Furikake: Zikutanthauza Chiyani Ndipo Zachokera Kuti?

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 18, 2022

Ngati ndinu wokonda kudya kapena posachedwapa mwapeza malo odyera ku Japan, mwina mwawonapo anthu akuwaza zokometsera zokongola pampunga wawo.

Furikake amachokera ku mawu achijapani akuti "furi" kutanthauza "kuwaza" ndi "kake" kutanthauza "pamwamba." Kotero, furikake amatanthauza "kuwaza pamwamba."

Chifukwa chake mawuwa alibe chochita ndi zosakaniza, koma zambiri ndi zochita kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwina ndichifukwa chake pali zokometsera zambiri (onaninso ndemanga zathu zabwino zamtundu wa furikake)

Furikake ndi waku Japan wouma nyengo ankatanthauza kuwaza pamwamba pa mpunga. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chisakanizo cha nsomba zouma ndi zouma, zokazinga mbewu za sesame, udzu wodulidwa wa nori, shuga, mchere, ndi monosodium glutamate, wat wabwino kuwonjezera umami.

Zosakaniza zina zokometsera monga katsuobushi (nthawi zina amasonyezedwa pa phukusi ngati bonito), okaka (bonito flakes wothira ndi msuzi wa soya ndi zouma kachiwiri), tinthu tating'ono ta salimoni towumitsidwa, shiso, dzira, miso ya ufa, masamba, ndi zina zotero, nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kusakaniza.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino za zakudya za ku Japan ndikuti zimaphatikiza zokometsera pa chakudya chimodzi - ndipo furikake ndi imodzi mwa njira zopezera kukoma kochuluka pa supuni imodzi.

Furikake, wotchedwa "fuh-ree-kaw-kee," zokometsera zake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera mpunga, koma zimakonda pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chomwe mungaganizire.

Furikake amawaza kuti awonjezere crunch ndi kukoma ku nsomba, masamba, ndi mpunga wophika.

Gawo labwino kwambiri ndiloti mutha kupanga zosakaniza zanu, kuwongolera zomwe zili mmenemo poyika zochepa kapena zochulukirapo monga momwe mumafunira.

Zokometsera za Furikake zimapatsa gwero lalikulu la zomanga thupi ndi zina monga calcium. Idayambitsidwa koyamba kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa calcium ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya m'thupi la anthu aku Japan, makamaka pakati pa ana.

Furikake nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira komanso yowala kwambiri. Ali ndi nsomba zochepa kapena zokometsera nsomba ndi uzitsine wa zokometsera zokometsera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachakudya cha ku Japan kwa mipira ya mpunga ngati onigiri awa ndi zakudya zosakaniza.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, furikake yatchuka kwambiri m'maiko akumadzulo komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu amaigwiritsa ntchito ngati zokometsera nsomba yokazinga kapena yophika, zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula, ndi nsomba yaiwisi ndi masaladi a nyama.

Ku Japan, mutha kupeza furikake m'sitolo iliyonse. Ndipo kunja kwa dzikolo, masitolo ambiri aku Asia ndi masitolo ogulitsa zakudya ali ndi kanjira kokhala ndi zokometsera zosiyanasiyana za furikake kapena mutha kuzipeza pamsika waku Japan waku Japan.

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Kodi furikake imakoma bwanji?

Furikake ili ndi kukoma kokoma, umami komwe kuli koyenera kuwonjezera kununkhira kwakuya ku mbale. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera zokha kapena kuwonjezeredwa ku ma sauces kapena mavalidwe ena.

Zokometsera zambiri zimachokera ku njere zoyera za sesame, koma kukoma kwa mchere wamchere wa nori kumathandizanso kuti izi zikhale zozama kwambiri.

Lili ndi zinthu zochokera kunyanja monga nori seaweed ndi ziphuphu za bonito (zouma za tuna) kotero imakhala ndi kukoma kwa nsomba ndipo ndi yamchere. Koma, ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa izi chifukwa nthangala za zitsamba zimaperekanso kununkhira kwa nutty kokoma.

Pazonse, nditha kufotokoza kukoma ngati umami. Ndi nyengo yokometsera kotero yembekezerani kumva phokoso m'kamwa mwanu.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya furikake ndi iti?

Kodi mumadziwa kuti furikake ndi nyengo yotchuka ya ana? Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokometsera zokometsera za mpunga ndi ndiwo zamasamba kulimbikitsa ana kuti adye chakudya chawo.

Koma, masiku ano akulu amakondadi zokongoletsa izi ndipo zokoma zatsopano zimapangidwa nthawi zonse.

Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri za furikake ndi sanso womwe ndi tsabola waku Japan ndipo zokometsera izi ndizabwino kupangira chakudya chosasangalatsa.

