Chii chinonzi moromi? Iyo yakakosha yekuvirisa yekutanga nekuda uye soy muto

Author: Joost Nusselder, munyori weThe Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Yakagadziridzwa Gumiguru 15, 2022

Sake chinwiwa chinodhaka cheJapan chinoda mupunga, uye soy sauce inguva yakajairika muzvokudya zvakawanda zveAsia.

Mupunga wakaviriswa kana soya zvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira muJapan. Asi kugadzira chikafu chakaviriswa nezvinwiwa, mvura yakakora yebrown inoshandiswa.

Moromi inodikanwa "chigadzirwa chepasi" chinoshandiswa mukugadzira. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare se saké lees kana saké kasu muchiJapan uye sake mash muChirungu.

Moromi anozivikanwa se "sake mash" muChirungu. Iyo sake mash, musanganiswa wekutanga wekuvirisa unogadzirwa nekupwanya mupunga wakabikwa, WHO, shubo (yeast), nemvura. Mupunga wakapfava, unopenya uzere nemvura unozosefa uye unoshandiswa kugadzira chinwiwa chekuJapan chakaviriswa mupunga chinonzi sake.

Moromi inogadzirwa nekubatanidza mupunga wakabikwa, koji, yeast, nemvura. Musanganiswa wacho unozoviriswa kwenguva yakati, kazhinji mavhiki maviri.

Munguva iyi, mbiriso nekoji zvinomedura makabhohaidhiretsi ari mumupunga kuita doro uye carbon dioxide.

Kana kuvirisa kwapera, moromi inobva yatsikwa kuti ibvise zvimedu zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti pave nesake kana soy muto.

Mune ino post, ini ndichataura newe kuburikidza kuti chii chinonzi moromi, inoshandiswa sei, uye nei chiri chinhu chakakosha chekutanga mune zvimwe zvezvikafu zvakaviriswa nezvinwiwa zveJapan.

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Chii chinonzi Moromi?

Moromi chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira sake uye soy muto, uye hunhu hwayo hunokanganisa zvakanyanya chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Moromi dzimwe nguva inonziwo moromi-miso, kunyangwe isina chekuita nemiso paste.

Imvura inopenya ine magadzirirwo ehuchi kana gobvu molasi uye inogadzirwa nekupwanya mupunga wakakanyiwa, koji (chigadzirwa chemupunga chakaviriswa), shubo (yeast), nemvura.

Soya bhinzi dzinowanzo shandiswa pachinzvimbo chemupunga kugadzira soya muto - inogona zvakare kunzi moromi.

Inozivikanwa se "sake mash," uye pakutanga, inoratidzika semupunga mukuru wepuffy.

Inosangana nesaccharification process, panguva iyo makabhohaidhiretsi anoputswa kuita doro uye kabhoni dhaokisaidhi nembiriso uye koji.

Pakutanga, moromi ibundu guru remupunga unovirisa, uye panguva yekuparara, inova mvura yakawanda.

Painopfava uye yotanga kuyerera, maJapan anoti moromi "yakatendeuka." MuchiJapan, inonzi moromi ga kaetta, 醪が返った.

Kunyangwe mushure mehumwe huwandu hwekunyungudika, iyo yekutanga chaiyo giravhiti, viscosity, uye kutapira kwemash zvakakwirira zvinoshamisa.

Sezvo kuvirisa kunoramba kuchienderera mberi, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinodzikira, uye mushwa unobva wareruka zvishoma nezvishoma (mvura zhinji) uye isingatapire - ndipo pavanoziva kuti yatendeuka uye yagadzirira kusefa.

Usati wapwanya, moromi inonzi moromi-zake kana kuti doburoku.

Funga nezvemoromi sechinhu chekutanga mukugadzira chikafu nechinwiwa chakaviriswa.

Kana kuvirisa kwapera, moromi inobva yatsikwa kuti ibvise zvimedu, zvoita kuti pave nemvura yakachena ingave sake kana soy muto.

Zvinokwanisika kufungidzira danho rekuvirisa zvichienderana nekuchinja kwehuga hwemukati (kutapira) uye giravhiti chaiyo.

