Setsubun Mutambo: Nhoroondo, Tsika, uye Zvinhu Zvekuita muJapan

Author: Joost Nusselder, munyori weThe Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Yakagadziriswa Nyamavhuvhu 26, 2022

Setsubun izuva risati ratanga kwechirimo muJapan. Iri zita rinoreva kuti "chikamu chemwaka", asi kazhinji izwi rinoreva chitubu Setsubun, inodaidzwa kunzi Risshun inopembererwa gore negore muna Kukadzi 3 sechikamu che. Mukubatana kwayo neLunar New Year, chitubu Setsubun inogona uye yaimbofungidzirwa semhando yeEvha Idzva Idzva, uye saka yaiperekedzwa netsika yakakosha yekubvisa zvakaipa zvese zvegore rekare uye kudzinga kuunza zvirwere. mweya yakaipa gore rinouya. Iyi tsika yakakosha inodaidzwa kuti (kureva kuti "kuparadzira bhinzi"). Setsubun ine mabviro ayo, tsika yeChinese yakaunzwa kuJapan muzana ramakore rechisere.

Ngatitarisei nhoroondo uye kukosha kweSetsubun, pamwe netsika nemaitiro.

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Kutsvaga Iwo Akasarudzika Tsika dzeSetsubun

Setsubun mutambo wechinyakare wechiJapan unoitika muna Kukadzi 3 kana 4, zvichienderana nekarenda yemwedzi. Shoko rokuti Setsubun rinoreva “kupatsanurwa kwemwaka,” uye rinoratidza kutanga kwechirimo muJapan. Setsubun inonziwo Risshun, zvinoreva kuti "zuva rekutanga rechirimo."

Mavambo eSetsubun

Setsubun ine midzi yekare uye inosanganiswa nerimwe zuva mukarenda yeChinese. Kare, Setsubun raive zororo repamutemo muJapan panguva yeEdo. Mutambo uyu unosanganisira kugamuchira simba idzva renyika uye kubvisa mweya yakaipa.

Kupembererwa kweSetsubun

Setsubun inowanzopembererwa nenzira yakafanana muJapan yose, asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Hedzino dzimwe nzira dzakajairika idzo vanhu vanopemberera Setsubun:

• Kurasa soya bhinzi dzakakangwa kuti udzinge mweya yakaipa
• Kudya Eho-maki sushi rolls kune rombo rakanaka
• Kupfeka kunge dhimoni reOni
• Kuchenesa imba kugadzirira gore idzva
• Kutarisa kuona kuti zvinhu zvese zviri mugwara regore idzva

Sei Setsubun Yakakosha

Setsubun mutambo unokosha muJapan nekuti unoratidza kutanga kwechirimo uye kutanga kwegore idzva. Inguva yekugamuchira simba idzva nekudzinga mweya yakaipa. Setsubun inguva zvakare yekurangarira zvakapfuura uye kutarisira ramangwana.

Kufumura Iyo Inonakidza Nhoroondo yeSetsubun

Izwi rekuti Setsubun rinobva pamazwi maviri echiJapan, "setsu" zvinoreva mwaka uye "bun" zvinoreva kupatsanura. Mutambo uyu ndewekucherechedza kushanduka kwemwaka, uye inguva yekuti vanhu vachenese dzimba dzavo vachidzinga mweya yakaipa pachivanhu.

Basa reChikafu muSetsubun

Chikafu chikamu chakakosha chemutambo weSetsubun, uye kune akawanda madhishi akakosha ane hukama nechiitiko. Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeEhomaki, rudzi rwesushi roll iyo inowanzodyiwa paSetsubun. Ehomaki inogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira maprawn madiki, zai, uye magaka, uye inofungidzirwa kuti inounza rombo rakanaka regore riri mberi.

Kukosha kweMamemaki

Mamemaki ndechimwe chezvikamu zvakakura uye zvakakurumbira zvemutambo weSetsubun. Zvinosanganisira kukanda zvakakangwa soybeans kumunhu akapfeka seOni (dhimoni) achishevedzera kuti “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” zvinoreva kuti "Madhimoni kunze, rombo rakanaka mukati!" Kurira kwebhinzi kurova pasi kunofungidzirwa kuti kunodzinga mweya yakaipa uye kuunza rombo rakanaka regore riri mberi.

