Tsurai (辛 い) kapena karai (辛 い) - "Zokometsera" mu chilankhulo cha Japan
Pali gawo lalikulu la zakudya zaku Japan zomwe zili ndi zokometsera monga mutu wake wapakati. Ndipo chasanduka kagulu kachipembedzo ku Japan ndi kwina kulikonse!
Chowonadi ndi chakuti zakudya zachikhalidwe za ku Japan nthawi zambiri sizikhala zokometsera. Ndipo ngakhale kutanthauzira kwawo kochuluka kwa zakudya zakumadzulo kumakhala kodetsedwa.
Koma podziwa achijapani, amatha kusandutsa mbale iliyonse wamba kukhala chinthu chomwe chingakuwonongereni kukoma kwanu. M’chenicheni, zidzakusiyani odabwitsidwa ndi kumangolankhulabe za izo, ngakhale patatha milungu ingapo mutaluma!
Wasabimwachitsanzo, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zapangitsa kuti zakudya zambiri zokometsera za ku Japan zikhale zachilendo komanso zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Lero tifufuza zakudya za ku Japan za "tsurai" kapena "karai" zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kununkhira kwa mbaleyo.
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Etymology
Chiyankhulo cha Chijapani chofanana ndi mawu akuti "zonunkhira" chingakhale "karai", "karakuchi", kapena "supaishii" chabe.
Ngakhale kuti liri ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi mawu ena otchulidwa pamwambapa, liwu lakuti “tsurai” limagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri kusonyeza mkhalidwe wamaganizo m’malo mwa kumverera kwakuthupi kapena kulawa. Koma itha kugwiritsidwabe ntchito kutanthauza kuti mukumva kukoma kwa zokometsera!
Ku Japan, mawu akuti "otentha" ndi "zokometsera" amatha kutanthauza kununkhira kwa mpiru kapena kununkhira kwa tsabola wotentha.
Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu amakonda ndi kusangalala ndi zakudya za ku Japan pazifukwa ziwiri: 2) zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso 1) kupezeka kwake muzokometsera zosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale kuti ndi maganizo olakwika odziwika kuti ku Japan kuli zakudya zambiri zotentha ndi zokometsera, zoona zake n'zakuti sizimayimiridwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbale zina, zomwe ziri zosiyana kwambiri ndi mayiko ena monga Thailand. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri a ku Japan amangodzitchula kuti sangathe kulekerera ngakhale zokometsera pang'ono!
Koma ngakhale ndi izi zodziwika bwino, Japan ili ndi maphikidwe angapo a zakudya zokometsera ndipo amapezeka kumadera akumwera, komwe kwakhala kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi aku Korea ndi aku China.
Kodi zakudya za ku Japan zimakhala zokometsera bwanji?
Tisanalongosole za zonunkhira za chakudya cha ku Japan, tiyeni tiphunzire kaye za sikelo ya Scoville.
Mulingo wa Scoville ndi njira yoyezera kupsa mtima (kukometsera kapena "kutentha") kwa tsabola ndi zakudya zina zokometsera ndi muyeso womwe uli Scoville heat units (SHU).
SHU imakhazikika pamalingaliro amtundu wa capsaicinoids (capsaicin) omwe amapezeka kapena opezeka tsabola tsabola.
Pansipa pali mankhwala omwe ali tsabola tsabola ndi kuwerengera kwa SHU kwa iwo:
| Chemical | SHU Chiwerengero |
| Resiniferatoxin | 16,000,000,000 |
| Tinyatoxin | 5,300,000,000 |
| Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin | 15,000,000 kuti 16,000,000 |
| Nonivamide | 9,200,000 |
| Madzi a Nordihydrocapsaicin | 9,100,000 |
| Homocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin | 8,600,000 |
| shogaol | 160,000 |
| piperine | 100,000 - 200,000 |
| Gingerol | 60,000 |
| Kumalo | 16,000 |
Zokometsera zaku Japan zotentha komanso zokometsera
Wasabi
Wasabi amachokera ku banja la mpiru (ndi mtundu wa muzu wofanana ndi horseradish) womwe ukadyedwa, ukhoza kulimbikitsa mphuno ndi mphuno.
