Shiso Perilla: Momwe Mungaidyere ndikuphika nayo

Author: Caroline Grinsted, wakale wophika wamkulu wa Muse Berlin wodziwika bwino pazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi Lolembedwa ndi: Joost Nusselder, mlembi wa cookbook Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa February 8, 2024

Shiso (しそ, 紫蘇) ndiye mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ophikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zaku Japan ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazokometsera zake zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu. Ku Japan, amatchedwanso chomera cha beefsteak, timbewu ta Japan, kapena Ooba (大葉) ndipo amadziwikanso kuti perilla, kuchokera ku dzina lachilatini lakuti Perilla frutescens.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya shiso: mbewu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimabzalidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Japan ndi shiso yobiriwira ndi yofiira. Shiso angatanthauze mitundu yofiira kapena yobiriwira; komabe Ooba (大葉) amatanthauza masamba otoledwa a shiso wobiriwira.

Zigawo zonse za shiso zimatha kudyedwa, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza monga zokometsera za sushi, supu ndi saladi, zokongoletsedwa ngati masamba obiriwira, kapena zopaka utoto ndi kununkhira kwa zakumwa zotsekemera. ndi zotsekemera.

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

Yesani kwaulere ndi Kindle Unlimited:

Werengani kwaulere

Ndi gawo liti la shiso lomwe limadyedwa?

Chigawo chilichonse cha shiso chimadyedwa, shiso yobiriwira ndi yofiira.

Masamba nthawi zambiri amadyedwa yaiwisi mu saladi kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulunga sashimi. Zimayambira ndi mphukira zamaluwa zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena kuphika.

Maluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera mu mbale zophikidwa, pamene masamba ndi maluwa okhwima amatha kuphikidwa ndi tempura, malinga ndi He-Ci Yu, Kenichi Kosuna ndi Megumi Haga m'buku lawo la 1997 Perilla.

Chipatso cha chomera cha shiso, kambewu kakang'ono kambewu, amathiridwa mchere ndikusungidwa ngati zokometsera, kapena kuphwanyidwa kuti atulutse mafuta, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa perilla seed oil. Horiuchi Egoma ndi m'modzi waku Japan wopanga mafuta ambewu ya perilla.

Shiso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati therere la mphika, kapena wobiriwira, wokhala ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono, ndipo amapezeka m'maphikidwe ambiri otchuka a ku Japan.

Kodi shiso ndi therere kapena wobiriwira?

Shiso amaonedwa kuti ndi therere, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati wobiriwira pofuna zophikira.

M'mawu ophikira, therere limatanthauzidwa ngati chomera chomwe masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa pophika kuti awonjezere kukoma; mosiyana ndi zobiriwira, zomwe ndi masamba a chomera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka ngati chinthu chachikulu.

Masamba a Shiso nthawi zambiri amaphwanyidwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa chakudya cha ku Japan; muzochitika izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati therere kuti awonjezere ndi kukweza mbale kumapeto.

Komabe, masamba a shiso, mphukira, maluwa, ndi tsinde nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufota ndi kutentha kwa kuphika, monga momwe amadyera nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimaphikidwa pang'onopang'ono ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera za herbaceous ku zosakaniza zina, koma zimatha kutenthedwa kapena kutenthedwa ndi manja akuluakulu, monga masamba a masamba monga sipinachi.

Kodi shiso amakoma bwanji?

Shiso ali ndi kukoma kwatsopano kowala komwe kumakumbutsa timbewu ta mandimu kapena basil. Ilinso ndi zolemba zakuthwa, zonunkhira za sinamoni, tsabola wa nyenyezi, ndi cilantro. Masamba a chomera makamaka nthawi zina amafanizidwa ndi ginger.

Shiso yofiyira ndi yakuthwa, yamphamvu komanso yokometsera yokhala ndi mawu owawa pang'ono. Ndiwowoneka bwino, wobiriwira, komanso wa citrus; pang'ono astringent. Ena amachiyerekezera ndi cloves, chitowe, fennel kapena mowa; komabe basil ndi timbewu timakonda kwambiri.

