Kombu: zomwe muyenera kudziwa za m'nyanja ya Japan iyi

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 24, 2022

Pali zokometsera zambiri za ku Japan zotchuka. Nyanja kapena kelp ndi chimodzi mwazakudya zodziwika bwino za umami.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mbale zamitundu yonse!

Zakudya za ku Japan zimadziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masamba a m'nyanja. Izi ndi zopatsa thanzi komanso zokoma, choncho ndizodziwika pakati pa anthu ambiri osamala za thanzi.

Kombu kelp ndi imodzi mwamasamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophika ku Japan.

M'nkhaniyi, ndikugawana zambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa za kombu ndi chiyani, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kuphika ku East Asia, komanso chifukwa chake ndizodziwika bwino (chidziwitso: ndi chopatsa thanzi kwambiri!)

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Kodi kombu ndi chiyani?

Kombu (konbu, 昆布 mu Chijapani) ndi udzu wodyedwa wa ku Japan kapena kelp. Amalimidwa ndi kugulitsidwa m'nyanja. Ili ndi kukoma kwa umami ndipo ili ndi mchere wambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera, zokongoletsa, komanso zopangira muzakudya zambiri za ku Japan.

• Kombu ndi wa banja la seaweed Laminariaceae ndipo amatengedwa ngati kelp yodyedwa.
• Ili ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda mu mawonekedwe ake atsopano ndi owuma
• Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomera zina zam'nyanja zodyedwa monga wakame, arame, ndi hijiki.
• Kombu kelp ili ndi kukoma kwa umami.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko amitundu yambiri ya msuzi komanso ngati zokometsera.
• Kombu yaku Japan imapangidwa kuchokera ku kelp yomwe yawumitsidwa ndikudulidwa kukhala timizere tating'onoting'ono.

Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri kuphika ku Japan.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga dashi, mtundu wa msuzi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophikira zakudya zambiri za ku Japan.

Chifukwa chomwe kombu imakonda kwambiri kuphika ku Japan ndi chifukwa cha zakudya zake zambiri.

Ndi gwero labwino lazakudya zopatsa thanzi, mchere (kuphatikiza ayodini, magnesium, calcium), ndi mavitamini (makamaka vitamini K).

Japan ndiye wogula komanso wopanga kombu wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi. Akuti anthu a ku Japan amadya pafupifupi matani 10,000 a kombu pachaka!

Koma, kombu sizofanana ndi wakame ndi Western-type kelp.

Kodi kombu amatanthauza chiyani?

Mawu akuti kombu mu Chingerezi amatanthauza udzu wakuda wakuda kapena kelp wochokera ku banja la algae la bulauni Laminaria, la gulu la Phaeophyceae.

M'Chijapani, amalembedwa kuti konbu ndipo amatanthauza zomwezo.

Kodi Kombu amakoma bwanji?

Kombu imadziwikanso ndi kukoma kwake kwa umami. Imafotokozedwa bwino kuti ndi yofatsa, yokhala ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono komanso kununkhira kochuluka.

Umami ndi kukoma kokoma zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "nyama" kapena "zokoma." Ndi chimodzi mwa zokonda zisanu zofunika, pamodzi ndi kukoma, kuwawa, kuwawa, ndi mchere.

Kukoma kwa umami wa kombu kumachokera ku kuchuluka kwake kwa glutamic acid, amino acid yomwe imapangitsa kukoma kwa umami.

Kombu ilinso ndi inosinic acid, yomwe ndi amino acid ina yomwe imawonjezera kukoma kwa umami.

Mitundu ya kombu

Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya kombu:

Ma-Kombu

Mtundu uwu umatchedwanso dzina lamadashi kombu, ndipo uli ndi mtundu wonyezimira wa bulauni. Ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa kombu, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dashi broth.

Hidaka-Kombu

Mtundu uwu uli ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri, koma ndi wofewa kuposa mitundu ina.