Basa reSetsubun muTsika dzeJapan Nhasi

Nhasi, Setsubun inopembererwa zvakanyanya muJapan yose, uye kuedza kunoitwa kuchengetedza tsika yacho. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha kuvanhu vazhinji, uye inguva apo mhuri dzinoungana kuti dzifarire kudya kwakanaka uye kupemberera kushanduka kwemwaka. Setsubun mutambo wakasarudzika uye unonakidza uri chikamu chakakosha che Japanese culture.

Tsika dzeSetsubun: Kubva paSoybeans Yakakangwa kusvika pakukanda Mweya Yakaipa

Setsubun, zvinoreva “kupatsanurwa kwemwaka,” itsika yechiJapan inoratidza kutanga kwechirimo. Zuva rinozivikanwa senguva yekugamuchira mwaka mutsva nekudzinga mweya yakaipa. Muitiro mukuru unosanganisira kukanda soya bhinzi yakagochwa pane oni (dhimoni) rakatumidzwa zita reWatanabe no Tsuna, murwi wechirume ane mukurumbira kubva munhoroondo yeJapan.

The Mamemaki Ritual

Mamemaki, kana kukanda soya yakakangwa, ndiyo inowanzoitwa panguva yeSetsubun. Zvinosanganisira kukandira tumapakiti tudiki twesoya beans dzakakangwa mumusoro memunhu akapfeka oni mask achishevedzera kuti “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” zvinoreva kuti “Madhimoni abuda, mhanza mukati!” Tsika iyi inoitwa mudzimba nemutemberi nemunzvimbo dzinoera, uye nhengo dzemhuri nevaenzi vakakokwa vanopinda.

Yakanaka uye Yakashata Mhanza yeFuku Mame

Fuku mame, kana bhinzi remhanza, isoya bhinzi isina kuchekwa inowanikwa mumapaketi akakosha eSetsubun. Huwandu hwebhinzi mupakiti rega rega hunosiyana, asi kazhinji kacho 21 kana 63. Bhinzi dzinonzi dzinounza rombo rakanaka, uye vanhu vanodzidya vakatarisa kwakanangana nechiratidzo chavo chezodhiac. Vamwe vanokandawo bhinzi panze pemba yavo kana panzvimbo yakatarwa kuti vadzinge mweya yakaipa.

Iwo akasiyana Maitiro eSetsubun

Nepo tsika yemamemaki ndiyo yakakurumbira tsika yeSetsubun, kune dzimwe tsika nemhemberero dzinoteverwa nevanhu panguva ino. Mamwe emaitiro aya anosanganisira:

• Kudya ehomaki, rudzi rwakakosha rwesushi roll inodyiwa mukunyarara ichitarisana negwara rakanangana nechiratidzo chezodhiac.
• Kubatidza kenduru nekudzokorora munamato wekudzinga mweya yakaipa
• Kukandira fukumame, kana bhinzi ine rombo rakanaka, kunhengo yemhuri yakapfeka mask yeoni kuunza rombo rakanaka kumhuri.

Setsubun inguva yekuti vanhu vaungane vachipemberera kutanga kwechirimo vachidzinga mweya yakaipa uye vachiunza rombo rakanaka muhupenyu hwavo.

Dunhu Rinotenderera paSetsubun

Setsubun haisi mutambo chete, asi zvakare igwara rekuti vanhu vararame hupenyu hwakadzikama. Heano mamwe maonero:

• Setsubun chiyeuchidzo chekutenda kushanduka kwemwaka uye kutenda maropafadzo ezvisikwa.
• Inguva yekufunga nezvegore rapfuura uye kuronga zvinangwa zvegore idzva.
• Setsubun inguva yokuungana semhuri uye kunyengeterera utano hwakanaka uye rombo rakanaka.

Mhemberero Yepamusoro-soro yeSetsubun muJapan

Mhemberero yepamusoro yeSetsubun muJapan inoitika paNaritasan Shinshoji Tembere muChiba Prefecture. Pano, vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni vanouya kuzotora chikamu mu "Mamemaki" kana mhemberero yekukanda bhinzi. Temberi inozivikanwa zvakare neyakakosha Setsubun mupunga makeke, ayo anongowanikwa panguva yemutambo.

Pakazara, Setsubun mutambo une hukama nekuchinja kwemwaka uye kuenzana kwezvisikwa. Inguva yekuungana senharaunda tichipemberera zvakanaka tichidzinga zvakaipa.

Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Kuita paSetsubun

Setsubun mutambo wechinyakare wechiJapan unoratidza kutanga kwegore idzva zvichienderana nekarenda yemwedzi wekare. Mutambo uyu unopembererwa musi wa3 Kukadzi uye unobatanidzwa nekudzinga mweya yakaipa uye kuunza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya. Tsika inonyanyozivikanwa yeSetsubun inonzi "mamemaki," iyo inosanganisira kukanda soya bhinzi yakagochwa kuti udzinge mweya yakaipa. Asi kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzakasiyana tsika nemagariro ane chekuita neSetsubun akakodzera kudzidza nezvazvo.

Tenga Setsubun-Inoenderana Chikafu uye Zvinhu

Masupermarket nezvitoro muJapan zvinotanga kushambadzira chikafu chine hukama neSetsubun kubva kutanga kwaNdira. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira:

• Ehomaki: Sushi roll yakakosha inodyiwa paSetsubun. Zvinotendwa kuti zvinounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya. Mupumburu wacho unowanzozadzwa nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakadai se shrimp, zai, cucumber, uye pickled daikon radish.
• Soya bhinzi yakakangwa: Inowanikwa muzvitoro zvikuru, soya beans idzi dzinoshandiswa kuita mamemaki.
• Setsubun box: Bhokisi rakakosha rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoenderana neSetsubun zvakaita sesoya yakagochwa, mask yedhimoni, uye mbambaira yedanda. Inofungidzirwa kuunza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya.
• Miriwo yakakangwa: Miriwo yakakangwa yakaita segaka uye daikon radish inopihwa sendiro yepadivi paSetsubun. Zvinotendwa kuti zvine simba rekuchenesa uye zvinounza hutano hwakanaka.
• Makeke emupunga anotapira: Anodaidzwa kuti "mochi," aya makeke emupunga anotapira anobikwa akabikwa kana kupiswa uye chikafu chechinyakare cheSetsubun.

Dzidzira Mamemaki Tsika

Mamemaki ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa tsika yakabatana neSetsubun. Zvinosanganisira kukanda soya bhinzi yakagochwa kuti udzinge mweya yakaipa uye nekuunza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya. Heino maitiro ekuzviita:

• Ita kuti hama yako kana shamwari ipfeke sedhimoni nekupfeka mask yedhimoni.
• Mira pamusuwo wemba yako kana imba yako uye wakatarisana nedhimoni.
• Tanga kukanda soya beans yakagochwa kudhimoni uku uchisheedzera kuti “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” zvinoreva kuti “Kubuda nemadhimoni! Muve nerombo rakanaka! "
• Ita shuwa kuti watora soya beans dzese wapedza wodya soya bean imwe pagore rega rega rezera rako.

Edza Ehomaki uye Zvimwe Setsubun Zvikafu

Ehomaki ndeye yakakosha sushi roll inodyiwa paSetsubun. Zvinotendwa kuti zvinounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya. Heino madyiro acho:

• Husiku hweSetsubun, tarisana negwara renzira regore (iro rinoshanduka gore rega rega) uye idya roll yese muchinyararire uchiita chishuwo chegore rinouya.
• Iva nechokwadi chekudya mupumburu kamwe chete usina kuucheka kuita zvidimbu.

Kunze kwe ehomaki, kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvekudya zvine chekuita neSetsubun zvaunogona kuedza:

• Makeke emupunga akabikwa kana akabikwa (mochi)
• Pickled muriwo segaka uye daikon radish
• Soya bhinzi yakagochwa neshuga uye soy muto (inonzi "irimame")
• Sardine yakakangwa (inonzi "tazukuri")

Wana Kusika neSetsubun Crafts

Setsubun inguva yakanaka yekugadzira uye kugadzira mamwe echinyakare echiJapan mhizha. Heano mamwe mazano:

• Gadzira oni mask: Masiki eoni masiki edhimoni anopfekwa panguva yemamemaki. Iwe unogona kugadzira yako oni mask uchishandisa mapepa mache kana nekushandisa template inowanikwa online.
• Gadzira bhokisi reSetsubun: Unogona kugadzira bhokisi rako reSetsubun uchishandisa kadhibhodhi worishongedza nemavara echikanji anoreva “rombo rakanaka” uye “rombo rakanaka.”
• Gadzira mwenje wedhimoni: Mwenje wedhimoni ishongedzo yechinyakare yeSetsubun. Iwe unogona kugadzira yako dhimoni rambi uchishandisa bepa uye kenduru.

