Iintlobo ezi-6 zeesosi zeentlanzi zaseJapan kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa
Iisosi zeentlanzi zaseJapan (“gyosho”) ziisosi zecondiment ezisebhotileni ezinevumba elahlukileyo kunye netyuwa eyomeleleyo, umami incasa. Zenziwa ngokubiliswa kweentlanzi ezinetyuwa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo nangemithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo.
Iisosi ezintathu ezinkulu zentlanzi zaseJapan ezaziwa kakhulu yishottsuru, ishiru kunye ne-ikanago shoyu. Ukongeza, ezinye iisosi zeentlanzi zeentlanzi ziya zithandwa kwaye zifunwa, kubandakanya i-ayu, kitayori kunye ne-eel noh.
Ngokwembali, zazihlala zikho yonke indawo eJapan, kodwa zawa ngaphandle kwefashoni emva kokuqaliswa kwesosi yesoya kwaye zisandula ukuveliswa kwakhona.
Izithako zixutywa kunye kwaye ziyekwe ukuba zivundiswe kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka. Baye bacinezelwe, bahluzwe kwaye babe badala. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesosi yeentlanzi lunexesha elahlukileyo lokubilisa kunye nokuguga.
Ngelixa zonke zinokuthenjwa ekuboneleleni ngedosi enzima ye-umami, usetyenziso olucetyisiweyo lwahlukile kumntu ngamnye. Isosi nganye yeentlanzi inencasa yayo.
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1. Shottsuru
IShottsuru yeyona sosi yentlanzi yaseJapan eyaziwa kakhulu kuzo zonke.
U-Nihonmono ubhala ukuba i-shottsuru yavela kwixesha lokuqala le-Edo kwaye yenziwa kuqala ukuba isetyenziswe ngasese nguDaimon Sukeuemon. Yaqala ukwenziwa urhwebo ngo-1895.
Ngokutsho kukaT. Ohshima kunye no-A. Giri, kwi-Encyclopedia yeMicrobiology yokutya (uHlelo lweSibini), ngo-2014, shottsuru inokwenziwa ngehatahata (sailfin sandfish), ii<em>sardine zaseJapan, iianchovies, i<em>mackerel, okanye umxube. Kwinyama yentlanzi yongezwa i-10% ye-mysids, uhlobo lwe-crustacean encinci, i-shrimp-like, kunye netyuwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-3: 1 okanye 7: 2. Umxube wawuvunyelwa ngokwesithethe ukuba uvubele kwaye uqhekezwe kwiimbiza zodongwe; kwizityalo zanamhlanje, iitanki zomthi okanye zesamente zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-artisan shottsuru yokwenyani ivundiswe ngokukodwa kwi-hatahata kwi-peninsula ye-Oga e-Akita, kwaye idume ngokuba nobulali ngokugqithisileyo, ngenxa yokuba iqulethe iintlanzi ezimhlophe kuphela, kunye nexesha elide lokubilisa kunye nokuguga.
2. Ishiru
U-Ishiru ngamanye amaxesha upela "ishiri" okanye "yoshiru". Igama layo liyi-portmanteau ye "io" (intlanzi) kunye ne "shiru" (isobho).
UNoto's Satoyama kunye neSatoumi Digital Archive ubhala ukuba unxweme olusempuma ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa isibindi seskwidi ukwenza iishiru. Iwebhusayithi i-Ishiri.jp, ezinikele kwisosi yeentlanzi, iqikelela ukuba upelo olwahlukileyo lucebisa ukuguqulelwa ngokuthe ngqo “kwesuphu enexabiso elongezelelweyo leentlanzi”, nokuba ishiri / yoshiri yayinxulunyaniswa nonxweme olusempuma kwi-peninsula yaseNoto, eqhelekile. isebenzisa i-viscera yesardadi, ekhokelela kwincasa enamandla ngakumbi.
Omabini amanxweme abilisa intlanzi ngetyuwa engama-30% (malunga neentlanzi ezine kwinxalenye enye yetyuwa) phakathi kweenyanga ezisixhenxe nezisithoba. Ulwelo oluphumayo luyahluzwa, lubiliswe, luhluzwe kwaye lupholiswe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-viscera ngokukodwa kuthetha ukuba i-ishiru inencasa eyomeleleyo, ebukhali ngakumbi kunye nevumba.