Ndi njira ziti za shiso zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti mumve kukoma komweko?

Njira zabwino zopezeka m'malo mwa shiso ndi basil ndi timbewu tonunkhira, makamaka basil waku Thai ndi timbewu ta mandimu. Zimakhala pafupi ndi shiso zikasakanikirana.

Masamba a perilla aku Vietnamese amachokera ku mtundu womwewo ndipo amafanana kwambiri; komabe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza kuposa shiso yokha.

Malingana ndi mbale yomwe mukuphika, mungakonde kuyesa kuphatikizapo ma cloves ochepa, sinamoni, cilantro, fennel kapena ginger. monga m'malo mwa shiso.

Ndi maphikidwe otani a ku Japan omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shiso?

Masamba atsopano a shiso nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulunga zidutswa za sashimi, kapena zimapezeka ngati zokongoletsa pa mbale za sushi. Masamba ndi maluwa amathanso kuviikidwa mu tempura batter kumbali imodzi ndi yokazinga kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati gawo la mbale yosakanikirana ya tempura.

Magulu a maluwa a shiso, kapena masamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera mu supu. Wophika wopuma wa ku Japan a Marc Matsumoto amawagwiritsa ntchito mu Chinsinsi chake chozizira cha miso.

Mbeu za Shiso (shiso no mi) zimathiridwa mchere ndikusungidwa ngati zokometsera. Joy Larkcom akupereka lingaliro lakuti awaphatikize ndi daikon kuti apange saladi yosavuta, m'buku lake lophika la 2007 Oriental Vegetables.

Bruce Rutledge akufotokoza za Zakudyazi za tarako ndi shiso m’buku lake lakuti Kuhaku & Other Accounts ochokera ku Japan.

Masamba ofiira a shiso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga umeboshi (ma plums) ngakhale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano chifukwa cha mtundu wawo osati chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Masamba a Shiso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maphikidwe kuti mulowetse madzi a shuga ndi mtundu ndi kukoma, kwa pinki yowoneka bwino, mandimu, zolemba za zitsamba, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga gelée.

Mumaphika bwanji shiso?

Shiso ikhoza kuphikidwa mu imodzi mwa njira zisanu ndi ziwirizi kuti muwonjezere kukoma kwake kwapadera.

1. Masamba a Shiso amagwiritsidwa ntchito yaiwisi ngati zokongoletsa kapena topping kuti awonjezere kutsitsimuka, kununkhira, mtundu, ndi mawonekedwe a sushi, Zakudyazi, kapena mbale zina.
2. Shiso nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsa madzi amadzimadzi kapena zakumwa zina, makamaka shiso wofiira. Zakumwazo zimakhala zopangira zakumwa kapena zokometsera, monga madzi, gelée, ayisikilimu, kapena sorbet.
3. Masamba a Shiso ndi maluwa amatha kumizidwa mu tempura batter ndi yokazinga.
4. Masamba a Shiso amathanso kutsukidwa m'manja ngati masamba obiriwira, pamodzi ndi zimayambira ndi mphukira.
5. Maluwa a Shiso ndi masamba amatha kuzifutsa ndikudyedwa ngati zokometsera.
6. Masamba ophwanyika a shiso ndi mphukira zimatha kugwedezeka kukhala supu.
7. Chomera chonse cha shiso chikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina kuti mupange msuzi wa pesto.

Ikasungidwa bwino kapena ikakula mwatsopano, shiso imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale zambiri zodziwika bwino kuti zipereke kukoma, zakudya komanso thanzi.

Kodi mumasunga bwanji shiso?

Shiso pa tsinde ndi bwino kusungidwa molunjika, ndi kudula kumathera mu kapu ya madzi, kaya pakhomo la furiji kapena pamwamba pa kauntala.

Kapenanso, kulungani masamba a shiso momasuka mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuyika mufiriji.

Ngati shiso sigwiritsidwa ntchito patatha masiku ochepa, phwanyani masambawo, ikani mu thaulo lamapepala opindidwa ndikuundana.