Tarisa Mutambo weSetsubun kana Kuita

Setsubun mitambo nemitambo inoitwa muJapan yese. Kazhinji zvinosanganisira mutsimba wesumo ane mukurumbira kana mukurumbira wemuno achikanda soya bhinzi yakagochwa kuboka. Heano mamwe ane mukurumbira Setsubun festivals:

• Asakusa Setsubun Mutambo: Mutambo uyu unoitwa paSenso-ji Tembere muTokyo uye unokwezva zviuru zvevanhu gore rega.
• Kanda Setsubun Mutambo: Mutambo uyu unoitirwa paKanda Myojin Shrine muTokyo uye unosanganisira ane mukurumbira sumo wrestler achikanda soya yakakangwa kuboka revanhu.
• Yoshida Setsubun Mutambo: Mutambo uyu unoitirwa paYoshida Shrine muKyoto uye unosanganisira mhemberero inokosha inonzi "tsuina" iyo inofungidzirwa kuti inounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya.

Hunza Rombo Rakanaka neSetsubun Charms

Setsubun charms zvinhu zvidiki zvinotendwa kuti zvinounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya. Ivo vanowanzo tengeswa kunzvimbo dzinoyera uye tembere panguva yeSetsubun. Heano mamwe ane mukurumbira Setsubun charms:

• Mamemaki charm: Runako urwu rune soya bhinzi yakagochwa uye inofungidzirwa kuti inounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya.
• Ehomaki charm: Runako urwu rune diki ehomaki sushi roll uye inofungidzirwa kuti inounza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya.
• Setsubun box charm: Iri runako rine diki Setsubun bhokisi uye inofungidzirwa kuunza rombo rakanaka regore rinouya.

Ramba uchienda netsika yeSetsubun nemhuri yako neshamwari

Setsubun mutambo unonakidza uye wakasarudzika unopembererwa zvakanyanya muJapan. Nokudzidza nezve tsika dzayo netsika, kuedza kudya kwayo, nekuita tsika dzayo, unogona kuunza rombo rakanaka uye simba rakanaka kuhupenyu hwako. Saka wadii kutanga kutaura nemhuri yako neshamwari nezveSetsubun woriita zuva rinokosha rokutarisira gore negore?

Mamemaki – Kutandara uye Kwechinyakare Kukandira bhinzi paSetsubun

Mamemaki itsika yechinyakare yechiJapan inoitwa paSetsubun, iyo inowanzopembererwa musi wa3 kana 4 Kukadzi. Shoko rokuti “Setsubun” rinoreva “kupatsanurwa kwemwaka,” uye rinoratidza kutanga kwemwaka mutsva. Mamemaki, zvinoreva "kukanda bhinzi," ndiyo tsika huru yeSetsubun uye inonzi tsika inokosha muJapan.

Mamemaki Inotakurwa Sei?

PaMamemaki, vanhu vanokanda soya yakagochwa, inonzi “fuku mame,” mukati nekunze kwedzimba dzavo vachisheedzera kuti “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” zvinoreva kuti “Madhimoni anobuda, Mhanza mukati!” Tsika iyi inotendwa kuti inodzinga mweya yakaipa uye inounza rombo rakanaka nebudiriro mumba.

Sei Mamemaki Ichinzi Yakakosha?

Mamemaki inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inopembererwa muJapan yose uye inoonekwa seimwe yezviitiko zvikuru uye zvakakosha zvegore. Izororo riri pamutemo mune mamwe matunhu enyika, uye vanhu vanotora mamwe matanho ekuona kuti vane zvese zvinodiwa pakuita tsika iyi.

Ndezvipi Zvinosanganiswa zveMamemaki?

Chinhu chikuru cheMamemaki isoya yakakangwa, iyo inotengeswa mumapakiti eSetsubun akakosha muzvitoro muJapan yese. Vamwe vanhu vanowedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semari, siwiti, kana zai kubhinzi kuti vaunze rombo rakanaka nebudiriro.

Chii chinonzi Nhoroondo Kuseri kweMamemaki?

Tsika yeMamemaki yakatanga muzana ramakore re13 uye yakatanga kuitwa kuchenesa imba yese uye kubvisa mweya yakaipa. Nokufamba kwenguva, yakava tsika yakakurumbira kugamuchira gore idzva uye kuunza rombo rakanaka uye kubudirira kumhuri.

Chii Chinokosha cheMamemaki muTsika yeJapan?

