Ukudla Okubandayo: Iqiniso Elimangalisayo Ngenani Lomsoco

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe Agasti 3, 2022

Ukubanda kulondoloza ukudla ngokunciphisa ukunyakaza kwamanzi, umoya, nama-microorganisms. Ivimbela ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms abangela ukubola. Iphinde ibambezele ukusebenza kwama-enzyme adala ukuthi ukudla konakale.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza kahle ukuthi kwenzekani uma ufriza ukudla nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani ngokuphepha.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

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Ukubanda: Iqhawe Lokulondolozwa Kokudla

Ukuqandisa kuyindlela esheshayo nelula yokugcina ukudla ebisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili. USir Francis Bacon, isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi, wangenwa inyumoniya ebulalayo lapho ezama ukugxilisa inkukhu ngeqhwa ukuze ilondolozeke. Ngokujabulisayo, sesihambe ibanga elide kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi ukudla okuqandisiwe okudayiswayo kuthengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke.

Nakhu ukuthi ukuqandisa kusiza kanjani ukulondoloza ukudla:

• Ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwama-microorganisms: Ukubanda kubambezela ukunyakaza kwama-microorganisms adala ukubola. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane atholakala ekudleni futhi kugcina okuqukethwe kokudla okuqandisiwe kuphephile isikhathi eside.
• Umsebenzi wama-enzyme wehliswa ngokuphawulekayo: Ukubanda kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kwe-enzyme, okubangela ukonakala futhi kubambezele ukukhula kwamagciwane.
• Amanzi aba yiqhwa: Ukuqhwaza kwamanzi ekudleni kuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni futhi abangele ukonakala. Lapho amanzi eqhwa, aphenduka abe yiqhwa, okugcina ukudla okuphakathi kuphephile.
• Isimo sokungalali: Ukubanda kubeka ama-microorganisms esimweni sokungalali, okugcina ukudla futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane.
• Ukudla okumnandi: Ukuqandisa kuyindlela enhle yokugcina ukudla okumnandi okungatholakali unyaka wonke. Ukubanda kusiza ukugcina izinga lokudla futhi kukugcina kuphephile kuze kube yilapho sekulungele ukuphakelwa.
• Imifino nezithelo: Imifino nezithelo eziqandisiwe kusiza ukulondoloza umsoco futhi kugcine ukubukeka kwazo. Lokhu kusiza abantu ukuthi babe nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okutholakala kuzo unyaka wonke.
• U-ayisikhilimu: Ukubanda kusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi ye-ayisikhilimu ngokuyigcina ibanda futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingancibiliki.

Kusebenza kanjani ukuqandisa?

Ukuqandisa kusebenza ngokusiza ukwehlisa ukunyakaza kwama-microorganisms adala ukubola. Lapho ukudla kuba yiqhwa, amanzi akuwo aphenduka iqhwa, okwenza ama-microorganisms ahlale ethule. Lokhu kulondoloza ukudla futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.

Ukuqandisa kusiza kanjani ukugcina izinga lokudla?

Ukuqandisa kusiza ukugcina izinga lokudla ngokuthi:

• Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme: Ukubanda kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kwe-enzyme, okubangela ukonakala futhi kubambezele ukukhula kwamagciwane.
• Ukugcina inani lezakhamzimba: Ukuqandisa kusiza ukugcina inani lezakhi zokudla, ikakhulukazi imifino nezithelo.
• Ukugcina ukuthungwa: Ukuqandisa kusiza ukugcina ukuthungwa kokudla, ikakhulukazi imifino nezithelo.
• Ukusiza ukugcina ukudla okumnandi: Ukuqandisa kuyindlela enhle yokugcina ukudla okumnandi okungatholakali unyaka wonke. Ukubanda kusiza ukugcina izinga lokudla futhi kukugcina kuphephile kuze kube yilapho sekulungele ukuphakelwa.

Ingabe kukhona okuhlukile ekudleni okungaqandiswa?

Ukudla okuningi kungenziwa iqhwa ngokuphepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu:

• Ukudla okunamanzi amaningi, njengolethisi, ukhukhamba, nekhabe. Lokhu kudla kuvame ukuba namafinyila uma kuqandisiwe.
• Ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, njengokhilimu nemayonnaise. Lokhu kudla kuvame ukuhlukana uma kuqandisiwe.
• Okumhlophe kwamaqanda aphekiwe kuvame ukuba yirabha uma eqandisiwe.

