa ciani Mukimono ndi wofunika?

Mukimono ndi wofunikira chifukwa amawonjezera chidwi chapadera ndi kulenga kwa mbale.

Ndi njira yabwino yopangira chakudya kuti chiwoneke bwino komanso chosangalatsa, chomwe chingathandize kukopa makasitomala. 

Imawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwazakudya, kuwapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi gulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi njira yabwino yowonetsera luso la ophika komanso luso lake.

Mukimono atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito powonjezera kununkhira ndi kukoma kwa mbale.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zodulira, ophika amatha kupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso mawonekedwe omwe amatha kuwonjezera kukoma kwapadera kwa mbale.

Izi zingathandize kuti mbale zikhale zosangalatsa komanso zosaiŵalika.

Komanso, mukimono ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la miyambo ya ku Japan yophikira ndipo malingaliro a nyengo zinayi akhoza kudzutsidwa mwa kudula zakudya mu mafashoni a Mukimono.

Kukoma kwa nyengo zinayizi kumawonjezera kukoma kwa chakudya ndi kukopa kwake.

Pomaliza, mukimono ndi wofunikira chifukwa umathandizira kupanga chidziwitso.

Powonjezera zinthu zaluso ndi zaluso ku mbale, zingathandize kuti azimva kuti ndi apadera komanso osakumbukika.

Izi zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri pazochitika zapadera monga masiku obadwa, zikondwerero, ndi tchuthi.

Ponseponse, mukimono ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphika.

Zingathandize kuti mbale ziwoneke bwino, kuwonjezera kukoma ndi mawonekedwe, komanso kupanga zochitika.

Ndi njira yabwino yosonyezera luso la ophika komanso luso lake ndipo zingathandize kuti mbale zikhale zosangalatsa komanso zosaiŵalika.

N’chifukwa chiyani Mukimono amatchuka kwambiri?

Mukimono watchuka pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukongola kwake komanso kuti umawonjezera kukhudza kwapadera kwa mbale.

Zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zingathandizenso kuti zakudya zikhale zowoneka bwino, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira m'makampani odyera.

Kuwonjezera apo, mukimono ndi wotchipa komanso wosavuta kuphunzira, choncho ngakhale ophika osaphunzira amatha kupanga zokongoletsera zokongola.

Chifukwa chiyani kudula masamba ndikofunikira muzakudya zaku Japan

Ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Japan kukhala osamala pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku; m'malo mwake, ali ndi mayina enieni Njira zakudula zaku Japan.

Maonekedwe, kakomedwe, ndi kaonekedwe ka ndiwo zamasamba zimawonekera kwambiri ngati zadulidwa mwanjira inayake - mwachiwonekere, momwe masamba amawonekera ndi kukoma kwake kumasintha kawonedwe ka munthu akaudya.

Ndizomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti sitingathe kusiyanitsa momwe timadulira tomato ndi kudula nkhaka monga momwe anthu a ku Japan amachitira.

Ndiye ndi chiyani chosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zodula za ku Japan?

Pali njira zingapo zodulira zakudya zomwe ndizosiyana ndi miyambo yaku Japan. 

Komabe, kuyang'anitsitsa njira zodulira, ambiri a iwo amawoneka ofanana ndi momwe inu ndi ine timadulira masamba.

Koma chinthu chimodzi chimene ndinazindikira ponena za dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kwa njira iliyonse yodula mu Japanese kuphika ndikuti si mawu ofotokozera monga azungu angachite nthawi zambiri m'mawu awo.

Mudzawona kuti dzina limene amapereka kwa njira yodula silifotokoza ndondomeko yeniyeni ya momwe mungadulire masamba, koma limafotokoza ndondomeko yeniyeni yodula.

Mwachitsanzo, Usugiri (薄 切 り) - njira yodula "yoonda" imatanthawuza kalembedwe kake kadulidwe kakang'ono kapena kudula nkhaka, ginger, anyezi, biringanya (kapena nasu), adyo, negi (anyezi wobiriwira) pofuna kugwedeza- kukazinga ndi kuphika masamba awa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Sili ngati mawu oti "kudula mzidutswa zing'onozing'ono" momwe anthu aku Western amagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza momwe chakudya chimadulidwira.

Kudula masamba ndikusenda ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza chakudya ku Japan chifukwa kumathandiza ophika kusankha zosakaniza pa mbale iliyonse, makamaka popeza zakudya zaku Japan zimadalira zinthu zambiri monga nyengo ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi mbiri ya Mukimono ndi yotani?