Rausu-kombu

Mtunduwu ndi waukulu poyerekeza ndi winayo ndipo uli ndi nthenga zopyapyala. Zimatulutsa kukoma kochuluka kuposa zina; chifukwa chake ndi yabwino kwa supu ya dashi.

Rishiri-kombu

Awa ndi premium kombu ochokera ku chilumba chakumpoto cha Japan. Ndizokoma kwambiri, ndipo kukoma kwa umami kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwambiri pa dashi.

Hosome-kombu

Kombu imeneyi ndi yamakwinya ndipo imakhala ndi kukoma kwamphamvu kwa umami. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbale zophimbidwa komanso ngati kukulunga ma rolls a sushi.

Naga-kombu

Kombu iyi ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo imatha kutalika mpaka mita 3! Ili ndi kukoma kwamphamvu ndipo imadziwikanso kuti cat's foot seaweed.

Kodi kombu inachokera kuti?

Ku Japan, kombu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kwa zaka masauzande ambiri chifukwa imapezeka mosavuta kwa asodzi.

Kombu akuganiziridwa kuti anachokera m’madzi ozizira a m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku Japan.

Kale, kombu inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama komanso inkaperekedwa kwa ankhondo a Samurai ngati chizindikiro cha ulemu.

Ofufuza apeza kuti wakame m'nyanja ndi kombu anali mbali ya zakudya za ku Japan kale mu nyengo ya Jōmon (14000-300 BCE).

Mitengo yamatabwa kuchokera ku likulu lachifumu la Fujiwara-ky (694-710) ndi Man'yōshū, mndandanda wakale kwambiri wa ndakatulo zaku Japan, zomwe zidapangidwa mu 759, ndizolemba zakale kwambiri zazakudya.

Panthawiyi, Kombu akanathyoledwa pamanja, kuuma, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano mu msuzi ndi msuzi panthawiyi.

Munthawi ya Muromachi, yomwe idakhala kuyambira 1336 mpaka 1573, njira zatsopano zowumitsa zidapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kombu isungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pofika nthawi ya Edo (1603-1867), kombu inali chinthu chodziwika bwino m'dziko lonselo. Alimi a Kelp anali akutolerabe nsomba zachilengedwe kuchokera kunyanja panthawiyi.

Zomerazi sizinalime mpaka zaka za m'ma 20. Zotsatira zake, kombu idakhala yotsika mtengo komanso yofikirika.

(onani zithunzi zambiri)

Masiku ano, kombu ikupezeka m'masitolo onse aku Asia kapena pa intaneti.

Ndimakonda mapepala a sundried kombu ochokera ku YOHU umenewo ndi udzu wa m'nyanja woyera wopanda zoteteza.

Momwe mungatumikire kombu

Kombu ikhoza kutumikiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti ikhoza kudyedwa yaiwisi, imaperekedwa bwino kuchokera ku mawonekedwe owuma.

Kombu yatsopano imatanthawuza udzu wodyedwa womwe umakhalabe ndi miyala ya m'nyanja. Ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda komanso mawonekedwe owonda.

Kombu youma mwina ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Amapezeka m'mapepala, omwe amadziwika kuti mapepala a kombu kapena shredded kombu.

Mapepala a kombu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga dashi pamene kombu yophwanyika nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera kapena zokometsera.

Pickled kombu ndi mtundu wina wotchuka. Zimapangidwa ndi pickling kombu mu vinyo wosasa, msuzi wa soya, ndi mirin (vinyo wophika ku Japan).

Kombu yaufa ndi mtundu wina wa kombu womwe umapezeka. Amapangidwa pogaya kombu zouma kukhala ufa.

Tiyi wa Kombu ndi chakumwa chodziwika bwino chopangidwa ndi timiyala ta kombu m'madzi otentha. Amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi maubwino ambiri azaumoyo, monga kuthandizira kugaya chakudya komanso kulimbikitsa metabolism.

Kodi kombu amalimidwa kuti?

Kombu imakula bwino m'madzi ozizira, okhala ndi michere yambiri. Amalimidwa kwambiri m'madzi ozizira omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Japan, Korea, ndi China.