Amathiphu Aqandayo

Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi umise ukudla ngokuphephile:

• Friza ukudla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuvunwa noma ukuthengwa.
• Lebula bese ubhala usuku konke ukudla okufriziwe.
• Sebenzisa iziqukathi eziphephile efrijini noma izikhwama.
• Susa umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka ezitsheni noma ezikhwameni ukuze uvimbele ukushiswa kwesiqandisi.
• Ungakuphinde ube yiqhwa ukudla okuncibilikisiwe.
• Phatha ukudla okuqandisiwe ngokuphepha ukuze uvimbele izifo ezitholakala ekudleni.

Izindlela Ezihlukene Zokuqandisa Zokudla Nemifino

Uma kuziwa ekuqandiseni ukudla nemifino, kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ezitholakalayo. Indlela ngayinye idinga izinto ezihlukene, izinqubo, nezimo zokugcina, futhi ingathinta ikhwalithi nokuqukethwe kwezakhi zomkhiqizo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezindlela zokuqandisa:

• Ukubanda Okujwayelekile: Lena indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokuqandisa, futhi ihilela ukubeka ukudla noma imifino efrijini ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Le ndlela ilungele izinhlobo eziningi zomkhiqizo, kodwa ingathinta ukuthungwa nokuqina kokunye ukudla.

• I-Flash Freezing: Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuqandisa ukudla noma imifino ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu isikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kusiza ukulondoloza ukuthungwa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi zomkhiqizo, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu.

• I-Dry Freezing: Le ndlela ihilela ukukhipha wonke amanzi ekudleni noma emifino ngaphambi kokuyiqhwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekweluleni isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kungathinta ukuthungwa kanye nokunambitheka komkhiqizo.

Iqhaza Lokuqandisa Emakethe Yokudla

Ukuqandisa kudlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yokudla, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 okudla nemifino eqandisiwe unyaka ngamunye emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqandisa imboni eguquguqukayo nezobuchwepheshe, enezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela nezinto zokwakha ezitholakala kubakhiqizi. Ukuqandisa kuvumela ukutholakala njalo komkhiqizo omusha, futhi kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zokudla nezindlela zokucubungula. Ukuqandisa nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokudla, kunikeze indlela elula nephumelelayo yokugcina nokuthutha ukudla nemifino.

Kwenzekani Ekudleni Ngamakhemikhali Uma Kuqandisiwe?

Lapho ukudla kuba yiqhwa, amanzi angaphakathi kukho aphenduka iqhwa. Lokhu kushintsha kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kungabangela uchungechunge lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali ekudleni, ikakhulukazi emifino. Nazi ezinye zezinguquko ezenzekayo:

• Amakristalu eqhwa akha ngesikhathi sokuqhwa angalimaza isakhiwo sokudla, okuholela ekushintsheni kokuthungwa kanye nekhwalithi.
• Izithako zama-enzyme ezivame ukusebenza emkhiqizweni omusha zingacekelwa phansi noma zehliswe inqubo yokuqandisa, engaphazamisa izinqubo zemvelo ezikhiqiza umbala ofunekayo, ukunambitheka, nokuthungwa.
• Inqubo yokuqandisa ingabangela noshintsho kusayizi nokuma kokudla, kanye nasezintweni zebhayoloji namakhemikhali akhona kuwo.

Ushukela kanye Nesitashi

Inqubo yokuqandisa ingaba nomthelela kushukela kanye nesitashi ekudleni. Nazi ezinye zezinguquko ezenzekayo:

• Lapho ukudla kufriziwe, okuqukethwe ushukela kungakhululwa futhi kusetshenziswe inqubo yokuqandisa. Lokhu kungaholela ekunambithekeni okumnandi kancane.
• Isitashi ekudleni singathinteka nayinqubo yokuqandisa. Lapho ukudla kufriziwe, ama-molecule esitashi angabhidlika futhi ashintshe ukuthungwa kokudla.

Amaprotheni nama-Enzymes

Inqubo yokuqandisa ingase futhi ithinte amaprotheni nama-enzyme okuqukethwe kokudla. Nazi ezinye zezinguquko ezenzekayo:

• Lapho ukudla kufriziwe, amangqamuzana amaprotheni angashintsha indlela ukudla athambekele ngayo. Lokhu kungaholela emkhiqizweni oqinile noma owomile.
• Ama-enzyme akhona ekudleni nawo angathinteka yinqubo yokuqandisa. Uma ukudla kuqandisiwe, ama-enzyme angancipha noma abhujiswe, okungase kuthinte ukunambitheka nokuthungwa kokudla.