Mtundu wina wotchuka ndi wasabi ndi kukoma kwamphamvu.

Ndiye, muli ndi classic bonito flake furikake (katsuo) ndi noritama zopangidwa ndi Nori seaweed ndi tamago. Awa ali ndi tiziduswa tating'onoting'ono ta nsomba zomwe mutha kuwona.

Komanso yotchuka koma yosafala kwambiri, muli ndi chifukwa nsomba furikake ndi mtundu wa cod (tarako) ndipo izi ndi zabwino kwa okonda nsomba.

Furikake yambiri ilibe nkhono kapena mtedza uliwonse kotero ndizotetezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa koma nthawi zonse amayang'ana kaye. Ndipo zowonadi, yang'anirani ngati simukugwirizana ndi nthangala za zitsamba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu furikake.

Kodi furikake inachokera kuti?

Lingaliro la furikake ndi lakale kwambiri. Koma, zokometsera zenizeni zotchedwa furikake zimayambira kumapeto kwa ma 1950.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri izi zisanachitike, amapangidwa kuchokera ku nsomba zouma monga shark, red snapper, ndi salimoni koma sinali furikake yomwe timadziwa lero. 

Furikake idachokera ku Japan zaka mazana 12 zapitazo. Poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosungira nsomba ngati ma flakes kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta pa mpunga, koma idadziwika ngati zokometsera m'ma 1920s pomwe katswiri wazamankhwala Suekichi Yoshimaru adapeza njira yoti agwiritse ntchito kuthana ndi vuto la ku Japan la kuchepa kwa calcium.

Amati Suekichi Yoshimaru adapanga furikake monga tikudziwira.

Furikake, mosiyana ndi zakudya zina zaku Japan zaka mazana ambiri, ndichikhalidwe chatsopano.

M'malo mwake, gawo losangalatsa la mbiri yake ndikuti furikake sanapangidwe ndi wophika kuti awonjezere kununkhira, koma ndi wamankhwala kuti azipereka zowonjezera zowonjezera!

Zokometsera zimatchedwa "Furi Kakeru," mneni wachijapani wotanthauza "kuwaza."

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi & nkhondo

Furikake yamakono idapangidwa mu nthawi ya Taisho (1921-1926). Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chakudya m'deralo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Japan chidakwera ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu pakati pa 1867 ndi 1912.

Inali nthawi yankhondo komanso umphawi wamba. Ufumu waku Japan unkachulukirachulukira mphamvu zake zankhondo. Nkhondo zambiri zidachitika kuti zikulitse ulamuliro wake. Makina ankhondo adayatsidwa mafuta koyamba, chifukwa chake ku Japan kudasowa chakudya.

Chakudya chopanda thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi chidapangitsa kuti anthu ndi gulu lankhondo likhale ndi vuto lalikulu la calcium.

Katswiri wina wamankhwala anali ndi nkhawa ndi kuchepa kashiamu muzakudya zaku Japan.

Suekichi Yoshimaru, wamankhwala, adabwera ndi lingaliro la calcium yowonjezera kuchokera m'mafupa a nsomba kuti athetse kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi. 

Yoshimaru adaganiza kuti ana sangakonde kukoma kwa nyama yamtengo wapatali, motero adasakaniza ndi nthangala za sesame ndi ma nori flakes. Anati apange ufa kuchokera ku nsomba zouma, zomwe zili ndi calcium.

Kuphatikiza zitsamba ndi zitsamba (shiso), adapanga ufa womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha calcium kwa anthu omwe sakonda nsomba. Chifukwa chake ndi momwe furikake adakhalira.

Masiku ano, furikake sikungokhala zokometsera ngakhale. Ndi njira yothandizira thanzi la anthu aku Japan kudzera pachakudya chifukwa sichimawerengedwa ngati chowonjezera. 

Gohan Palibe Tomo

Ufa wapachiyambi wa Yoshimaru ndiye woyamba wa furikake ndipo umatchedwa Gohan Palibe Tomo. 

Gohan Palibe TomoKuchita bwino kudalimbikitsa Seiichirou Kai kuyesa mtundu wake. Ufa ndi ithimochi (white croaker fish), yophikidwa mumsuzi wosakaniza wa soya.

Kenako, idasokonekera ndipo idasakanizidwa ndi nthangala za sesame ndi nori. Chizindikiro cha Kai chimatchedwa Kore wa Umai kapena “Izi Ndi Zabwino.” Bizinesi yake idakulira ku Tokyo komwe adapanga kununkhira kwamchere wa noritama komanso kununkhira kwa dzira.

Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, asitikali adalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa asitikali ngati Gohan Palibe Tomo, zomwe zinali zotsika mtengo komanso zowoneka bwino.

Asirikali anali okondedwa kwambiri ndi asirikali, ndipo adayamba kutchuka atabwerera kwawo.