3. Ikanago shoyu
Igama le-ikanago shoyu livela kuqala kwi-"ikanago", igama lentlanzi encinci, ebhityileyo, enesilivere edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "sand lance" okanye "sand eel" ngesiNgesi, kwaye okwesibini kwi "shoyu": igama lesosi yesoya.
Ikanago shoyu ke ngoko yahlulwa ngokuba yisosi yentlanzi ukusebenzisa isosi yesoya endaweni yetyuwa yokubilisa intlanzi, ngokomlinganiselo wamacandelo amabini ikanago ukuya kwindawo enye shoyu.
Le sosi yeentlanzi yenziwa kwisithili saseKagawa eJapan, kwaye ngokutsho kukaKensanpin, othengisa iimveliso zasekhaya zonyaka, ikanago zibanjwa kwindawo yaseBisan kulwandle lwaseSeto Inland ngasekupheleni kwebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ngaphandle kwegama lesiNgesi, abayiyo ngokwenene i-eel yokwenyani, kodwa inxalenye yentsapho yeentlanzi ze-ammodytes.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwesosi yesoya, i-ikanago shoyu ineprofayili yencasa esondele kwindalo kwisosi yesoya, oku kuthetha ukuba ihlala ithathwa njenge "lula" okanye ukhetho lwabaqalayo kwabo banoloyiko malunga ne-pungency.
4. Ayu
I-ayu fish sauce, eyenziwe kwisixeko sase-Hita e-Oita Prefecture esuka kwintlanzi yasemanzini acwengileyo, ithatha igama layo kwintlanzi esetyenzisiweyo ukuyenza, i-ayu sweetfish.
IProjekthi ye-One Kyushu ibhala ukuba yaphuhliswa xa amafama entlanzi asekuhlaleni abonisana ne-soy brewery Maruhara malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa intlanzi ye-ayu engaqhelekanga.
I-sauce yentlanzi ye-Ayu ixatyiswe kakhulu ngabapheki baphesheya kolwandle, kubandakanywa nendawo yokutyela yaseMichelin eneenkwenkwezi ezintathu eFransi.
5. Hayi hayi
I-sauce yentlanzi yenziwe yi-Atsumi processing factory, kwisiphakamiso sikaToshio Marusaki ovela kwi-Umi Mirai Research Institute.
Wafunda ukuba iintloko ze-eel ziyimveliso yenkunkuma engasetyenziswanga kwifektri yabo, kwaye u-Atsumi ucebise ukuba asebenzise ukwenza i-eel fish sauce e-Ichibiki. Ukuveliswa kwaqala ngo-2020, kwaye i-eel noh ngu-Atsumi sele iphumelele ibhaso elivela kwiSebe lezoLimo laseJapan, amaHlathi kunye nezokuLoba.
6. Kitayori
Isosi yentlanzi enyiniweyo kakhulu, iKitayori yenziwe yiTSO kwisixeko saseTomakomai.
Iveliswa ngokubilisa oonokrwece ngekoji netyuwa, kwaye kuphela kwesosi yentlanzi elawulwa yiTomakomai Fisheries Association eHokkaido.
Ithini imbali yesosi yeentlanzi eJapan?
Iisosi zeentlanzi ezivundisiweyo zaziswa eAsia zisuka kubukumkani baseRoma ngendlela yeSilk, uLaura Kelley ubhala kwiSilk Road Gourmet.
Ngokutsho kweSebe laseJapan lezoLimo, amaHlathi nezokuLoba, zaqala ukuziswa eJapan zivela eTshayina zaza zasetyenziswa njengendlela yokulondoloza, ingakumbi kwimimandla esezintabeni apho kwakunzima ukufumana ukutya kwaselwandle okusandul’ ukufumaneka. Kodwa njengokuba isosi yesoya yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesonka, iisosi zeentlanzi zaphelelwa yifashoni, kwaye zaye zasetyenziswa kancinci.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho ukuvuselelwa kweesosi zentlanzi zaseJapan. Le ntsasa entsha ikhokelwa yi-brewery uMoroi Jouzoujo e-Akita, eyongeza i-sauce yentlanzi kwimveliso yabo kwiminyaka yee-1990, kunye neJapan Times ibonga u-Hideki Moroi, uMongameli we-brewery "ngesandla esisodwa" esivuselela umdla kwimveliso.