Ngakhale zokometsera zakudya wasabi zimatha kukhala zazikulu, zimangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa chabe.
Wasabi amadziwika kuti sushi side dish / condiment / dipping msuzi ndipo ndi chomera chapadera chomwe chimalimidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Japan. Wasabi amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumsuzi wothira Zakudyazi pang'ono.
shichimi togarashi
Zokometsera zaku Japan izi ndizophatikiza zokometsera, kuphatikiza ginger wodula bwino, m'nyanja, nthangala za sesame, tsabola wa sansho, ndi tsabola wofiira. Shichimi togarashi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mlingo wochepa wololera zakudya zokometsera, chifukwa zimakhala pansi pa chigawo cha Scoville.
Nthawi zambiri amathiridwa pamasamba ndi mbale za mpunga zotchedwa donburi, zomwe zimapangitsa mbaleyo kukhala yokoma kwambiri.
Werenganinso: Msuzi 22 wabwino wokometsera mpunga wanu
Karashi
Karashi ndi condiment yemwe amafanana kwambiri ndi wasabi potengera kununkhira kwake komanso kukoma kwake, chifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpiru wachikasu. Pang'ono pang'ono polowera sikelo ya Scoville, karashi akuti ali ndi zokometsera zamphamvu poyerekeza ndi mpiru wakumadzulo womwe umayenda bwino ndi soseji, tonkatsu cutlets nkhumba, ndi shumai dumplings.
Anthu amene amakonda kudya natto (soya wothira) amadziwa kuti karashi ndi yabwino kuphatikizira ndi mbale iyi, chifukwa imawongolera kukoma kwake kwanthaka popereka mpata wakuthwa ku kukoma kwake konse.
Yuzukosho
Yuzukosho ndi chakudya chokoma chomwe chilinso ndi dzina la chigawo chakumwera kwa Japan komwe chidachokera: Kyushu. Chomerachi chimapangidwa pogaya peel ya zipatso za citrus zomwe zimatchedwa "yuzu" ndi tsabola wobiriwira, kenako mchere umawonjezeredwa kuti apange phala la tangy, zokometsera zomwe zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi pesto.
Anthu aku Japan nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito yuzukosho ngati chokometsera chawo cha nkhuku yakitori, nsomba, ndi nyama yang'ombe.
Tsabola wa Sansho
Tsabola wa Sansho ndi mtundu wa tsabola wobiriwira wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira. Amakhala ofanana ndi ma peppercorn achizungu achi China, kupatula ngati ali ndi zonunkhira zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukamwa kukhale kwakanthawi kwakanthawi komwe kumatha kukhala kwa masekondi 10 abwino.
Tsabola wapansi wa sansho amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pokometsera zakudya zokazinga, monga eel yowotcha ndi nkhuku yakitori.
Koregusu
Chokometsera chomwe chinayambira pachilumba cha Okinawa, koregusu ndi msuzi wowawa, wotentha, komanso wokometsera kwambiri. Koregusu amapangidwa kuchokera ku chilumba chaching'ono cha tsabola tsabola ndi chakumwa choledzeretsa cham'deralo chotchedwa awamori.
Koregusu ndi condiment yozungulira yomwe imayenda bwino ndi zakudya zambiri za ku Japan, kuchokera ku goya chanpuru (yopangidwa ndi vwende yowawa) mpaka soba noodles (kalembedwe ka Okinawan).
Takanotsume (Hawk claw chili)
Takanotsume (chilichonse cha hawk claw) amawoneka mowopsa ngati chiwombankhanga; ndichifukwa chake aku Japan adachitcha dzina!
Ndi tsabola wokhawo muzakudya za ku Japan zomwe zauma ndi kusidwa kuti zipange ufa wa chili. Ikhozanso kudulidwa bwino ndikuwonjezeredwa ku supu, Zakudyazi, ndi mbale zina kuti muwonjezere kukoma.
Takanotsume ili pamwamba apo ndi zokometsera zina zapamwamba kwambiri pa sikelo ya Scoville, kotero ngati mukufuna zakudya zokometsera kwenikweni, muyenera kupempha zokometserazi kuti muwonjezere ku mbale yanu yomwe mumakonda yaku Japan!
