Jagora a kan sushi-grade tuna kifi | Maguro (マグロ, 鮪, tuna a cikin Jafananci)

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, marubucin littafin girke-girken abinci mai mahimmanci na Jafananci An sabunta Agusta 25, 2022

The tuna kifi (sunan kimiyya: Thunnini, rukuni na dangin Scombridae) ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan mafarauta na teku waɗanda ke cin sardines da squid yayin zazzage tekun.

Don gamsar da sha'awarsu ta cinye wannan "sarki" na teku, Jafanawa za su kori tuna a ko'ina cikin duniya don kawai su sanya shi a kan teburin cin abinci; bukatu mai karfi da ta sa ta sauya sana'ar kamun kifi matuka.

Labari ne da ya faro tun lokacin da ake samun bunkasuwar tattalin arziki a zamanin baya. Duk da haka, fasahar yin jita-jita ta tuna ta samo asali ne tun zamanin d Japan.

A cikin harshen Jafananci, ana kiran tuna chuna (チューナ) ko maguro (マグロ, 鮪).

A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan tuna iri 6 da ake rarrabawa galibi a kasuwannin Japan. Mafi yawan nau'in tuna da ake nema shine babban tuna bluefin tuna (kuromaguro) da kuma tuna bluefin na kudancin (minamimaguro).

Wani abin da jama'a suka fi so shi ne tuna tuna (mebachi), wanda aka san shi da ɗanɗanonsa na musamman saboda kitsensa. Ana kama mebachi a lokacin kaka da lokacin sanyi yayin da suke tafiya daga gabashin Tekun Japan.

A halin yanzu, albacore tuna (binnaga) ya fi kowa a ciki sushi gidajen cin abinci. Yellowfin (kihaga) da Longtail (koshinaga) tuna suna ƙasan ƙarshen matsayi, amma ba yana nufin cewa sun ɗan ɗanɗana dadi ba. A gaskiya ma, suna sayar da sauran nau'ikan tuna a wasu yankuna a Japan!

Ko da yake duk nau'ikan 6 sune tuna, sun bambanta ta fuskar fuska, wuraren samarwa, dandano, da irin jita-jita da ake amfani da su.

Duba sabon littafin dafa abinci namu

Girke-girke na iyali Bitemybun tare da cikakken mai tsara abinci da jagorar girke-girke.

Gwada shi kyauta tare da Kindle Unlimited:

Karanta kyauta

Nau'ikan tuna guda 6 da ake amfani da su don yin sushi

Wani mai dafa abinci dan kasar Japan ya taɓa cewa yana gode wa alloli da suka ba mu tuna; in ba haka ba, ba za a sami sushi ko sashimi ba. Yin tunani a kan wannan tunanin, zan iya danganta abin da yake nufi kuma hakika ɗanɗanon tuna ba shi da na biyu.

A ƙasa, za ku sami wasu mafi kyawun nau'in tuna da masu dafa abinci na Japan ke amfani da su don yin sushi da sauran kayan abinci na Japan masu dadi.

1. Kuromaguro (Tuna bluefin)

Akwai nau'ikan tuna tuna bluefin guda 2 da ake samu a cikin tekunan mu kuma kowannen su na asali ne na biyu daga cikin 7 na duniya. Ɗayan ana kiransa tuna tuna bluefin Pacific, ɗayan kuma sunan tuna tuna bluefin Atlantika.

Masuntan Jafananci suna kiran su duka biyun “honmaguro” (tunan tuna babban aji). Kuma suna iya girma har zuwa mita 4 a tsayi kuma suna auna har zuwa kilogiram 600, wani lokacin ma fiye!

kuromaguro ƴan ninkaya ne masu saurin gudu waɗanda masanan halittun ruwa ke tafiya a kusa da 50 zuwa 55 mph, kuma suna iya tafiya mai nisa kuma! Lokacin da suke matakin samari, masu dafa abinci suna kiran su "meji" ko "yokowa", kuma galibi ana cin su azaman sashimi.