Amagcisa kulo lonke elaseJapan aphenjelelwe yimpumelelo yakhe ukuba aphinde ajonge iiresiphi zeminyanya kunye nobuchule bemimandla yabo kwaye kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo, iisosi zeentlanzi zaseJapan ziye zaxatyiswa kakhulu kwakhona.
Iisosi zentlanzi zaseJapan zakhula njani ngokwahlukileyo kwezo zamanye amazwe?
Isosi yentlanzi yaseJapan idla ngokuba buthathaka kunesosi yeentlanzi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwe-encyclopedia yokutya ekwi-Intanethi, iCooksInfo, abathengi baseJapan abalithandi ivumba elinamandla lentlanzi lesosi yentlanzi enegwele evela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye iisosi zeentlanzi zaseJapan ziye zacokiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, u-Hideki Moroi, uMongameli we-Moroi Jouzoujo uthi i-shottsuru yabo yenzelwe ukuba ibe nencasa epholileyo kakhulu kunye nevumba, ngokungafaniyo ne-nam pla kunye ne-nước chấm ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Kwanabo bangayifuniyo incasa okanye ivumba lentlanzi, bayayiqonda indlela ekulula ngayo ukuyitya.
Zeziphi ezona brand zaziwayo zaseJapan zesosi yeentlanzi?
Ezona ntlobo zidumileyo zesosi yeentlanzi kuzwelonke zezo zikwazile ukuthengisa iimveliso zazo ngaphandle kwemimandla yokuvelisa i-hyperlocal. Ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Shottsuru nguMoroi Jozo
Ubuncinci ubuncinci iminyaka emithathu, ubutyebi obunzulu kunye nencasa, ivumba elithozamisayo. Iminyaka elishumi yeediliya nayo yavelisa incasa ethambileyo ngakumbi.
- Isosi yentlanzi ye-Ayu nguHara Jirozaemon / Maruhara
Incasa kakhulu, i-amber, ubunzulu kunye nobunzulu bomlingo, ivumba elimnandi, elimnandi. Ophumelele ibhaso kuMphathiswa wezoLimo, amaHlathi kunye nezokuLoba eJapan
- Noto ishiru ngu Kaneishi Maru
I-seasoning eyimfihlo, eneminyaka emibini ubudala. Ukusuka kwingingqi ye-Okunuto kwincam ye-Noto peninsula.
- Ika ishiru nguYamato
Incasa yeskwidi enzulu, igcwele umzimba, isityebi esongezelelweyo. Unxweme oluseNtshona Ishiru, inkqubo yonyaka omnye yokwenza ibhiya.
- Furato no ishi nguFlatts
Umami yendalo isinongo. Iqinisekiswe yiKomiti eLawulayo yeLifa leMveli lezoLimo njengesitya se "Noto".
- Eel noh ngu Atsumi
Umami owomeleleyo, oguquguqukayo, incasa enzulu. Ngokukhethekileyo ithambile ngenxa yeentlanzi zamanzi acwengileyo.
Yeyiphi eyona sosi yentlanzi yaseJapan?
IShottsuru yaseMoroi Jozo eAkita yeyona sosi yaziwayo yentlanzi yentlanzi eJapan, kunye neyona ifumaneka kakhulu. Eli shishini livelisa i-sauce yeentlanzi elona xesha lide, nto leyo ethetha ukuba baye basulungekisa kwaye bagqibezela ubuchule babo.
Kwincwadi yakhe yokugcinwa kweJapan, uNancy Singleton Hachisu ubhala ukuba uMoroi Jozo uthathwa njengomenzi ophezulu; ukongezelela ichongwe yiSlow Food njengeNkosana yemveliso yeNcasa kwaye yamkelwa njengokutya kweLifa leMveli leHlabathi.