Zakudya za ku Japan zotentha komanso zokometsera
Mpunga wa taco
Ngakhale mpunga wa taco ndi zakudya zaku Mexico, ku US ku Okinawa pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse (ndikupitilira mpaka lero) kubweretsa mbale iyi kudziko la chilumba cha Southeast Asia ku Japan.
Komabe, mpunga wa taco sunapangidwe ndendende ndi a Latinos, koma m'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwa salsa waku Mexico ndi zokometsera za taco (zomwe ndi zokometsera). Amakondedwa ndi gulu la Latino la asitikali aku US ku Southern Japan.
Mapeto ake ndi mbale ya mpunga wothira zokometsera zomwe zimatenthetsa mpunga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga anyezi, adyo wa clove, ufa wa chili, chitowe, anyezi wobiriwira, oregano, mchere, madzi, ndi mafuta ophikira.
Mabo tofu
Mabu kapena "mapo" tofu mbale amakhulupirira kuti poyamba ndi chakudya chokoma cha China. Inangotengedwa kokha ndi a ku Japan pambuyo pa zaka mazana ambiri a malonda ndi anansi awo.
Komabe, ndizokoma mosakayikira, zonyamula nkhonya mu dipatimenti ya zonunkhira, ndipo zimapezeka kwambiri ku Japan konse.
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri pa mabu tofu ndi chakuti ndi yosavuta kuphika, ndi yokometsera koma yosalala, ndipo ndi mbale yokoma kwambiri yomwe ingakupangitseni kuti mubwererenso mukangoyesa!
Werenganinso: chokoma chokoma cha ku Japan chokometsera saladi muyenera kuyesa
Ndi ramen
Ndi ramen ndi chodziwika bwino ku Japan ndipo chimakondedwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito m'maofesi ku Japan konse. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chosinthira chakudya cha ku Japan (mbale yomwe timakonda kwambiri ya ramen noodles) kukhala chokoma chotentha komanso chokometsera chomwe ndi chosavuta kuchikonda.
Zoonadi, mbale iyi si ya ofooka mtima, chifukwa imayikidwa ndi ng'ombe, mafuta a chili, tsabola watsopano wa tsabola, ndi tsabola wakuda wambiri. Koma pansi pa zokometsera zonsezo ndi mbale yokoma kwambiri yaku Japan!
Yesani misozi ya ramen
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti Thailand, China, ndi South Korea ali ndi zakudya zotentha komanso zokometsera poyerekeza ndi Japan. M'malo mwake, anthu ochokera kunja omwe amakacheza kapena kukhala pachilumbachi nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti ngakhale mbale zimatchedwa "zokometsera", pamapeto pake zimakhala zofatsa mokhumudwitsa!
Kutentha kochepa komwe komwe makasitomala amalandira akamadya zakudya zokometsera m'malo odyera amtundu wina, kumatulutsa mfuwu wa "karai!" (kutentha!).
Hokkaido, chisumbu chozizira kwambiri chakumpoto kwa Japan, komabe, ndi chosiyana ndi mawu awa. Mwina kukhala ndi nyengo yozizira pachilumbachi kudapangitsa kuti anthu am'deralo azilakalaka china chake kuposa msuzi wakale wa miso ramen, chifukwa kununkhira kwake kudayitanitsidwa mpaka 11!
Geki kara miso ramen (zokometsera kwambiri miso ramen), wothira mafuta a chilili, amatha kuyatsa kwambiri kwa aliyense amene sanasangalale ndi zokometsera zaku Japan. Malo ena ogulitsa ramen amakupatsanso tsabola wa habanero wapamwamba kwambiri ngati mukuganiza kuti supu ya geki kara miso ramen siwotentha komanso yokometsera mokwanira.
Kuphika ku Japan
Curry yaku Japan imachokera ku ma curries oyambilira ochokera ku UK ndi India pamtunda wa Ufumu wa Britain womwe tsopano ulibe mphamvu. Komabe, ophika adapanga kukoma kosiyana ndi mawonekedwe kuti akhale osiyana ndi omwe adatsogolera.
Malo odyera a curry aku Japan, monga Coco Ichibanya, akhala akupanga njira zodabwitsa makasitomala awo ndi zokometsera zatsopano pamaphikidwe awo a curry pofuna kusokoneza kukoma kwawo.