’Yan Adam suna hulɗa da waɗannan halittun teku tun zamanin da kuma an ambace su a cikin rubuce-rubucen wayewar da suka gabata a kusa da Tekun Bahar Rum a matsayin wani ɓangare na abincinsu.

Har ila yau, mutanen Jomon na Japan na dā suna amfani da kuromaguro a cikin jita-jitansu tun shekaru 16,500 da suka shige!

A yau, ana fitar da tuna tuna bluefin zuwa Japan daga wasu ƙasashe, saboda yawan kamun kifi ya zama babbar matsala a zamaninmu. Sakamakon haka, an gwada iyaka kan kamawa da kuma kiwon ƙwai da matasa tuna a cikin hanyoyin wucin gadi.

Masunta na Japan sun tabbatar da cewa lokacin da ya fi dacewa don kama tuna tuna bluefin shine lokacin kaka da lokacin sanyi, saboda yana tara mafi yawan kitse a cikinsa a cikin waɗannan lokutan. Suna kiran wannan kitsen "toro" kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin nau'in sushi na aji A don dandano mai daɗi, amma naman sa yana da daɗi.

Hakanan dandanon tuna ya bambanta dangane da wurin da aka kama kifi.

Har ila yau karanta: jagorar masu farawa zuwa sushi, koya komai game da sushi

2. Minamimaguro (Tuna bluefin kudu)

Tsakanin lokacin bazara da lokacin rani a Japan, lokacin da kudancin bluefin tuna (minamimaguro) ke ƙaura zuwa tsakiyar latitudes na Kudancin Hemisphere, suna samun kitse mai yawa a cikin cikin su, wanda shine mafi kyawun sashin jikinsu.

Ana kuma kiran irin wannan nau'in tuna "Indo maguro" (Tunan Indiya) kuma tana iya girma har zuwa mita 2 (ƙafa 6.56) a tsayi kuma tana da nauyin kilo 150. Wannan ya sa tuna bluefin kudancin ta zama tuna na biyu mafi girma a duniya bayan kuromaguro (tuna bluefin).

Kafin shekarun 1980, ana amfani da wannan kifi sosai a cikin kayan gwangwani. Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halittu da Albarkatun Ƙasa (IUCN) ta haramta shi tun daga lokacin, kamar yadda kamun kifi ya tilasta musu shigar da shi a cikin Jajayen nau'in jinsin da ke cikin hadarin bacewa.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1994, fiye da ƙasashe 7 da suka haɗa kai suka ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi da albarkatun ƙasa (IUCN) don iyakance kamun tuna tuna don hana ɓacewa.

Kasashen membobin sun haɗa da:

1. Australia
2. Ƙungiyar Kamun kifi ta Taiwan
3. Indonesia
4. Japan
5. Jamhuriyar Koriya
6. New Zealand
7. Afirka ta Kudu
8. Tarayyar Turai

A sakamakon haka, kifin kifi yana farfadowa. A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin minamimaguro da aka kama a duniya ana amfani da su a Japan azaman sinadarai na sashimi. Naman da aka yanka na minamimaguro yana ba da ɗanɗano mai daɗi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano acidic.

Da zarar an yi amfani da kalmar "otoro" (naman ciki mai kitse) ana amfani da shi ne kawai don minamimaguro da kuromaguro kawai. Duk da haka, a yau, kalmar tana nufin "rabo tare da mai yawa" kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya.

3. Mebachi (Bigeye tuna)

Mebachi, ko bigeye tuna, kifi ne da ke zama a cikin wurare masu zafi da yanayin zafi na tekuna. Babban abin da ke bambance shi shine idanuwa da kai, wadanda ba su da daidaito idan aka kwatanta da girman jikin sa, haka nan kuma siffar jikin sa ba ta da kyau.

Mebachi yana da launin nama mai haske musamman. Mebachi yana da ɗanɗanon faɗin matsakaici, babban abun ciki mai kitse (chutoro) tare da marbling kusa da fata, kuma yana da daɗin dandano fiye da tuna tuna yellowfin.