Ushicilelo olulinganiselweyo lweminyaka elishumi shottsuru evela eMoroi Jozo ichazwa njengeyona sosi yeentlanzi.
Ezinye iibrendi ezininzi zikwavelisa iisosi zeentlanzi ezindala. Iidiliya ezintle kakhulu zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi, nangona ezi zihlala kunzima ukuzifumana ngaphandle kweJapan, okanye nangaphandle kwemimandla yazo yasekhaya. Ezinye iisosi zeentlanzi zithengiswa kuphela ngeebhetshi ezincinci, iibhotile ezingabhalwanga ngabantu abadala abathengisa izinto zabo kwiimarike zasekuseni.
Ngaba ukutya kwaseJapan kusebenzisa isosi yentlanzi?
Ewe, isosi yentlanzi isetyenziswa kukutya okuninzi kwaseJapan. Emva kokuphuma kwifashoni njengoko isosi yesoya isiya ithandwa kakhulu, le minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo ibone imvuselelo kwiisosi zeentlanzi ezinombilini kunye nokwanda komdla ekusebenziseni kwabo ukutya.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwiisosi zeentlanzi zamanye amazwe, iisosi zentlanzi zaseJapan zisetyenziswa kancinci njengendlela yokongeza umami kunye nobunzulu ngaphandle kokwazisa incasa yentlanzi. Izitya zaseJapan akufanele zigqitywe nge-sauce yeentlanzi; eneneni ubukhulu becala, ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, awufanelanga nokuba uqaphele incasa.
Ngaba usebenzisa isosi yentlanzi kwiramen?
Ewe, i-sauce yentlanzi yongezwa kakhulu kwi-ramen.
Incasa enkulu yeumami yeesosi zentlanzi zaseJapan izenza incasa egqibeleleyo yebroths etyiwayo ekuphekelwa kuyo iramen. Abapheki abaninzi baseJapan baya kuzisebenzisa ukwenza incasa ngexesha lokupheka kwaye baqhele ukuziswa etafileni apho abatyayo banokongeza i-flavour. amathontsi ambalwa okongeziweyo njengesinongo.
Zeziphi ezinye izitya amaJapan azisebenzisayo kwisosi yeentlanzi?
Zonke iisosi zeentlanzi zingasetyenziswa endaweni yesosi yesoya njengesinongo sesashimi kunye nesushi, okanye ukongeza isongo kunye nencasa yeumami kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesitya.
Iindidi ezininzi zenabe (imbiza eshushu) zidla ngokuba neesosi zentlanzi. UNancy Singleton Hachisu ucebisa ukuba itshizwe ibe yinyama yenkomo i-shabu-shabu. I-Shottsuru-nabe, isitya sembiza eshushu esine-sandfish, sisidlo sasekuhlaleni esidumileyo e-Akita esenziwe kusetyenziswa i-shottsuru.
Zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi zexesha elitsha e-Akita nazo ziqhele ukutyiwa kunye ne-shottsuru njenge-condiment.
U-Hideki Moroi ucebisa ukuba uzame i-shottsuru njenge-sauce ye-yakisoba noodles eqhotsiweyo, okanye njengento yokugquma iibhola zerayisi ze-onigiri, okanye njengesinongo esichuliweyo kwikhari kunye nerayisi okanye i-omelets eqengqelekayo.
I-shellfish ebilisiwe kunye nentlanzi kunye nemifuno e-ishiru yinto ekhethekileyo yasekhaya e-Ishikawa. Ijelo lokupheka laseJapan i-MisoSoup likwacebisa ukusebenzisa i-ishiru endaweni yesosi yesoya ukuthoba i-wok emva kokwenza irayisi eqhotsiweyo.
UNaoko Takei Moore wevenkile yaseJapan iToiro eLos Angeles ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isosi yentlanzi iayu enenkukhu etshisiweyo okanye intlanzi, okanye kwikhari yehagu keema.
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UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uthanda ukuzama ukutya okutsha ngokutya kwaseJapan entliziyweni yomnqweno wakhe, kwaye kunye neqela lakhe ebesenza amanqaku anzulu ebhlog ukusukela ngo2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo kunye neeresiphi kunye neengcebiso zokupheka.