Iyini i-Amylose? Izinzuzo, Isakhiwo, Umsebenzi & Ukusetshenziswa

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 1, 2022

Yini i-amylose? I-Amylose wuhlobo lwesitashi olutholakala ezitshalweni eziningi. I-polymer eqondile eyenziwe ngamayunithi e-glucose ahlanganiswe ne-α-1,4 glycosidic bond.

Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini, yenziwa kanjani, futhi isetshenziselwa ini.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

Ukuqonda u-Amylose: Umhlahlandlela Oyisisekelo

I-Amylose iwuhlobo lwe-polysaccharide, okusho ukuthi i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe ama-molecule kashukela amaningi ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Kuyi-molecule yomugqa ehlanganisa amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamayunithi eglucose axhunywe amabhondi e-α-1,4-glycosidic. Iyingxenye yesitashi, i-carbohydrate evamile etholakala ekudleni okuningi, okuhlanganisa i-cornstarch, irayisi, amazambane, nokolweni.

I-Amylose Isetshenziswa Kanjani Ekhishini?

I-Amylose iyisithako esivamile kumaresiphi amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlanganisa ukujiya noma ukubopha. Nazi ezinye izindlela i-amylose engasetshenziswa ngayo ekhishini:

• Ukwengeza i-cornstarch ku-sauce noma isobho ukuze ushube
• Ukusebenzisa isitashi samazambane ukuhlanganisa izithako eresiphi
• Yengeza ufulawa werayisi ku-batter ukuze ube mkhulu
• Ukusebenzisa i-arrowroot powder njenge-thickener-free-free

Buyini Ubudlelwano Phakathi kwe-Amylose ne-Iodine?

Enye indlela yokubona ubukhona be-amylose ekudleni ukusebenzisa iodine. Uma i-iodine yengezwa ekudleni okuqukethe i-amylose, izoshintsha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-molecule e-iodine angangena ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-helical se-molecule ye-amylose, enze inkimbinkimbi emunca ukukhanya futhi ibonakale imnyama ngombala.

Okuqukethwe kwe-Amylose ekudleni okuhlukile

I-Amylose wuhlobo lwesitashi olutholakala ezitshalweni ezakhiwe ngamaketanga amade amayunithi eglucose. Kuyi-polymer yeketango eliqondile, ngokungafani i-amylopectin, enamagatsha amaningi. Okuqukethwe kwe-amylose ekudleni kunomthelela ekuphekeni kwakho nokondleka kwakho.

Ingabe I-Amylose Content Impacting Cooking Ikuthinta Kanjani?

Okuqukethwe kwe-amylose ekudleni kuthinta izici zako zokupheka ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amylose erayisini kuyenza inganamatheli futhi kube lula ukuhlukana phakathi uma kuphekiwe.
• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amylose kumazambane kuwenza aqine futhi asebenziseke kakhulu ekwenzeni amasaladi amazambane nezinye izitsha ezidinga amazambane ukugcina isimo sawo.
• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amylose esinkwa kusivumela ukuthi sigcine ukwakheka nokuthungwa kwayo lapho sibhakwa.

Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokudla zika-Amylose?

I-Amylose inezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokudla okunomsoco, okuhlanganisa:

• Kuwuhlobo lwesitashi esimelana nesisu esingasiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazi enempilo.
• Ingasiza ekulawuleni isisindo ngoba ayiphukile emathunjini amancane futhi ingakwenza uzizwe ugcwele isikhathi eside.
• Kungasiza ukugcina amagciwane e-gut enempilo ngoba aphulwa emathunjini amakhulu ngama-bacteria.

Izinkampani Zingayisebenzisa Kanjani I-Amylose Ekukhiqizeni Ukudla?

Izinkampani zingasebenzisa i-amylose ekukhiqizeni ukudla ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ebophayo ekudleni okugayiwe.
• Ingase isetshenziselwe ukwehlisa amazinga ejeli ekudleni, ikwenze kungabi nanti futhi kube lula ukuyiphatha.
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitashi esingazweli, okuwuhlobo lwesitashi esingaphulwanga emathunjini amancane futhi singasiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini enempilo.

Yiziphi Ezinye Zokudla Zendabuko Eziqukethe Amazinga Aphakeme E-Amylose?

Ezinye izidlo zendabuko eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-amylose zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla kwaseJapane, okuhlanganisa irayisi eningi.
• Ukudla kwase-Afrika, okubandakanya ubhontshisi omningi nemifino enesitashi.
• Ukudla kwaboMdabu baseMelika, okubandakanya ummbila omningi namazambane.

Ungakufaka Kanjani Ukudla Okuphezulu ku-Amylose ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke?