Ukulawula kanye Nesitoreji Esifanelekile

Ukuze ulawule ngempumelelo izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqandisa, kubalulekile ukugcina ukudla ngendlela efanele. Nawa amanye amathiphu:

• Sebenzisa iziqukathi noma ukugoqa eziklanyelwe ukuqhwa ukuze uvimbele indawo yokugcina engafanele.
• Susa umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka esitsheni noma ekugoqeni ukuze uvimbele ukushiswa kwesiqandisi.
• Friza ukudla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa amakhulu.
• Gcina ukudla okuqandisiwe ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kuhlala kuyiqhwa futhi akuncibiliki futhi kuqandiswe kabusha.
• Lapho upheka ukudla okuqandisiwe, kubalulekile ukulandela izindlela ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuphekwe ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphepha.

Kungani Ukuqandisa Kushintsha Ukuma Kokudla?

Lapho ukudla kufakwa efrijini, amanzi akhona ekudleni aqala ukuba yiqhwa, enze amakristalu eqhwa. Lawa makristalu angabangela izinguquko ekuthunjweni kokudla, akwenze kube nzima, kuqine, noma ngisho nama-mushy lapho kuncibilika. Ubukhulu nokuma kwamakristalu eqhwa kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezi ezilandelayo:

• Ubude besikhathi ukudla kuqandisiwe
• Izinga lokushisa okuqandiswe ngalo ukudla
• Uhlobo lokudla oluqandisiwe

Ukulimala Kweselula

Inqubo yokuqandisa nokuncibilika ingalimaza amangqamuzana ezithelo nemifino. Lapho amanzi eba yiqhwa, ayanwebeka, futhi lokhu kwandiswa kungabhidliza izindonga zamangqamuzana okudla. Lapho ukudla kuncibilika, amaseli angase angakwazi ukugcina isimo sawo sangempela, okuholela ekwenziweni okuthambile. Ukwengeza, ama-enzyme nezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezikhona ekudleni zingaphuka ngesikhathi sokuqandisa, kuphinde kuguqule ukuthungwa kokudla.

Izinguquko Zenyama Yenyama

Inyama iwumkhiqizo wokudla ojwayelekile oshintsha ngendlela ebonakalayo uma iqandisiwe. Inqubo yokuqandisa ibangela ukuthi amanzi enyameni enze amakristalu eqhwa, angabhidliza ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana enyama. Ngenxa yalokho, inyama ingase iqine futhi ingabi namanzi amaningi lapho iphekiwe. Ukuze usize ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa kwenyama eqandisiwe, kungcono ukuyilungisa ngaphambi kokuyiqhwa ngokwengeza ama-marinades noma izinongo ezingasiza ukukhulisa ukunambitheka.

Ukwandisa Izinzuzo Zokuthungwa

Nakuba ukuqandisa kungashintsha ukuthungwa kokudla, kunezindlela zokusiza ukunciphisa lezi zinguquko nokwandisa izinzuzo zokuqandisa. Amanye amathiphu awusizo ahlanganisa:

• Ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqandisa yomkhiqizo othile wokudla
• Ukulungisa umkhiqizo wokudla ngaphambi kokuqandisa, njengemifino ye-blanching
• Ukwengeza amasoso noma ezinye izinhlanganisela ukusiza ukuvikela ukuthungwa kokudla
• Ukunikeza ukudla okuqandisiwe ngendlela esizakala ngayo entsha, njengokusebenzisa isithelo esiqandisiwe kuma-smoothie noma ukusebenzisa imifino eqandisiwe esobho noma isitshulu.

Sekukonke, ukuqandisa kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokulungiswa kokudla engasiza ekulondolozeni ikhwalithi kanye nenani lezakhi zokudla. Nakuba izinguquko zokuthungwa zingase zenzeke, ukuqonda izizathu ezenza lezi zinguquko zingakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele kangcono futhi ujabulele ukudla okufriziwe.