A wasu lokatai da ba kasafai ake samun masunta ba, sun kama tuna tunas da nauyinsu ya haura kilogiram 200. Amma a al'ada, yawanci suna girma har zuwa mita daya kawai kuma suna auna nauyin kilogiram 100.

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, bayan yellowfin tuna (kihada), mebachi ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a kama nau'in tuna a duniya, ta fuskar girma.

Mebachi kuma shine nau'in tuna da aka fi amfani dashi wajen yin sashimi (yanyan kifin yankakken yankakken). Ana aika ƙananan mebachi zuwa masana'antar sarrafa kifi na gwangwani bayan masunta sun kama su.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda yaduwar na'urorin tattara kifin wucin gadi (FAD), manyan kwale-kwalen kamun kifi da ke amfani da kewayen tarukan na kama mebachi da yawa. Wannan ya sake haifar da muhawara kan kifin mebachi, kuma gwamnatocin duniya na iya haifar da sabbin takunkumi kan kamun kifi da sauran nau'in tuna.

'Yan kasuwan da ke cinikin kasuwannin kifi na Japan sun saka farashi mai yawa kan danyen mebachi, musamman wadanda ake kamawa a cikin kaka a gabar tekun Sanriku na yankin Tohoku.

Har ila yau karanta: mafi kyawun girke -girke miya sushi 9 don ƙarin dandano

4. Kihada (Yellowfin tuna)

A lokacin haihuwa, kihada na iya yi kama da kowane kifi. Amma yayin da yake girma, fin bayansa na biyu da na dubura suna karuwa da tsayi kuma suna zama rawaya mai haske, don haka sunansa.

Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashinsa kuma yana da tsayi. Har ila yau, suna iya girma har zuwa mita 2 a tsayi kuma suna auna nauyin kilo 200.

Kamar dan uwansu, mebachi, ana samun waɗannan kifaye a wurare tsakanin wurare masu zafi da zafi a duniya.

Kusan kashi 90% na kama ana samun su ta hanyar kamun kifi seine. Wannan na iya kawo kihada manya da yawa, amma yana barin yara ƙanana su sami 'yanci domin su ci gaba da haɓakar su.

Kafin a sanya takunkumi don kera kifin tuna gwangwani kafin tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ana amfani da kihada don wannan dalili, da kuma sauran kayayyakin da aka sarrafa.

An sake sanya kihada don zama manyan sinadarai na yin sushi da sashimi bayan hana kifin kifi na tuna, duk godiya ga yaduwar wuraren daskarewa da kuma yawan bukatarsa ​​a gidajen cin abinci na Japan.

Kihada yana da fifiko a yankunan yammacin Nagoya. A yammacin Nagoya, Japan, kihada abincin teku ne da aka fi so kuma jan namansa yana da daɗi da daɗi, musamman idan ana kama kifi a lokacin bazara da lokacin rani.

5. Binnaga (albacore tuna)

Tuna binnaga ita ce ƙaramin ɗan uwan ​​sauran kifin tuna da aka ambata a baya. Yana girma zuwa kusan mita 1 a tsayi (mafi girman) kuma yana wasa da ƙanƙara mai tsayi na musamman.

Kitsen ciki na binnaga ana kiransa “bintoro,” wanda ke da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano amma yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.

Jafananci suna kiran wannan kifi "bin", wanda ke nufin "dogon gashi a bangarorin biyu na fuskar mutum". Kodayake yawancin mutane suna kiransa "bincho" ko kuma kawai "dogayen gashi [kifi]".

A wasu yankuna na Japan, ana kuma kiranta da "tonbo" (dragonfly), kuma irin wannan nau'in tuna yakan yi iyo a wurare masu zafi da yanayi na teku na duniya.

An yi la'akari da jikinsa ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da na bonito da kihada, sannan kuma ana yawan amfani da shi wajen kera kifin gwangwani.