Ku Japan, kombu imabzalidwa m'chigawo cha Hokkaido. Derali limadziwika ndi madzi ake abwino komanso malo abwino omwe amamera kombu.

Kulima kombu ndi mwambo wakale ku Japan. Njira zoyamba zojambulidwa za kombu zimayambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri!

Kombu imabzalidwanso ku Korea ndi China. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kulima kombu kwayamba m’mayiko ena, monga Iceland, Canada, ndi United States.

Ambiri a kombu omwe amagulitsidwa malonda amalimidwabe ku East Asia.

Kodi kombu imakololedwa bwanji?

Kombu amakololedwa pamanja kuchokera kunyanja. Ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana.

Mphepete mwa nyanja ya kelp imadulidwa kuchokera pamiyala yomwe imamangirizidwa ndikubweretsedwa pamwamba. Akamaliza kukolola, kombu amatsukidwa ndikuumitsa.

Kombu ikhoza kuumitsidwa padzuwa kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mpweya. Akaumitsa, kaŵirikaŵiri amadulidwa m’zidutswa kapena kung’ambika.

Kombu yomwe imagulitsidwa malonda nthawi zambiri imakhala yokolola kuthengo. Komabe

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe kombu amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Kombu youma nthawi zambiri ankapanga kombu dashi, mtundu wa msuzi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophikira zakudya zambiri za ku Japan.

Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukongoletsa mphodza, soups, ndi mbale zophikidwa.

Kombu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika zamasamba ndi vegan monga njira yowonjezera kukoma kwa umami.

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga miso soup, supu yotchuka ya ku Japan yomwe imapangidwa ndi miso paste, tofu, ndi masamba.

Zamasamba zodyedwa za m'nyanjazi zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku supu iliyonse.

Kombu imathanso kudyedwa yokha kapena kusandutsidwa shio kombu yomwe ndi kombu yomwe yaviikidwa mu soya msuzi ndi mirin.

Ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino mu onigiri, mtundu wa mpira waku Japan wa mpunga.

Kelp amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mitundu yambiri ya pickles, monga takuan ndi umeboshi.

Makombu rolls ndi ma kombu chips nawonso ndi njira zodziwika bwino zosangalalira ndi udzu wokoma wam'nyanjawu.

Kodi ubwino wa kombu ndi chiyani?

Kombu imadziwika chifukwa cha zakudya zabwino kwambiri, choncho imatengedwa ngati "zakudya zapamwamba."

Zimaphatikizapo mavitamini ndi minerals osiyanasiyana omwe ali abwino kwambiri pa thanzi lanu, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu, calcium, ndi ayodini.

Kombu ndi gwero labwino lazakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti kugaya chakudya kukhale koyenera.

Udzu wa m'nyanjawu umathandizanso kuchepetsa cholesterol m'magazi ndikuthana ndi matenda oopsa.

Mavitamini omwe amapezeka mu kombu, monga mavitamini A, B1, C, E, ndi K, amathandizira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino komanso chitetezo champhamvu cha mthupi chitetezeke.

Vitamini A imathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi, chitetezo cha mthupi, kubereka, komanso masomphenya. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira magwiridwe antchito amtima, mapapo, impso, ndi ziwalo zina.

Vitamini B1 imapatsa mphamvu, imawonjezera nyonga, thanzi la mtima, komanso kugwira ntchito kwachidziwitso.

Kuchuluka kwa vitamini C kumathandiza kuti chichereŵechereŵe, mafupa, mano, chisamalire komanso kuchiritsa minyewa ya m’thupi ndi kuyamwa kwachitsulo.

Vitamini E amathandiza kuti khungu likhale labwino komanso maso.

Pomaliza, vitamini K imapanga mapuloteni ofunikira kuti mafupa akhale olimba komanso kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.

Chinanso chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti kombu imalimbikitsa thanzi lamatumbo.