Mukalowa m'malo odyera ma curry ozungulira Japan, mutha kuyembekezera kupeza maphikidwe okoma kwambiri a curry. Koma mukangodutsa mulingo wa zokometsera wa 8 kapena 9, simupezanso zokometsera zina. M'malo mwake, tsabola wochuluka ndi ufa wa chilizi amawonjezedwa ku mbale (CHENJEZO: akhoza kupita ku 12 nthawi zina).
Kuti mumve kukoma kwa curry yaku Japan, yitanitsani maphikidwe a curry otentha pang'ono.
Werenganinso: awa ndi mitundu yonse ya ramen waku Japan
Mentaiko
Mentaiko amadziwika m'Chingerezi ngati cod roe ndipo ndizodziwika bwino mu zakudya zaku Japan. Mutha kupeza zokomazi m'malo odyera otsika mtengo komanso abwino.
Ngati simunayesepo mentaiko kale, ndiye kuti mungaganize kuti sizokoma kwambiri potengera maonekedwe ake. Komabe, Ilm positive kuti mudzaikonda mukangoyesa!
Ndikupangira kuti oyambitsa ayambe kuyesa pasta ya mentaiko poyamba asanayitanitsa mitundu ina iliyonse ya mbale iyi. Ndi kuphatikiza zakudya zaku Italy ndi Japan, zomwe ndizodabwitsa kwambiri!
Momwe mungagulitsire zakudya zaku Japan zokometsera kumalo odyera ku Japan
Masiku ano, alendo akunja amasakasaka ndi Google kuti apeze malo abwino oti apite kukadyerako asanayende ku Japan. Iwo ali okondwa kuyesa zakudya ndi zakumwa za m'deralo, ndipo malo osungiramo mabuku a ku Japan otchedwa "izakaya" ndi malo otchuka.
Komabe, ngati simukuchidziwa ngakhale zoyambira za chilankhulo cha Chijapanizi, ndiye kuti mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro achiwiri okhudza kulowa m'masitolo ndi malo odyera awa.
Nawa malangizo owongolera momwe mungapangire zakudya zokometsera zaku Japan monga zam'deralo:
- Sankhani izakaya kapena malo odyera omwe mukufuna kupitako.
- Yendani ndikupeza tebulo. Mutha kulandiridwa ndi m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito mwa kunena kuti "Irasshaimase! Nanmei-sama desu ka? ” (よ う こ そ！ 何 人?, Welcome! Ndi anthu angati?) Mungayankhe kuti, "hitori desu" (一 人 で, munthu m'modzi yekha), kapena "futari desu" (二人 で す, anthu awiri), kapena "san nin desu ”(三人 で す, anthu atatu), ndi zina zotero. Kumbukirani kuti muzolowere kuwerengera ku Japan mukamayitanitsa mbale yanu.
- Khalani pansi ndikudikirira ogwira ntchito kuti akupatseni menyu awo. Sikuti izakaya zonse zimachita izi, koma omwe amatero adzakupatsani chopukutira chaching'ono chonyowa chotchedwa "oshibori" chomwe mutha kusamba nacho m'manja. Monga mwaulemu, mumati, “Arigato gozaimasu (zikomo)” mwakachetechete. Zinthu zitha kuyenda mosiyana mushopu/malo odyera apadera a ramen, chifukwa chake musayembekezere kuti izi zizichitika nthawi zonse.
- Yambani kuyitanitsa. Nenani “辛いらラーメンを一つお願いします” (karai ramen wo hitotsu onegai shimasu), amene amamasuliridwa ku Chingerezi ngati “spicy ramen, one please.” Nthawi zina, shopu imatha kukupatsirani chakumwa chaulere limodzi ndi zokometsera zanu zokometsera. Koma ngati mukufuna china chake chachindunji, ingoyitanitsani icho.
- Pezani cheke ndikuti “okaikei onegai shimasu” (onani, chonde). Kenako lipirani bilu yanu.
Werenganinso: Msuzi wamkulu wa sushi atatu muyenera kuyesa
Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika
Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.
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Werengani kwaulere
Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.