Ungahlanganisa ukudla okuphezulu kwe-amylose ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa irayisi elimnyama esikhundleni selayisi elimhlophe ezitsheni zakho.
• Faka ubhontshisi we-pinto kumasaladi akho nesobho.
• Sebenzisa ubhatata esikhundleni samazambane amhlophe ezitsheni zakho.
• Khetha isinkwa esenziwe ngofulawa wokusanhlamvu esikhundleni sikafulawa omhlophe.
• Faka nobhontshisi bezinso kupelepele wakho nakwezinye izitsha.

Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Yokupheka Ukudla Okuphezulu e-Amylose?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokupheka ukudla okune-amylose ephezulu yilokhu:

• Pheka irayisi ngenani elikhulu lamanzi ukuze wehlise amazinga ejeli futhi ulenze linganamatheli kakhulu.
• Pheka amazambane kuze kube yilapho esethambile, bese uwapholisa ukuze alondoloze isimo sawo.
• Cwilisa ubhontshisi ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokuwupheka ukuze wenze kube lula ukugayeka.

Izinzuzo ze-Amylose

Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-amylose yikhono layo lokusiza ekulawuleni isisindo. Njenge-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, i-amylose ithatha isikhathi eside ukugaya, okusho ukuthi ikugcina uzizwa ugcwele isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhalori sekukonke futhi kuvimbele ukudla ngokweqile. Ukwengeza, i-amylose iyisitashi esingenawo amandla amancane, okusho ukuthi iqukethe amakholori ambalwa ngegremu ngalinye uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesitashi.

Ingase Yehlise Ingozi Yesifo Sikashukela

I-Amylose ixhunyaniswe nengozi encishisiwe yesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyisitashi esingazweli, okusho ukuthi imelana nokugayeka kokudla emathunjini amancane futhi idlulele emathunjini amakhulu. Lapha, isebenza njenge-prebiotic, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwama-bacteria amathumbu anempilo. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kunciphise nengozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela.

Isekela Impilo Yenhliziyo

Ukudla ukudla okunothe nge-amylose kuye kwahlotshaniswa nempilo yenhliziyo ethuthukisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-amylose isiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol emzimbeni. Ukwengeza, kutholakale ukuthi kunomthelela omuhle emazingeni omfutho wegazi, okungase kunciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Kungase Kusize Ngokugayeka kokudla

I-Amylose inomthelela omuhle ekugayeni ukudla ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-prebiotic. Ikhuthaza ukukhula kwe-bacterial gut enempilo, engathuthukisa impilo yonke yokugaya. Ukwengeza, i-amylose itholakale ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni nesifo sezinso.

Ihlinzeka ngomthombo wamandla olinganiselayo

I-Amylose iyi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi enikeza umthombo wamandla olinganiselayo. Ngokungafani noshukela olula, obangela ukukhuphuka okusheshayo emazingeni kashukela egazini, i-amylose igaywa kancane, inikeze amandla aqhubekayo usuku lonke. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuphahlazeka kwamandla futhi kukwenze uzizwe uqaphile futhi ugxile.

Itholakala Ekudleni Okujwayelekile

I-Amylose itholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okuvamile, okuhlanganisa:

• Ilayisi (ikakhulukazi irayisi elimhlophe lezinhlamvu ezinde)
• Amazambane (ikakhulukazi amazambane nama-pinto amazambane)
• Ubhontshisi
• Udali
• I-Peas
• Imifino eluhlaza
• Ukudla okuphelele

Kulula Ukukuhlanganisa Ekudleni Kwakho

Ukufaka ukudla okunothe nge-amylose ekudleni kwakho kulula. Nawa amanye amathiphu:

• Qala usuku lwakho ngesitsha se-oatmeal noma okunye okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
• Hlanganisa ubhontshisi noma udali ube isobho, isitshulu, namasaladi.
• Engeza imifino enamaqabunga kumasemishi, ama-wraps, nama-smoothies.
• Khetha irayisi elimhlophe lezinhlamvu ezinde esikhundleni serayisi elimhlophe lendabuko.
• Ukudla kwemifino eluhlaza, njengezaqathi nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, kanye ne-hummus noma amanye amadiphu kabhontshisi.

Note olubalulekile

Nakuba i-amylose inezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudla inani elikhulu lokudla okucebile kwe-amylose kungaba nomthelela omubi. Isibonelo, ukudla i-amylose eningi kungabangela ukukhula kwesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile. Ukwengeza, abanye abantu bangase baguliswe i-amylose noma babe nobunzima bokuyigaya. Njenganoma yiluphi ushintsho ekudleni, kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile ekudleni kwakho.