Popeza ndi gwero la CHIKWANGWANI, kombu imakhulupiriranso kuti imathandizira thanzi lamatumbo pokulitsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya "abwino" m'chigayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kombu ili ndi ma glutamic acid omwe amatha kuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa chakudya m'zakudya monga nyemba.

Chifukwa chake, zimatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa zakudya izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa komanso kuti chimbudzi chizikhala bwino.

Ma iodine a Kombu ndi ofunikira pothandizira chithokomiro komanso kupanga mahomoni.

Makinawa ndi ofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amthupi. Tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tikupeza ayodini wokwanira m’zakudya zathu chifukwa sangapangidwe ndi thupi.

Kuperewera kwa ayodini kungayambitse khungu louma, kuthothoka tsitsi, hypothyroidism, ndi mavuto ndi njira zoberekera.

Zakudya zofanana

Zikafika ku kombu, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa udzu wam'nyanja. Palinso mitundu ina ya zomera zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kofanana kwa umami.

Mitundu ina yam'nyanja yam'madzi ndi nori, wakame, arame, ndi hijiki.

Nori mwina ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wam'madzi pambuyo pa kombu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma rolls a sushi ndi onigiri.

Wakame ndi mtundu wina wa udzu wa m'nyanja womwe nthawi zambiri umalakwika kuti ndi kombu, koma siubwino kuphika kombu dashi.

M'malo mwake, wakame nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi ndi soups ngati mchere wamchere.

Arame ndi udzu wosavuta kulawa womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mbale zophikidwa ndi supu.

Hijiki ndi udzu wa m'nyanja womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pophika maphikidwe kapena mbale zophikidwa.

Ibibazo

Kodi kombu ndi udzu wouma wa m'nyanja?

Kombu ndi mtundu wa kelp womwe umakololedwa kufupi ndi gombe la Hokkaido, Japan.

Siziyenera kuumitsidwa. Komabe, anthu ambiri amanena za udzu wouma wa m’nyanja akamakamba za kombu.

Kombu zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati zouma m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya komanso mashopu aku Asia.

Kodi ndi bwino kudya kombu yaiwisi?

Inde, ndi bwino kudya kombu yaiwisi. Komabe, ili ndi mawonekedwe a raba kwambiri omwe sangakhale osangalatsa kutafuna.

Ndi kombu iti yomwe ili yabwino?

Akatswiri amalangiza hidaka kombu kapena ma kombu pophika.

Hidaka kombu ili ndi kununkhira kwamphamvu, pomwe ma kombu ndi osalimba.

Zonsezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dashi ndi supu, koma ma kombu ndi oyenera kudya zakudya zopepuka pang'ono, pomwe hidaka kombu ndi yabwino pophika ndi zophika.

Chifukwa chiyani kombu ndi yowonda?

Mannitol imapanga matope ikafika pamadzi ndi mapepala a Kombu.

Kukoma kwa umami wa kombu kumadalira kwambiri kukhalapo kwa mannitol deposits. Chifukwa chake, kutsuka pang'ono kumalangizidwa osati kutsuka mwamphamvu.

Kodi mumasunga bwanji kombu?

Kombu iyenera kusungidwa m'mitsuko yopanda mpweya pamalo ozizira komanso owuma. Ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kusungidwa mufiriji kwa chaka chimodzi.

Kodi kombu imatha?

Malingana ngati asungidwa pamalo owuma, ozizira, kombu siipa. Komabe, idzataya kukoma kwake pakapita nthawi.

malingaliro Final

Dashi kombu, mpukutu wa kombu, ting'onoting'ono ta kombu, ndi ufa ndi njira zina zodyeramo udzu wodyedwawu.

Kombu ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri muzakudya zaku Japan. Ili ndi kukoma kwapadera kwa umami komwe kumakhala koyenera kupanga dashi.

Ndi mbiri yakale m'mbiri ya chakudya cha ku Japan chifukwa ndi chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi.

Ena, phunzirani za ufa wa m'nyanja wa Aonori & flakes kuti mukonzekere mbale zanu

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.