Mamemaki itsika yechinyakare muJapan uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya pasirese. Inzira yekuti vanhu vaungane vachipemberera kutanga kwegore idzva vachibvisawo mweya yakaipa vachiunza rombo rakanaka nebudiriro mudzimba dzavo. Maitiro eMamemaki chiratidzo chekukosha kwetsika uye tsika munzanga yeJapan.

Zvinonakidza Zvokudya zveSetsubun Mutambo

Setsubun itsika yakakosha muJapan, uye inopembererwa muna Kukadzi 3 gore rega rega. Vanhu vanofunga kuti musi uyu mweya yakaipa nenhamo zvinodzingwa nekukanda soya bhinzi yakagochwa vachishevedzera kuti “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” (Kubuda nemadhimoni! Mune rombo rakanaka!). Asi Setsubun haisi yekungodzinga mweya yakaipa; ndezvekufarirawo chikafu chinonaka. Hezvino zvimwe zvekudya zvechivanhu zvinodyiwa panguva yeSetsubun:

• ehomaki: Iyi imhando yesushi roll inodyiwa paSetsubun. Iro refu, cylindrical sushi roll iro rakazadzwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana segaka, zai, uye gakanje. Mupumburu unochekwa zvitete wodyiwa chinyararire wakatarisana negwara renzira regore. Zvinotendwa kuti kudya ehomaki kunounza rombo rakanaka uye kubudirira kwegore rose.

• Ozoni: Uyu muto wechinyakare unogadzirwa nemochi (keke remupunga) nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sehuku, muriwo, nehove. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mu ozoni zvinosiyana zvichienderana nenharaunda yeJapan. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda yeKanto, ozoni inogadzirwa nemuto wakajeka, nepo munharaunda yeKansai, inogadzirwa nemiso-based broth. Ozoni ndiro inokosha inoshandiswa paZuva reGore Idzva uye Setsubun.

• Sweet Beans: Dish rinonzi “amazake” inogadzirwa nemupunga wakaviriswa uye unopihwa uchipisa. Chinwiwa chinotapira chinozivikanwa panguva yeSetsubun. Zvinotendwa kuti kunwa amazake kunounza hutano hwakanaka uye kubudirira.

Mazuvano Inotora Setsubun Foods

Nepo chikafu cheSetsubun chechinyakare chichiri kudiwa uye kudyiwa zvakanyanya, kune zvekare zvinotora pandiro idzi dziri kuwedzera kufarirwa. Hezvino zvimwe zvekudya zvemazuva ano zveSetsubun zvaungawane kuJapan:

• Setsubun Bento: Zvitoro zvakawanda zviri nyore uye masupamaketi zvinopa Setsubun-themed bento mabhokisi anouya neakasiyana madhishi. Aya mabhokisi ebento anowanzo kuuya nediki ehomaki roll, bhinzi inotapira, uye mamwe madhishi ane hukama neSetsubun.

• Marasha Akakangwa Ehomaki: Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando itsva ye ehomaki yave yakakurumbira. Iyi ehomaki inonzi "sumibi yaki ehomaki" uye inogadzirwa nekugocha sushi roll pamusoro pemarasha anopisa. Ehomaki yakagochwa ine kakunhuwirira kanopfungaira uye inopihwa inopisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakwana kumwedzi inotonhora.

• Setsubun Egg: Chimwe chikafu chakakurumbira cheSetsubun ndicho "Setsubun tamago." Iri ndiro dhishi rezai rakasimba rinochekwa zvitete uye rinopakwa zvakasiyana siyana zvakaita semayonesi nehanyanisi dzegirinhi. Idishi rine mukurumbira rinopihwa mumaresitorendi akawanda uye rinowanikwawo muzvitoro zvikuru.

mhedziso

Saka ipapo unayo- zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveSetsubun. Iwo mutambo wakasarudzika wechiJapan une midzi yekare inotangisa kutanga kwechirimo. 

Inguva yekurangarira zvakapfuura uye kutarisira ramangwana, uye inzira yakanaka yekupemberera nemhuri uye neshamwari.

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Joost Nusselder, muvambi weBite My Bun mushambadzi wemukati, baba uye vanofarira kuyedza chikafu chitsva nechikafu cheJapan pamoyo pechishuwo chake, uye pamwe chete nechikwata chake anga achigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubvira 2016 kubatsira vakavimbika vaverengi nemaresipi uye matipi ekubika.