Inani Lomsoco Lokudla Okuqandisiwe: Okudingayo Ukukwazi

Uma kukhulunywa ngemifino nezithelo eziqandisiwe, inqubo ingasiza ekugcineni ukondleka kwakho. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela izindlela ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisoco iyagcinwa. Nawa amathiphu okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Friza izithelo nemifino ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuvuna noma ukuthenga ukuze ulondoloze inani lakho lokudla okunomsoco.
• Izindlela zokwelapha zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezifana ne-blanching noma ukushisa ngesitimu zingasiza ekugcineni izinga lokudla okunempilo kwemifino.
• Gcina izithelo nemifino eqandisiwe ku-zero degrees Fahrenheit (-18 degrees Celsius) noma ngaphansi ukuze ulondoloze ikhwalithi yakho.
• Landela iziqondiso eziphakanyisiwe zokulondoloza ephaketheni lomkhiqizo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imisoco iyagcinwa.
• Buyekeza ulwazi lokudla okunempilo emaphaketheni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izithelo nemifino efriziwe kusewumthombo omuhle wemisoco ebalulekile.

Ukuqandisa Inyama Nezinkukhu

Ukuqandisa inyama nezinkukhu nakho kungasiza ekulondolozeni umsoco wazo, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela izikhombisi-ndlela ezifanele zokugcinwa kanye neziqandisi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imisoco ayibhujiswa. Nawa amathiphu okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Friza inyama nezinkukhu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuthenga ukuze ulondoloze umsoco wazo.
• Gcina inyama eqandisiwe nezinkukhu ku-zero degrees Fahrenheit (-18 degrees Celsius) noma ngaphansi ukuze ulondoloze ikhwalithi yakho.
• Landela iziqondiso eziphakanyisiwe zokulondoloza ephaketheni lomkhiqizo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imisoco iyagcinwa.
• Gwema ukuphinda ube yiqhwa inyama nezinkukhu njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekushintsheni kokwakheka kanye nenani lezakhi.
• Buyekeza ulwazi lokudla okunempilo emaphaketheni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi inyama eqandisiwe kanye nenkukhu kusewumthombo omuhle wemisoco ebalulekile.

Umhleli: Ukudla Okuqandisiwe kanye Nenani Lomsoco

Nakuba ukuqandisa kungasiza ukugcina inani lezakhi zokudla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke ukudla okufriziwe okwenziwa ngokulingana. Okunye ukudla okuqandisiwe kungase kube noshukela owengeziwe, i-sodium, noma izivimbelakuvunda ezinganciphisa inani lakho lokudla okunomsoco. Uma uthenga ukudla okuqandisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeza ulwazi lokudla okunempilo emaphaketheni bese ukhetha imikhiqizo ecutshungulwe kancane futhi equkethe izithako eziphelele, ezinomsoco.

Ukudla Okuqandisiwe: Amathiphu Namasu Ekhwalithi Ephezulu

• Sika inyama ibe yizicucu ezincane ukuze iqhwa ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo.
• Sika izithelo nemifino ngosayizi oyifunayo ngaphambi kokubanda.
• Zipholise izitsha eziphekwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubanda.
• Susa amafutha amaningi enyameni ngaphambi kokubanda ukuze ugweme ukuqubuka.
• Engeza isoso eyengeziwe noma uketshezi ezitsheni ukuze ugweme ukomiswa ngesikhathi sokuqandisa.

Ukusonga Nokugcina Ukudla Okuqandisiwe

• Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezivalekayo noma izikhwama zamafriji ukuvikela ukushiswa kwesiqandisi.
• Lebula iziqukathi ezinohlobo lokudla nedethi efriziwe.
• Goqa inyama ngokuqinile ngepulasitiki yokugoqa noma ucwecwe lwe-aluminium ukuze uvimbele ukushiswa kwesiqandisi.
• Gcina ukudla okuqandisiwe phakathi nendawo efrijini, lapho izinga lokushisa lilingana kakhulu.
• Ungagcwalisi isiqandisi- shiya isikhala ukuze kuzungeze umoya.

Amathiphu efriji okudla okuqondile

• Inyama yenkomo nengulube: Friza ezingxenyeni okulula ukuzisebenzisa ekuphekeni, njengamaphakheji angu-1-pound.
• Izitsha ezilungisiwe: Friza ngezingxenye ngazinye ukuze uthole ukudla okusheshayo nokulula.
• Ama-apula: Friza zibe izingcezu ezisetshenziselwa ukubhaka noma ama-smoothies.
• Imifino: I-Blanch ngaphambi kokubanda ukuze ukhulise impilo yeshalofu futhi ugcine izinga.
• Amasoso: Friza kumathreyi e-ice cube ukuze uwahlukanise kalula.
• Imikhiqizo Emisha: Friza umkhiqizo owengeziwe ngaphambi kokuthi kubi ukuze uwusebenzise kuma-smoothies noma isobho.