Ana kuma kiransa da “kazar teku” ko “fararen nama” wani lokaci, kuma namansa yana ƙara taushi idan aka dafa shi. Saboda haka, ana cin shi azaman soyayyen tasa ko kuma an shirya shi da miya meuniere.

Kamar sauran nau'in tuna da ke cikin wannan jerin, an kuma sake sanya binnaga a matsayin babban sinadaren sushi bayan hana kifin tuna da duniya wuce gona da iri a cikin tekunan Duniya a shekarun 1970.

6. Koshinaga (Tuna Longtail)

Tuna mai tsayi, ko "koshinaga" kamar yadda Jafananci za su kira shi, yana da jiki mai siriri idan aka kwatanta da 'yan uwansa kuma yana da wutsiya mai tsayi musamman, wanda shine sunan da ya samo asali. Tuna mai tsayi yana da fararen tabo na musamman a cikinsa waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa gano shi da zarar an kama shi. Hakanan yana da jan nama mai daɗi da daɗi idan an shirya shi da girke-girke na abincin teku iri-iri.

Ana iya samun koshinaga yana tafiya tare da ruwan Japan, Ostiraliya, da kewayen Tekun Indiya. Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin kowane nau'in tuna kuma yawanci yana girma zuwa 50 cm (mita 0.5) a tsayi. Wani lokaci yana girma zuwa mita 1 a lokaci guda.

A kasar Japan, yawan kifin da ake rarrabawa ya yi kadan, saboda ba ya cikin manyan masana'antar kamun kifi. Duk da haka, a yankunan arewacin Kyushu da Sanin, koshinaga shine abincin teku da aka fi so a lokacin kaka, kamar yadda bonito ba a iya kama shi a wannan yanki na Japan.

An shirya koshinaga daban-daban a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Misali, a Ostiraliya, ana cin nama ko soyayyen tasa, yayin da a Indonesiya, ana amfani da shi azaman sinadari na curry ko kuma ana soya shi.

Menene sushi-grade tuna?

Siyan danyen kifi don amfanin kanku na iya zama ɗan wargaɗi, musamman idan wannan shine karo na farko da zaku yi. Abin sha'awa ne mai tsada kuma kuna son tabbatar da cewa ba shi da lafiya a ci shi, don haka ga jagorar saurin gyara yadda ake tabo da siyan tuna tuna sushi-grade.

A fasaha, babu wani ma'auni na hukuma na "sushi-grade" tuna ko kifi, kodayake shaguna na iya amfani da wannan alamar don sanya samfuran su zama abin burgewa ga abokan ciniki.

Abinda kawai kuke buƙatar yin hankali da shi shine kifin parasitic, kamar salmon. Dole ne ku daskare kifin don kawar da duk kwayoyin cuta kafin ku shirya shi don cinyewa.

Dabarar daskarewar walƙiya an san ita ce hanya mafi kyau don adana daɗaɗɗen tuna da sigar sa lokacin da aka yi shi da kyau nan da nan bayan an kama shi.

Lakabin "sushi-grade" yana nufin cewa tuna (ko wasu nau'in kifi) yana da mafi kyawun ingancin da kantin sayar da ko mai siyar ke bayarwa, kuma wanda suke da tabbaci yana da kyau don cin abinci.

Dukkanin tuna da masunta suka kama ana kawowa a kasuwannin kifi na Japan kuma ana duba su, a ba su daraja, sannan dillalan su yi gwanjonsu.

Wadanda dillalai suka dauka a matsayin mafi kyawun naman kifi ana ba su matsayi mafi girma, wanda shine 1. Yawancin lokaci ana sayar da su ga gidajen cin abinci sushi azaman tuna tuna sushi-grade.

Yadda ake siyan kifin sushi-grade

Zai fi kyau kada ku amince da duk naman kifi a matsayin "sushi-grade", saboda ba duka ba ne kamar yadda suke gani. Madadin haka, yi aikin gida kuma ku yi tambayoyi kafin yin siye.