Ukwakheka

I-Amylose iwuhlobo lwe-molecule eyakhiwe ngamaketanga amade amayunithi eglucose. IGlucose wuhlobo lukashukela olutholakala ekudleni okuningi okuhlukene, futhi ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-amylose. Amayunithi e-glucose ku-amylose axhunywe ngamabhondi ahlangene, okusho ukuthi abanjwe ndawonye yipheya ehlanganyelwe yama-electron. Lezi zibopho zaziwa ngokuthi amabhondi e-glycosidic.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Amylose Structures

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezakhiwo ze-amylose: iketango eliqondile kanye neketango elihlanganisiwe. I-Straight chain amylose yenziwe iketango elilodwa lamayunithi eglucose, kuyilapho i-branched chain amylose inamaketango amaningi axhumene kwelinye. Izakhiwo ezahlukene ze-amylose zingathinta izakhiwo zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamanzi Esakhiweni Se-Amylose

Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo se-amylose. Ukwakheka kwe-helical ye-amylose kuzinza ngokuba khona kwama-molecule amanzi. Ngaphandle kwamanzi, i-molecule ngeke ikwazi ukugcina isimo sayo. Yingakho i-amylose ivame ukutholakala ekudleni okuqukethe amanzi amaningi, njengezithelo nemifino.

Iqhaza lika-Amylose Ekufomeni Kwesitashi

I-Amylose ingenye yezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zesitashi, okuwuhlobo lwe-carbohydrate esetshenziswa izitshalo ukugcina amandla. Isitashi sakhiwe kokubili i-amylose ne-amylopectin, okuyi-molecule yamaketanga. I-Amylose isiza ukuhlanganisa ama-molecule esitashi, idale isakhiwo esikwazi ukugcina amandla ngendlela efanele.

Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Yesakhiwo Se-Amylose

Kulabo abathanda imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yesakhiwo se-amylose, nanka amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:

• I-Amylose yenziwe ngamayunithi e-alpha glucose, okusho ukuthi ama-molecule e-glucose aqondiswa ngendlela ethile.
• Amabhondi e-glycosidic phakathi kwamayunithi e-glucose angamabhondi e-alpha-1,4, okusho ukuthi isibopho sakheka phakathi kwe-athomu yekhabhoni yokuqala kanye ne-athomu yesine yekhabhoni kumayunithi eglucose aseduze.
• Isakhiwo se-helix se-amylose siqiniswa ngamabhondi e-hydrogen phakathi kwamayunithi e-glucose.
• I-helix ewumphumela inobubanzi obungama-angstrom ayi-10 kanye nephimbo elingamayunithi ayi-6 eglucose ijika ngalinye.
• I-Amylose iyi-amorphous, okusho ukuthi ayinaso isakhiwo sekristalu esiqondile njengamanye ama-molecule.
• I-Amylose ingakha izakhiwo eziphakathi phakathi kweketango eliqondile kanye namafomu eketango elinegatsha, kuye ngezimo lapho ilungiswa khona.

Sengiphetha, ukwakheka kwe-amylose kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunokusetshenziswa okuningi ekudleni nakwezinye izindawo. Ukuqonda amabhlogo wokwakha ayisisekelo kanye nesakhiwo se-helical se-amylose kubalulekile ekugcineni ukudla kusha nokudala imikhiqizo emisha encike kule molekyuli.

Umsebenzi

I-Amylose, kanye ne-amylopectin, wuhlobo lwesitashi olutholakala ezitshalweni. Isebenza njengendlela yokugcina amandla ngendlela yama-molecule eglucose, akhiqizwa nge-photosynthesis. I-Amylose iwuchungechunge olude, oluqondile lwamayunithi eglucose, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-amylopectin, enamagatsha amaningi. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-amylose ikhono lokubopha nokugcina amanzi amaningi kune-amylopectin, okwenza kube umthombo wamandla ongcono.

I-ejenti Yokujiya Nokubopha

I-Amylose ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ukudla. Iqukethe amandla okwenza ijeli lapho ishisiwe, esiza ekujikeni nasekubopheni. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni amasoso, ukugcwaliswa kukaphaya, nokunye ukudla okudinga ukufana okuqinile, okufana nejeli. Ijeli yakhiwa lapho ama-amylose amangqamuzana ehlangana ndawonye, ​​enze inethiwekhi yamabhondi e-hydrogen. Le nethiwekhi ibamba amanzi namanye ama-molecule, akhiqize into ewugqinsi, engabonakali.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni

I-Amylose inemisebenzi eminingi yezimboni ngenxa yekhono layo lokwenza ijeli. Ivame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni efana nezingubo zephepha, izinto zokunamathisela, namafilimu. Ikhono lokwenza ijeli le-amylose liphinde lenze i-emulsion stabilizer enhle kakhulu, ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukudla okuthile nezimonyo. Ukwengeza, i-amylose isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki angaboli.