Mumatanho ekupedzisira ekuvirisa, iwo chaiwo giravhiti rinosvika kana kutodonha pasi pemvura, uye viscosity yechikamu chemvura chinosvika icho chemvura.

Doro rinotsiva kutapira nekunaka kwakaoma.

Kana iyo yakasimba uye mvura yakaparadzaniswa, iyo nzira inonzi joso, uye kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuzviita.

Mature moromi anotsikirirwa kupa seishu uye sake kasu (compressed sake cake).

Saka, moromi chinhu chakakosha mune zviviri zvezvikafu zvakaviriswa zvakanyanya kuJapan: sake uye muto wesoya unonaka unoshandiswa kubika.

Nechikonzero ichi, vanobika doro vanongwarira zvikuru mukuona kuti moromi ndeyemhando yepamusoro.

Mhando dzemoromi

Kune marudzi maviri makuru emoromi:

Sake moromi

Iyo inonziwo doburoku, izvi zvinoreva mvura yakakora inobva mumupunga wakaviriswa, shubo, koji, uye mvura musanganiswa.

Musanganiswa we viscous unobva wapepetwa, uye izvi ndizvo zvatinoziva senge mbishi. Pamberi pekunwa kusati kwagadzirira kushandiswa, iyo yakasvibirira inonatswa uye inogadziriswa.

Zvakadaro, kune “doburoku,” chigadzirwa chekutengesa pasina nekuda kwemoromi kusefa - haina kusefa.

Zvinoenderana neJapan Liquor Tax Law, chiJapan chinodanwa se "chakanatswa," uye zvinosungirwa kusefa iyo moromi.

MuJapan, “doburoku” naizvozvo hairondedzerwi se“kunatswa” asi se“zvimwe zvinwiwa zvinobikwa.”

Paunoravira doburoku, unoona kutapira kunoshamisa kwemupunga, acidity iri pakati nepakati, uye kunhuhwirira kwakanaka.

Nekuti izvo zvinongedzo hazvina kusefa, zvakare zvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya.

Soy muto moromi

Unonziwo shoyu no mi kana kuti “muchero wesoya muto,” uyu musanganiswa wakakora unobva pakuvirisa soyabhinzi, gorosi, munyu, nemvura.

Musanganiswa unobva wasefa, uye izvi ndizvo zvatinoziva se soy muto.

Sezvineiwo, soy muto moromi inopinda nenzira yekuvirisa, asi pachinzvimbo chemupunga, soya bhinzi inoshandiswa kugadzira moromi.

Mune mamwe matunhu eJapan, akadai seYamagata, Niigata, neNagano prefectures, soy muto moromi inopedzwa pachayo kana sechinzvimbo chezviyo.

Inogona kunyange kushandiswa sechinhu chinonaka.

Pamusoro pekuravira kunaka uye umami we soy muto, unogona zvakare kuona magadzirirwo esoya beans uye gorosi.

Mamwe marudzi eshoyu moromi anogadzirwa nekuwedzera shuga kana zvimwe zvinhu kune zvechinyakare soy sauce zvinongedzo zvesoya bhinzi, gorosi (kana bhari), koji, uye munyu.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune misiyano yekunhuhwirira, kubva pakutapira zvakanyanya kusvika kune munyu wakanyanya, zvichienderana nezvinosanganiswa.

Iwe unogona pamusoro "shoyu no mi" nehove yakakangwa, nyama, tofu inotonhora, shredded daikon, etc. Inozadzisa chero ndiro, pamwe chete ne soy sauce.

Moromi inonaka sei?

Moromi ine kutapira uye kuvava nekunhuhwirira kwedoro zvishoma.

Kunakirwa nekunhuwidza kwemoromi kuchashanduka painovirisa, uye kuravira kwekupedzisira kunotsamira pane izvo moromi inoshandiswa kugadzira.

Kana ikashandiswa kugadzira soya muto, inenge ine munyu uye inonaka, asi kana ikashandiswa kuita sake inonaka.

Moromi inogadzirwa sei?

Sake moromi inogadzirwa nekuvirisa mupunga, koji, shubo, uye nemvura.

Mupunga unotanga kupiswa, uye ipapo koji, shubo, uye mvura zvinowedzerwa pauri.