Zokomazi zidadziwika kuti furikake mu 1959 ndipo akugwiritsabe ntchito dzinali mpaka pano. 

Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito furikake motani?

Furikake ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa zokometsera za mpunga wa ku Japan ndikuwaza pamwamba pa mpunga wamba kapena mbale zina kuti muwonjezere kukoma.

Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokometsera mu sosi kapena zokometsera, kapenanso kuwonjezeredwa ku supu kapena mphodza.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa furikake ndi togarashi?

Togarashi ndi ufa wa tsabola waku Japan womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera. Imakhala ndi zokometsera, zokometsera, pomwe furikake imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, umami.

Togarashi ndi ufa chabe, pamene furikake ndi flakes zambiri ndi tiziduswa ta m'nyanja.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa furikake ndi gomasio?

Gomasio ndi zokometsera za ku Japan zopangidwa kuchokera ku nthangala za sesame ndi mchere. Ili ndi nutty, kakomedwe kake, pamene furikake ili ndi kakomedwe kake, umami ndi kukoma kokoma. Gomasio ndi pansi pamene furikaki ndi yopyapyala ndipo ili ndi zidutswa zazikulu.

Momwe mungasungire furikake

Furikake ikhoza kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, ouma kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ikatsegulidwa, ndi bwino kuisunga m’chidebe chotsekereza mpweya kuti isagwe.

Zakudya zotchuka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito furikake

Zakudya zina zodziwika zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito furikake ndi izi:

-Onigiri (mipira ya mpunga ya ku Japan): Onigiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga womwe umapangidwa kukhala mpira kapena mawonekedwe a katatu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakulungidwa ndi udzu wa m'nyanja. Furikake nthawi zambiri amawaza pamwamba.

-Omurice (mpunga wa omelet waku Japan): Omurice amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga wokazinga ndi omelet wa dzira pamwamba. Furikake nthawi zambiri amawaza pa mpunga mkati.

-Curry waku Japan: Curry yaku Japan imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga nyama, masamba, ndi mpunga. Furikake nthawi zambiri amawaza pamwamba pa curry yaku Japan kuti awonjezere kukoma.

-Ramen: Ramen ndi msuzi waku Japan wopangidwa kuchokera ku msuzi, Zakudyazi, ndi toppings zosiyanasiyana. Furikake nthawi zambiri imawazidwa pamwamba pa ramen ndipo mumadya isanamira ndikukhala mushy.

Kodi furikake ndi wathanzi?

Furikake ndi gwero labwino la kashiamu, ayironi, ndi vitamini A. Lilinso ndi macalorie ochepa komanso mafuta ochepa. Komabe, ili ndi sodium yambiri, choncho ndikofunika kuidya pang'onopang'ono.

Furikake ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yowonjezeramo kukoma ndi zakudya zowonjezera ku mbale zanu. Ndi zosunthika zokometsera.

Inde, furikake nthawi zambiri amakhala wathanzi.

Zomera zam'nyanja za Dulse zili ndi calcium komanso magnesium yambiri. Mulinso potaziyamu wambiri, magnesium, mapuloteni, ndi fiber.

Dulse, monga udzu wonse wam'madzi, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe za ayodini. Mchere wofunikirawu ndi wofunikira kuti chithokomiro chanu chizitha kuyendetsa kagayidwe kanu, mtima wanu, komanso magwiridwe antchito anu, kukuthandizani kuganiza bwino. 

Pafupifupi zinthu zonse za furikake ndizotetezeka. Musagwiritse ntchito furikake ngakhale pang'ono ndikuidya mosapitirira muyeso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa sodium. Kuchepa pang'ono kumanyamula kununkhira kwamphamvu. 

Nyengoyi imakhala ndi mchere wambiri chifukwa cha msuzi wa soya komanso nyemba zam'madzi zokometsera. Zotsatira zake, a Zokometsera zimakhala zamchere kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kupewedwa ndi omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri.

Vuto limodzi ndi furikake ndikuwonjezera kwa MSG (Monosodium glutamate). Sizinthu zonse za furikake zomwe zimakhala ndizowonjezerazi. Chifukwa chomwe amati MSG ndiyabwino paumoyo ndikuti imachulukitsa maselo amitsempha.

Werenganinso: kodi furikake imayipa ndikutha ntchito kapena mutha kuyisunga?

Kutsiliza

Furikake ili ndi zambiri zotipatsa, kuyambira kukoma mpaka kulowa muzakudya zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri. Koma koposa zonse, ndi njira yosavuta yowonjezerera kuphika ku Japan ku mbale zanu.

Werenganinso: iyi ndiye njira yathu yoyesera komanso yoyesedwa kunyumba ya furikake

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.