Anan ga wasu nasihu:

1. Je zuwa wurin da ya dace – Lokacin da kuke neman mafi kyawun naman kifi don siya, koyaushe ku je wurin wani mashahurin mai sayar da kifi ko kasuwa. Nemo wanda ke da ƙwararren ma'aikaci, yana shiga jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun, kuma yana siyar da kayan aikin su gabaɗaya cikin sauri.
2. Zabi mai dorewa - Kowannen mu yana da alaƙar da ke tattare da wannan duniyar, gami da dabbobi. Don haka idan kuna son ba da gudummawa ga tekuna masu lafiya, to ku kasance masu amfani da alhaki. Yi ɗan ɗan bincike don tattara bayanai kan nau'ikan teku da ke cikin haɗari kuma kawai ku sayi kifin da ba a cikin Jajayen Lissafi don adana yawan mutanen da ke cikin wannan jerin. The Monterey Bay Aquarium Watch Food Seafood Watch zai zama wuri mai kyau don farawa.
3. Tambayi tambayoyin da suka dace – A matsayinka na abokin ciniki mai biyan kuɗi, kana da haƙƙin samun ilimi mai kyau da kuma sanar da kai game da kayayyakin abincin teku da kake siya, don haka kada ka yi shakkar yin tambayoyi. Tambayi dillali game da inda kifi ya fito, yadda ake sarrafa shi, da tsawon lokacin da aka yi a wurin. Idan sun sarrafa shi a cikin kantin sayar da su, to, tabbatar da bincika idan kayan aikin sun kasance masu tsabta don hana kamuwa da cuta daga kifin da ba sushi-grade ba.
4. Yi amfani da hankalin ku - Bincika ingancin kifin ta amfani da ma'anar taɓawa da warin ku. Ka tuna cewa kifi ya kamata a ko da yaushe yana wari kamar teku kuma idan bai yi ba, to wannan yana nufin ya daina sabo kuma yana da kyau don ci. Tabbatar cewa kifin ba shi da laushi ko ƙunci, kuma yakamata ya kasance yana da launi mai ɗorewa wanda ke sha'awar idanuwan kowa. Idan ba haka ba, to, ku tsallake siyan ku kuma nemi samfurin kifi mafi kyau a wani wuri, saboda ba shi da kyau a cinye danyen tuna wanda baya sabo.

Dole ne ku tabbatar kun cinye kifi da zarar ya isa wurin girkin ku, saboda abu ne mai lalacewa.

Sannan ku ɗanɗana kowane cizo na kifin sushi, ko kuna amfani da shi a cikin sushi, sashimi, ceviche, ko crudo!

Bayanan abinci mai gina jiki Tuna

Tuna babban ƙari ne ga abincin ku tun da yake ba kawai mai araha ba ne, amma kuma yana da wadataccen tushen omega-3 fatty acids, protein, selenium, da bitamin D.

Gaskiya ne cewa madadin tuna gwangwani ba shi da darajar sinadirai da sabon tuna yake da shi. Koyaya, gwangwani tuna yana da sauƙin shirya kuma ba shi da sauƙin lalacewa.

Ana siyar da bigeye, yellowfin, da bluefin tunas a matsayin nama mai daskarewa ga gidajen abinci na sushi da sauran masu siyar da kayayyaki na ƙarshe, yayin da albacore da ƙetare tuna ana amfani da su ne don samar da kifin gwangwani.

Anan ga bayanin abinci mai gina jiki na USDA akan naman tuna:

• Kalori: 50
• Nauyi: 1g
• sodium: 180 MG
• Carbohydrates: <1g
• Fiber: <1g
• Sugar: 0 g
• Protein: 10g

Dangane da wannan rahoto, yanzu mun san cewa tuna yana da ƙarancin carbohydrates kuma yana da ƙarancin fiber ko sukari kaɗan.

Bayan an faɗi haka, ƙila za ku so ku ƙara abincinku tare da sauran abincin da za su daidaita abin da tuna ya rasa, saboda yana iya zama ƙasa da cikawa da kansa fiye da sauran kifi.

Har ila yau karanta: wannan shine sushi eel, kun ɗanɗana?

