Meshi: Kodi Chijapanichi Chimatanthauza Chiyani?

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 26, 2022

M’Chijapani, meshi amatanthauza “chakudya.” Ndi mawu wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe amalankhula za chakudya chamasana mpaka wophika kufotokoza mbale yomwe akukonzekera.

Kunena zowona, meshi amatanthauza chakudya chosavuta, chakudya chowiritsa kapena chotenthedwa mpaka madzi onse atasiya kuphika, monga ndi mpunga, tirigu, kapena tirigu. Chifukwa pafupifupi zakudya zonse zimakhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu izi, meshi ndi ofanana ndi chakudya.

Meshi ndi chimodzi mwazosakaniza za maki sushi, mpunga wamkati wa mpukutuwo. Meshi ikapangidwa ndi viniga wa sushi ndi shuga, imatchedwa sumeshi kapena sushi meshi.

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Kodi Meshi mukutanthauza chiyani?

Mu Japanese, meshi ya amatanthauza "nyumba yodyera." Masitolo a mpunga ndi ofala ku Japan ndipo amagulitsa mpunga. Nthawi zambiri amagulitsanso zakudya zina monga ufa ndi nyemba, koma tanthauzo lenileni la meshi ya ndi malo odyera omwe amapereka chakudya chosavuta.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa meshi ndi gohan?

Onse meshi ndi Zamgululi akhoza kutanthauza mpunga wophika (mpunga wosaphika ndi bwera), koma meshi angatanthauze mbale iliyonse yosavuta yophikidwa, gohan imangotanthauza mpunga wophika kapena mbale yokhala ndi mpunga wophika.

Zakudya zambiri za ku Japan zaphika mpunga kotero kuti zimawoneka ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, koma siziri kwathunthu.

Matanthauzo Ambiri a Meshi: Kufufuza Mawu a Mpunga mu Chijapani

Meshi (飯) ndi liwu la Chijapani lotanthauza mpunga, ndipo linalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo za kanji za “chakudya” ndi “mpunga.” Ndi mawu ofunikira komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'Chijapani, ndipo amatha kutanthauza mpunga wophikidwa komanso wosaphika. Nazi zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira polankhula za meshi:

• Meshi ndi mawu achindunji otanthauza mpunga womwe waphikidwa ndipo wakonzeka kudyedwa, pomwe kome (米) amatanthauza mpunga wosaphika.
• Gohan (ご飯) ndi njira wamba komanso yosavuta kunena za mpunga wophikidwa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
• O-kome (お米) ndi njira yaulemu yotchulira mpunga wosaphika, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogula mpunga m'sitolo kapena pokamba za mpunga wosaphika.

Kodi Meshi Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji ku Japan?

Meshi ndi mawu osunthika omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mawu ena kupanga zinthu zomwe zimatanthawuza mitundu ina ya mbale za mpunga kapena zakudya. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Curry meshi: Mpunga wokhala ndi curry wa ku Japan
• Katsu-meshi: Mpunga wothiridwa ndi buledi ndi wokazinga wa nkhumba
• Tekka-meshi: Mpunga wothiridwa ndi tuna yaiwisi ya sashimi

Momwe Mungakumbukire Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Meshi

Kwa wolankhula novice wa ku Japan, zingakhale zosokoneza pang'ono kukumbukira mitundu yonse ya meshi. Nawa malangizo angapo okuthandizani kuti musawongolere:

• Kumbukirani kuti meshi amatanthauza mpunga wophika, pamene kome amatanthauza mpunga wosaphika.
• Gohan ndi njira yodziwika bwino yotchulira mpunga wophika, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
• O-kome ndi njira yaulemu yotchulira mpunga wosaphika, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula mpunga m’sitolo kapena pokamba za mpunga wosapsa.
• Powonjezera mawu ena ku meshi kuti mupange zosakaniza, kumbukirani kuti gawo loyamba la mawuwa nthawi zambiri limafotokoza chophatikizira kapena kukoma kwa mbaleyo. Mwachitsanzo, curry meshi ndi mpunga wokhala ndi msuzi wa curry.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Meshi Wamba mu Zakudya zaku Japan

Mpunga ndi chakudya chambiri ku Japan, ndipo meshi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazakudya zambiri zachikhalidwe. Nazi zakudya zingapo zodziwika komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa meshi in Zakudya zaku Japan:

• Sushi: Mpunga wamphesa wothira nsomba zosaphika kapena zinthu zina
• Donburi: Mbale wa mpunga wokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga tempura kapena ng’ombe
• Bento: Bokosi la chakudya chamasana lomwe nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo gawo la mpunga, pamodzi ndi zakudya zina monga nyama kapena masamba
• Mochi: Keke zomata za mpunga zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadyedwa patchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano
• Msuzi wa soya: Chokometsera wamba cha mbale za mpunga wopangidwa kuchokera ku soya ndi tirigu

Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Meshi mu Ziganizo za Chijapani

Meshi ndi mawu osavuta komanso olunjika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito meshi mu sentensi:

• "Watashi wa meshi ga tabetai desu." (Ndikufuna kudya mpunga.)
• "Kore wa oishii meshi desu." (Uwu ndi mpunga wokoma.)
• "Meshi wo tsukutte kudasai." (Chonde phikani mpunga.)
• "Kono meshi wa takai desu." (Mpunga uwu ndi wokwera mtengo.)

Chifukwa chiyani Meshi Ndiwofunika Kudziwa

Ngati mukukonzekera kukaona kapena kukhala ku Japan, kudziwa mawu oti mpunga ndikofunikira. Nazi zifukwa zingapo:

• Mpunga ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri ku Japan, ndipo umapezeka m'zakudya ndi zakudya zambiri.
• Meshi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'Chijapanizi, ndipo mwina mumawamva pokambirana kapena kuwawona pamindandanda.
• Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma meshi kungakuthandizeni kuyitanitsa mtundu wolondola wa mpunga mukamadya kapena pogula mpunga kusitolo.
• Meshi ndi gawo lofunikanso la chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya ku Japan, monga mochitsuki (kupuntha mpunga kuti upange mochi) ndi o-sechi ryori (zakudya za Chaka Chatsopano).

Pomaliza, meshi angamveke ngati mawu osavuta, koma ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'Chijapani. Kaya ndinu wolankhula watsopano wa Chijapanizi kapena katswiri wodziwa zambiri, kumvetsetsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya meshi kungakuthandizeni kudziwa zakudya ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikolo mosavuta.

Kutsiliza

Choncho, meshi amatanthauza "mpunga" mu Japanese. Ndi mawu osinthika kwambiri omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri. 

Ndikofunikira kudziwa mawuwo ngati mukuyendera dzikolo, kapena mutha kuyitanitsa zinthu zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, musaope kufunsa kuti "Kodi meshi mu Chijapanizi amatanthauza chiyani?" 

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.