Mukimono wakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo magwero ake amakhulupirira kuti ndi nthawi ya Edo ku Japan (1603-1868). 

Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amanena kuti zinayambira ku Japan Yakale, ndipo mwina panali mitundu ina ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zinkachitika chifukwa anthu a ku Japan akhala atcheru kwambiri. 

Pachiyambi, mukimono anasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi chipembedzo. Monga chisonyezero cha chiyamikiro, Ajapani anapereka ntchito zaluso zimenezi kwa milungu. 

Mukimono amalimbikitsidwa ndi kamangidwe ka maluwa a ku Japan kuti 'ikebana', amene amaimira mgwirizano umene ulipo pakati pa kumwamba, dziko lapansi, ndi anthu.

Komabe, munali m’nthawi ya Edo pamene luso la mukimono linatchuka kwambiri ndi asilikali ankhondo amtundu wa Samurai, amene ankakongoletsa malupanga awo ndi zida zina powasula.

Kenako mipeniyo inkagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusema chakudya. 

Samurai akanasema zitsulo za zida zawo zojambulidwa mwaluso, n’kupanga zojambulajambula zokongola komanso zapadera.

Izi zidalimbikitsa ophika kuti azisema chakudya kuti chiwoneke chosangalatsa!

Luso la mukimono kenako linadutsa mibadwomibadwo, ndipo lusoli likukula kwambiri. 

M’nyengo ya Meiji (1868-1912), mukimono anatengedwa ndi ophika, amene anayamba kuugwiritsira ntchito kupanga mapangidwe ocholoŵana a masamba ndi zipatso.

Izi zinapangitsa kuti apange mbale zowoneka bwino zomwe zinali zokongola komanso zokoma.

Masiku ano, mukimono wakhala mtundu wotchuka wa zojambulajambula, ndi ophika ambiri ndi ojambula zithunzi omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zojambulajambula zodabwitsa. 

Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mbale zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku sushi kupita ku saladi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zovuta.

Yakhalanso yotchuka m'nyumba, ndipo anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zidutswa zokongola za zojambulajambula zodyedwa.

Mukimono wasintha kwa zaka zambiri, ndi ophika ndi ojambula nthawi zonse amayesa njira zatsopano ndi zida. 

Masiku ano, ndizotheka kupeza zida ndi zida zambiri za mukimono, zomwe zimalola aliyense kupanga zida zodabwitsa zaluso zodyedwa.

Yakhalanso yotchuka m’dziko lokongoletsa makeke, ndipo ambiri okongoletsa makeke akugwiritsa ntchito mukimono kupanga mapangidwe ocholoŵana a makeke ndi zokometsera zina.

Mukimono wakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la chikhalidwe cha ku Japan, ndipo anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zithunzi zokongola komanso zapadera.

Ndi ntchito yaluso yomwe yakhala ikuchitika m'mibadwo yambiri ndipo ikupitiriza kusangalala ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Mukimono?

Nthawi zambiri mukimono amadya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi nsomba zina. 

Nkhaka, kaloti, biringanya, tsabola, udzu winawake, dzungu, anyezi, ndi daikon radishes ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzojambula za mukimono. 

Pankhani ya zipatso, malalanje monga mandimu ndi malalanje, mavwende, chinanazi, maapulo, vwende, ndi mapapaya amakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophika.

Cholinga cha luso la mukimono ndi kukopa chidwi cha mitundu ndi maonekedwe a chipatso kapena masamba, komanso amapereka njira ina yoyamikira kukoma kwake ndi fungo lake.

Inde, simunganyalanyaze ntchito yaikulu ya ziboliboli, yomwe ndi gawo lawo lokongoletsera pamatebulo ndi mbale.

Kodi Mukimono ndi wofanana ndi kusema zipatso?

Kusema zipatso ndi mtundu wa zojambulajambula zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mukimono.

Kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wosema wokongoletsa kupanga mapangidwe odabwitsa a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. 

Mapangidwe ake amatha kukhala osavuta mpaka ovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maluwa, masamba, ndi mawonekedwe ena.

Kujambula kwa zipatso ndi njira yotchuka yokongoletsera chakudya chapadera ndipo nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha udindo ndi chuma.

Kusema zipatso kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga malo okongola apakati pa matebulo ndi mawonedwe ena.

Koma kusema zipatso sikuchokera ku Japan ndipo kumachitika padziko lonse lapansi.

Mukimono ndi wapadera chifukwa ophikawo amajambula mitundu ina ya chipatsocho. Sikuti ndi maluwa okha kapena masamba. 

M’malo mwake, mawonekedwe amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mukimono ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku maluwa osavuta kufika pa nyama ndi malo ovuta kwambiri.