Fat in tuna

Tuna yana da ƙarancin mai. A zahiri, kawai yana da 2% na kitse gabaɗaya a cikin Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka (AHA) ta ba da shawarar izinin yau da kullun (RDA), wanda shine 3.5 oz (kofin 3/4). Amma duk da haka ya ƙunshi adadi mai kyau na omega-3 fatty acid.

An gano nau'ikan tuna daban-daban suna ɗauke da kitse daban-daban. Anan akwai nau'ikan tuna daban-daban dangane da abin da ke cikin kitse daga mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta: tuna tuna bluefin, gwangwani fari albacore tuna, tuna haske gwangwani, tuna skipjack sabo, da sabon tuna tuna yellowfin.

Protein a cikin tuna

Naman Tuna yana da gram 5 na furotin ga kowane oza nasa, wanda ya sa ya zama tushen wannan sinadari mai kyau baya ga sauran nau'ikan nama kamar kaji, naman alade, ko naman sa.

A yadda aka saba, gwangwani na tuna yana ɗauke da aƙalla 5 na naman kifi, wanda yakamata ya ba ku kusan kashi 50% na jimlar RDA don furotin a cikin abincin ku.

Micronutrients a cikin tuna

Cin aƙalla oza 2 na naman tuna zai ba da kusan kashi 6% na RDA don bitamin D da bitamin B6, 15% don bitamin B12, da 4% don baƙin ƙarfe.

Vitamin D yana da mahimmanci don tsarin rigakafi ya yi aiki. A halin yanzu, bitamin B da baƙin ƙarfe suna taimakawa ci gaba da aikin salula mafi kyau ta hanyar fitarwa da jigilar makamashi daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta.

Amfanin kiwon lafiya

Nau'in kifin tuna yana da kyawawan kitse na omega-3 wanda ke taimaka wa zuciyar ku cikin koshin lafiya.

Yadda waɗannan ƙwayoyin cholesterol masu kyau suke aiki shine suna taimakawa rage triglycerides a cikin jini, hana haɗarin haɓaka bugun bugun zuciya (arrhythmia), da kuma rage ƙuruciyar plaque a cikin arteries.

Manyan acid guda biyu na omega-2 da aka samu a cikin tuna sune:

• Omega-3 EPA (mai kitse mai hana kumburin salula)
• Omega-3 DHA (mai fatty acid wanda ke inganta lafiyar ido da kwakwalwa)

Wani fa'idar kiwon lafiya da zaku samu daga cin tuna shine samun adadin selenium mai kyau. 2 oz na tuna kuma yana samun 60% na adadin da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullun na selenium.

Wannan sinadari yana da mahimmanci a cikin haifuwa da lafiyar thyroid. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen kare jikin ku daga lalacewar iskar oxygen.

Samo kanku sushi-grade tuna don abubuwan halitta masu ban mamaki

Bayan karanta wannan labarin, yanzu kun san komai game da nau'ikan tuna daban-daban da yadda ake samo nau'ikan nau'ikan sushi-grade don ƙirƙirar sushi da sashimi. Tabbatar cewa kun yi ƙwazo kuma ku sayi ba kawai tuna sushi-grade ba, har ma cewa kun samo shi daga tushe mai ɗorewa. Za ku ci gaba da yin aikin ku don kula da duniya yayin da kuke ci gaba da cin abinci masu daɗi sushi!

Kara karantawa: menene teppanyaki daidai kuma ta yaya zan yi?

Duba sabon littafin dafa abinci namu

Girke-girke na iyali Bitemybun tare da cikakken mai tsara abinci da jagorar girke-girke.

Gwada shi kyauta tare da Kindle Unlimited:

Karanta kyauta

Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Bite My Bun shine mai siyar da abun ciki, uba kuma yana son gwada sabon abinci tare da abincin Jafananci a tsakiyar sha'awar sa, kuma tare da tawagarsa yana kirkirar labaran blog mai zurfi tun daga 2016 don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci. tare da girke -girke da nasihun girki.