Ukudla Okuqandisiwe: Okungafanele Ukwenze Iqhwa

Ukubanda kuyithuluzi elihle lokugcina ukudla kanye nokwandisa impilo yakho yeshalofu. Nokho, akusikho konke ukudla okufanele ukuqandisa. Naphezu kokuba lula kokuqandisa, kunezinto ezithile ezingeke zisebenze. Nawa amanothi ochwepheshe alokho okufanele ukugweme ukubanda.

Ukudla Okungafanele Kuqandwe

• Amaqanda emagobolondweni awo: Amaqanda okuqandisa kumagobolondo awo angabangela ukuba aqhekeke futhi kungase kuthinte ukuthungwa kanye nokunambitheka kweqanda.
• Ukudla okunamanzi amaningi: Ukudla okuqandisiwe okunamanzi amaningi, njengolethisi, ukhukhamba, nekhabe, kuzobangela ukuba kube ama-mushy futhi kulahlekelwe ukucwazimula.
• Amasoso agqinswe isitashi: Amasoso agqitshwe ngesitashi, njengesitashi sombila noma ufulawa, azohlukana futhi abe nezinhlamvu uma eqandisiwe.
• Ukudla okuthosiwe: Ukudla okuthosiwe kuzolahlekelwa u-crispiness futhi kube yi-soggy uma kufriziwe.
• Imifino ethile: U-anyanisi, isibonelo, uzoba mushy futhi alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo lapho efriziwe.
• Eminye imikhiqizo yobisi: Ushizi ungabhidlika futhi ulahlekelwe ukuthungwa kwawo lapho uqandisiwe, kuyilapho ubisi nokhilimu kungahlukana futhi kube okusanhlamvu.
• Izitsha ezithile ezinoshukela: Ophaya abafakwe ukhastadi noma ukhilimu bazoba amanzi futhi balahlekelwe ukuthungwa kwabo lapho efriziwe.
• Izitsha ezithile zenyama: Inyama yenkomo ephekiwe ne-turkey izokoma futhi ilahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwayo lapho iqhwa.
• Izimpahla ezithile ezibhakiwe: Izinkwa namakhekhe anokuqukethwe kwamafutha amaningi, njengama-croissants, azodala futhi alahlekelwe ukuthungwa kwawo lapho efriziwe.
• Imikhiqizo ethile eyenziwe ngamafutha: Imikhiqizo eqandisiwe eyenziwe ngamafutha, efana nemayonnaise noma isaladi yokugqoka, ingabangela ukuba ihlukane futhi ibe nezinhlamvu.

Amathiphu Okuqanda Ukudla

Nakuba kukhona ukudla okuthile okungafanele kuqandiswe, kukhona nokudla okuningi okuba yiqhwa ngokuphelele. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuqandisa ukudla:

• Lungiselela ukudla ukuze kube yiqhwa ngokukusika kube izingxenye ezincane noma ulandele iresiphi elungele ukuqandisa.
• Pholisa ukudla ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubanda ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yakho.
• Gcina ukudla ezitsheni ezingangeni moya noma ezikhwameni zamafriji ukuvikela ukushiswa kwesiqandisi.
• Faka ilebula bese udethi ukudla ngaphambi kokukugcina efrijini.
• Vumela ukudla okushisayo kuphole kancane ngaphambi kokuba kube yiqhwa ukuze ugweme ukuthikameza izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi.
• Friza ukudla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugcine ikhwalithi yakho.
• Lapho ugcina ukudla efrijini, khumbula ukuthi izinga lokushisa elikahle lokuqandisa lingu-0°F (-18°C).

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ukuqandisa akuzibulali amagciwane, kodwa kunciphisa ukunyakaza kwazo futhi kugcina ukudla kukusha isikhathi eside. Iphinde igcine inani lezakhamzimba zokudla futhi ikusize ube nokudla okuhlukahlukene okutholakala unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukumisa ukudla futhi ujabulele izinzuzo!

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.