Maonekedwe odziwika bwino amaphatikizapo maluwa a chitumbuwa, akamba, akalulu, mitima, ndi nyenyezi.

Zizindikiro izi ndizofunikira pachikhalidwe cha ku Japan (tangoganizani za tanthauzo la maluwa a chitumbuwa!)

Palinso mbali ya nyengo, ndipo zipatso za nyengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinsalu cha mukimono.

Mawonekedwe amadulidwa mu zipatso kapena masamba pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa mukimono kapena zida zina zosema.

Mawonekedwewo akadulidwa, amatha kufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi skewer kapena chida china chaching'ono kuti muwonjezere mawonekedwe ndi tanthauzo.

Kodi Mukimono amafanana ndi kusema masamba?

Kusema masamba ndi mtundu wa mukimono womwe umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wokongoletsa wosema kuti apange mapangidwe odabwitsa a masamba. 

Kusema masamba ndi njira yotchuka yokongoletsera chakudya chapadera ndipo nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha udindo ndi chuma. 

Mukimono ndi mtundu wa kusema masamba, choncho ziŵirizo n’zofanana kwenikweni.

Mukimono wa ku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a ku Japan monga mafunde, zomera, maluwa, ndi zina zotero. 

M'mayiko a Kumadzulo, kujambula masamba kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga malo okongola a matebulo ndi mawonedwe ena. 

Ku Japan, kusema masamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba owoneka bwino a masamba monga kaloti, daikon radishes, ndi nkhaka.

Mukimono vs Moritsuke 

Ngakhale Mukimono ndi luso lokongoletsa ndi kusema, Moritsuke alidi luso la ku Japan la kakonzedwe ka chakudya ndi kuphika chakudya. 

Njira yaku Japan yopangira mbale kapena kuwonetsa chakudya imatchedwa Moritsuke. Diso lakuthwa ndi kusamala mwatsatanetsatane ndizofunikira pazithunzithunzi izi ndi malangizo.

Chakudya chimaperekedwa kale ku Japan m'njira yomwe imasinthasintha mawonekedwe ndi mitundu pomwe imakhalanso yokongola.

Mutha kuwona chakudya chikuyikidwa m'njira yofanana ndi Phiri la Fuji kapena mawonekedwe a mafunde. Mapangidwe awa ndi gawo la Moritsuke. 

Kotero mukhoza kunena kuti Mukimono kwenikweni ndi gawo la Moritsuke chifukwa zakudya zojambulidwa zimakonzedwa bwino pa matebulo kapena mbale, osati kungowonetsedwa mwachisawawa. 

Maonekedwe apadera, mawonekedwe, ndi masitayelo amakonzedwe amatsatiridwa mosamalitsa kuwonetsetsa kuti kawonedwe kazakudya kamakhala kosangalatsa. 

Mukimono bwanji?

Kuti mupange mukimono, mufunika mpeni wa mukimono, bolodi lodulira, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana. 

1. Yambani ndi kusankha zipatso kapena masamba oyenera kusema, monga daikon radish, apulo, karoti, kapena nkhaka.
2. Sankhani chida choyenera, monga mpeni wa mukimono kapena chosenda masamba.
3. Dulani mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna mu chipatso kapena masamba ndi chida chomwe mwasankha.
4. Onjezani tsatanetsatane ndi mawonekedwe pamawonekedwewo pogwiritsa ntchito skewer, toothpick, kapena chida china chaching'ono.
5. Pomaliza, konzani zokongoletsa pamwamba pa mbale kapena chakumwa kuti muwonjezere chidwi.

Mukimono ndi njira yabwino yowonjezerera kukhudza kwapadera ndi kulenga ku mbale zanu.

Ndikuchita pang'ono, mutha kupanga zojambula zokongola komanso zovuta zomwe zingasangalatse alendo anu.

Kutsiliza

Mukimono ndi njira yapadera komanso yosangalatsa yopangira mapangidwe okongola komanso ovuta pazakudya.

Ndi njira yabwino yosangalatsira alendo anu ndikuwonjezera luso lazakudya zanu. 

Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wapadera wamakona anayi wokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa, ophika amatha kusema mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri ya zipatso, masamba, nyama, ngakhalenso nsomba zam'madzi kuti zisangalatse ngakhale ogula kwambiri. 

Koma ndi zida zochepa zosavuta komanso zoyeserera pang'ono, aliyense atha kupanga mapangidwe odabwitsa a mukimono.

Zonse zokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wa Mukimono ndi luso la mpeni la Japan.

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Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.