Musanganiswa wacho unozosiiwa kuti uvirise kwemavhiki maviri.

Soy muto moromi inogadzirwa nekuvirisa soya beans, gorosi, munyu, nemvura.

Soya beans uye gorosi zvinotanga kubikwa, uye ipapo munyu nemvura zvinowedzerwa kwazviri.

Musanganiswa wacho unozosiiwa kuti uvirise kwemwedzi inenge mitatu.

Moromi inoshandiswa sei?

Moromi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira sake uye soy muto pamwe nezvimwe zvikafu zvakaviriswa nezvinwiwa.

Kugadzira, moromi inosefa uye mvura inobuda inonatswa uye inogadziriswa.

Kugadzira soya muto, moromi inosefa uye mvura inobuda inoviriswa.

Moromi inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira zvimwe zvikafu zvakaviriswa zvakaita semiso nevhiniga yemupunga.

Sezvo moromi iri chigadziko chakaviriswa, inogoneka uye haina kugumira pakuita sake.

Ndeipi basa reMoromi kuvirisa?

Basa rekuvirisa ndere kushandura chimiro chemakabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, uye mafuta kuitira kuti zvive nyore kugayiwa nemuviri.

Asi basa chairo remoromi nderekuvirisa.

Saka, iyo protease uye amylase kubva kufungus hydrolyze mapuroteni uye polysaccharides, uye izvi zvinogadzira akasiyana nitrogen makomisheni pamwe neshuga uye amino acids.

Chii chakabva moromi?

Izwi rokuti moromi rinobva pashoko rechiito rokuti moru, iro muchiJapan chekare raireva "kuunganidza."

Hunhu hwe mo (母) hunogonawo kuverengwa se haha, zvinoreva kuti "amai." Saka moromi inogona kududzirwa chaizvoizvo se“doro raamai” kana kuti “amai vokuvirisa.”

Iri zita rakapihwa nekuti moromi ndicho chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira zvese sake uye soy muto.

Kusati kwasvinwa, mash yaizivikanwa se doburoku kana kuti moromi-zake, uye yaisangogadzirwa mumabikirwo edoro chete asiwo yaidyiwa nevarimi nevanhuwo zvavo.

Nekugadzwa kweiyo Liquor Tax Law panguva yeMeiji Era, zvakadaro, kubika kumba kwakava kusiri pamutemo mukati memakore 1868-1911.

Zvokudya zvemupunga zvakaviriswa uye zvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa muChina makore anopfuura 2500 apfuura.

Asi moromi ine nhoroondo refu mutsika dzechiJapani uye inotaurwa muManyoshu, rondedzero yenhetembo dzechiJapani yezana ramakore rechisere.

Imwe nhetembo, kunyanya, inorumbidza doburoku reMt. Miwa, uye inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nhetembo yekare kwazvo inotaura nezvekunwa uku.

MuManyoshu munewo nhetembo inotaura nezvekasutori shochu, iyo inogadzirwa nekunyisa moromi.

Kwenguva yakareba sekunge soy muto uye sake zvave zviripo, moromi yanga iri musanganiswa wakakosha pakuvagadzira.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira moromi?

Moromi ine mavhitamini nemamineral akawanda, uye inewo maenzayimu anobatsira pakugaya.

Iyo yakanaka sosi yemapuroteni, uye inewo koji, iyo inozivikanwa kuva ine zvakawanda zvinobatsira pautano.

Mamwe emabhenefiti ehutano ekoji anosanganisira:

• Kukudziridza zvirwere zvemuviri
• Kuvandudza kugaya
• Kuderedza kuzvimba
• Kuvandudza kushanda kwechiropa

Moromi zvakare inzvimbo yakanaka yeprobiotics, iyo inobatsira kune hutano hwematumbo. Muchokwadi, moromi chikamu chechikamu chezvekudya zvakaviriswa zvine hutano uye zvinwiwa zvinozivikanwa sekampocha.

Kampocha inosanganisira zvimwe zvikafu zvakaviriswa uye zvinwiwa zvakaita sekimchi, sauerkraut, kefir, uye kombucha.