Kodi mtengo wa shiso ndi wotani?

Shiso ndi wolemera mu carotene, mavitamini A, B1, B2, B6, C, E, ndi K, ndi mchere wambiri wofunikira kuphatikizapo calcium, iron, potaziyamu, magnesium, ndi zinki.

Masamba ali ndi fiber zambiri ndi riboflavin ndipo ali ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.

Kodi ubwino wa shiso paumoyo ndi wotani?

Chomera cha shiso chili ndi mankhwala odziwika komanso mapindu angapo azaumoyo.

Malinga ndi famu ya Nama Yasai, alimi a zitsamba zaku Japan kwanthawi yayitali, masamba a shiso amatengedwa ngati mankhwala othandiza pa mphumu, chifuwa, chimfine ndi kupweteka, komanso kuchepetsa kusagwirizana ndi matenda monga hay fever.

Shiso yatchulidwanso kuti imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo ili ndi chinthu chokhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya zomwe zingalepheretse kuwononga chakudya.

Amatengedwa ngati mankhwala azitsamba mu Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Mumakula bwanji shiso?

Shiso ikhoza kulimidwa kuchokera ku njere. Bzalani njere m'nyumba masabata 4 mpaka 6 chisanafike chisanu chomaliza. Mbewuzo zidzamera m’masiku 7 mpaka 21 pa 70°F (21°C). Kuti kamere bwino, zilowerereni njere m'madzi kwa maola 24 musanabzale. Shiso imakula bwino padzuwa lathunthu mpaka pamthunzi pang'ono, m'nthaka yachonde, yopanda madzi.

Zomera za Shiso zimafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Zomera zokhazikika zimamera munthaka youma pang'ono koma zimakula bwino m'nthaka yomwe imakhala yonyowa.

Shiso imatha kulimidwa m'mitsuko yosachepera mainchesi 6 kuya ndi kufalikira. M'nyengo yozizira, bzalani zomera m'miphika m'nyumba. Ikani zomera pawindo lowala. Kukula kwa mbiya ndi chisankho chabwino m'malo omwe kufalikira kwa shiso kuyenera kukhala kochepa.

Kodi shiso ndi wovuta?

Inde, m'madera ena a ku United States, shiso amaonedwa kuti ndi zitsamba zowononga. Amadziwika kuti amafalikira mwachangu komanso mbewu yake mosavuta, mofanana ndi mamembala ena a banja la timbewu.

Komabe, imatha kulamuliridwa mosavuta m'dimba pochotsa maluwa kuti apewe kudzibzala okha komanso poganizira kukula kwa chidebe ngati njira ina yobzala pansi.

Kodi shiso ndi therere lodziwika bwino la ku Japan?

Inde, shiso ndi therere lodziwika kwambiri ku Japan.

Patsamba lake lophika la ku Japan "Just One Cookbook", Namiko Hirasawa Chen akuti shiso sikuti ndi imodzi yokha zitsamba zodziwika bwino zophikira ku Japan, koma imatengedwanso kuti ndi imodzi mwazokometsera 7 za zakudya zaku Japan.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa shiso ndi sesame?

Shiso ndi sesame ndi zomera zosiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Masamba a sesame nthawi zambiri sadyedwa.

Komabe, masamba a shiso nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la "masamba a sesame". Mukawona masamba odyedwa olembedwa kuti "masamba asesame" amakhala masamba a shiso.

Ngakhale kuti zomera zimakhala zosiyana ndi zamoyo, chifukwa cha zophikira, masamba a shiso ndi "masamba a sesame" amatha kusinthidwa.

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

Yesani kwaulere ndi Kindle Unlimited:

Werengani kwaulere

Caroline poyamba anatsegula zitseko za nyumba yake ku Berlin kwa alendo, yomwe posakhalitsa inagulitsidwa. Kenako adakhala wophika wamkulu wa Muse Berlin, Prenzlauer Berg, kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, wodziwika ndi "chakudya chotonthoza padziko lonse lapansi."