Zvikafu izvi nezvinwiwa zvese zvakapfuma mumaprobiotics uye zvine hutano hwakawanda kune digestive system, uye zvinoonekwa sechikafu chemishonga.

Moromi vs Moromi miso

Kunaka kwe moromi miso kwakafanana neinotapira miso ine tsanga, asi haisi chaiyo miso paste.

Ipfungwa isiriyo yekukanganisa miso paste uye moromi, zvisinei, hazvina kufanana.

Kunyangwe vamwe vanhu vekuJapan vanotenda zvisirizvo kuti moromi miso chigadzirwa chemiso-making process. Idzo inhema.

Moromi miso inoreva chikafu chakafanana nesoya muto moromi uye chakagadzirirwa kudyiwa kubva pakutanga. Inogona kushandiswa se condiment.

Moromi miso inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yakafanana neye soy muto. Muchiitiko ichi, inosiyaniswa nekuderedzwa kwemunyu wemvura yakashandiswa yemunyu.

Kune rumwe rutivi, dzimwe nguva inogadzirwa ne soy muto, koji, amazake, shuga, uye sesame inotengeswa. Kune dzakawanda nzira dzekugadzirira uye dzakasiyana.

Vamwe vanofunga kuti “shoyu no mi” imoromi miso, nepo vamwe vachigadzira moromi miso inotapira neshuga kana kuti shuga yekristaro.

Chii chinonzi moromi natto?

Moromi natto mhando ye natto (bhari yakaviriswa) inogadzirwa nemoromi. Chaizvoizvo, iyo bhari inoculated nekoji mold.

Iyo moromi inoshandiswa kazhinji inosara yekugadzira soy muto kana miso.

Natto inogadzirwa nekusanganisa moromi nesoya bhinzi uye kuita kuti ivirise.

Chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa chikafu chinonamira, chinonamira chine mapuroteni uye chakapfuma mukunaka.

Kusiyana nemoromi yaishandiswa kugadzira sake nesoya muto isingadyiwe, moromi natto chikafu chakakurumbira chinowanzodyiwa sendiro yepadivi kana yemangwanani.

Inogona kushandiswa nemupunga, pamusoro pema noodles, kana kushandiswa sekuwedzera.

dzidza natto inosiyana sei kubva kumiso mukuravira uye kugadzira maitiro pano

Kunotenga moromi

Moromi haisi iyo yemhando yekutenga muchitoro chegirosari.

Sezvo chiri chigadziko chekudya chakaviriswa nezvinwiwa, chinowanzo gadzirwa nevagadziri vekudya uye zvinwiwa zvakaviriswa.

Mamwe makambani anogadzira moromi anosanganisira:

• Iyo kambani Yamasa Corporation
• Nhoroondo ye Kikkoman Corporation
• Nhoroondo ye Marukome Co., Ltd.

Kune mamwe mabhureki muJapan anotakura mamoromi akawanda anogona kushandiswa nevanhu kugadzira sake nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kumba.

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira chikafu chako chakaviriswa uye zvinwiwa, zviri nani kuita yako moromi.

Tora woenda nazvo

Moromi chinhu chakakosha mukudya kwakaviriswa nezvinwiwa, senge, soy muto, uye miso. Iyo inozivikanwawo se "sake mass" nekuda kwechimiro chayo chine bundu.

Moromi akapfuma muvhitamini, zvicherwa, enzymes, uye probiotics, saka chikamu chezvinoita chikafu chakaviriswa uye zvinwiwa zvine hutano.

Chikafu cheJapan chine nhoroondo refu yekuvirisa, uye moromi yave ichishandiswa kwemazana emakore kugadzira chikafu chechinyakare nezvinwiwa sechinwiwa chavo chenyika.

Tevere, tsvaga mamwe mabikirwo anoshamisa aunogona kuita uchishandisa sake

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Joost Nusselder, muvambi weBite My Bun mushambadzi wemukati, baba uye vanofarira kuyedza chikafu chitsva nechikafu cheJapan pamoyo pechishuwo chake, uye pamwe chete nechikwata chake anga achigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubvira 2016 kubatsira vakavimbika vaverengi nemaresipi uye matipi ekubika.