Usizo Lokugaya

I-Amylose inesibopho sokwakheka kwe-helical yama-molecule e-starch, okubalulekile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Lapho sidla ukudla okunesitashi, ama-enzyme ahlukanisa ama-molecule esitashi abe amayunithi eglucose. Isakhiwo se-helical se-amylose senza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi ama-enzyme aphule, okusho ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukugaya. Le nqubo yokugaya kancane ihlinzeka ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo kweglucose emzimbeni, okwenza kube umthombo omuhle wamandla aqhubekayo.

I-ejenti Yokwenza Umbala Nefilimu

I-Amylose inikeza umbala omhlophe ekudleni futhi ivame ukuba khona ekudleni okulungiselelwe ngaphandle kwenqubo yokupheka eqondile. Iphinde ibe namandla okwenza ifilimu, ewusizo ekufakweni kokudla. Ikhono lokwenza ifilimu le-amylose lingenxa yemvelo yayo ye-hydrophobic, evumela ukuthi igxile ebusweni boketshezi bese yenza ifilimu eqinile. Le filimu inikeza isithiyo kumswakama nomoya, igcina ukudla kusha isikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Amylose – (C6H10O5)n

I-Amylose iwuhlobo lwe-carbohydrate etholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene emvelweni. Iwuchungechunge olude lwama-molecule eglucose eyingxenye eyinhloko yesitashi. Ezigabeni ezedlule, sixoxe ngemvelo eyisisekelo, ukwakheka, kanye nomsebenzi we-amylose. Manje, ake singene ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukene kwe-amylose.

Imboni Ukudla

I-Amylose iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile embonini yokudla. Itholakala ngamanani aphezulu kumazambane, ubhatata, nemifino yezimpande. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-amylose embonini yokudla kufaka:

• Ukukhiqiza isitashi esisheshayo, esincibilika kalula emanzini futhi sisetshenziswa njengama-thickeners ekuphekeni
• Ukwenza i-gum kanye ne-binder yezingubo ezipholile kuma-French fries nokunye ukudla okuthosiwe
• Inikeza ukukhululwa kancane kwamandla, njengoba igaywa kancane futhi ihlukaniswe ibe i-maltose
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingapheli ngokulawula ukugaya kanye nokuzinzisa amazinga kashukela egazini

Imboni yezindwangu, ifilimu, iphepha, kanye ne-Pulp

I-Amylose ibuye isetshenziswe embonini yendwangu, ifilimu, iphepha kanye ne-pulp. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukukhiqiza izindwangu zokucindezela unomphela, njengoba kusiza ukuzinzisa imicu
• Ukwenza amafilimu nezingubo zokugqoka, njengoba kune-conductivity enhle yokushisa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlolwa kwethusi
• Okuqukethwe okuhlobene ne-synthesis, okufana ne-azo compounds nama-acidic radicals
• Ukuhlaziya izakhiwo ezingqubuzanayo zezixazululo, njengosawoti kanye ne-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

Izithako zokudla

I-Amylose nayo isetshenziselwa izithako zokudla. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukulawula ukugaya nokunciphisa ingozi yesifo samathumbu
• Inikeza ukukhululwa kancane kwamandla, njengoba igaywa kancane futhi ihlukaniswe ibe i-maltose
• Ukuzinzisa amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingapheli

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana no-Amylose

I-Amylose iqukethe iketango elilodwa lamayunithi eglucose axhunywe ukuxhumana kwe-alpha glycoside. Lokhu kuxhumana kwakha iketango eliqondile, ngokuvamile elaziwa ngokuthi i-polymer.

I-amylose iqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo?

I-Amylose iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile ezinhlayiyeni zesitashi, futhi ngokuvamile iqhathaniswa ne-cellulose. Ngokungafani ne-cellulose, i-amylose iqukethe izixhumanisi ze-alpha glycoside ezakha isakhiwo se-helical. Lesi sakhiwo simbozwe ngokuqinile futhi sizungeza, okwenza siqine futhi simelane nokugaya.

Yiziphi imikhakha lapho i-amylose isebenza khona?

I-Amylose isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa imboni yezimonyo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye nemboni yokudla. Yaziwa futhi ngezakhiwo zayo zokunamathisela kanye nokungazweli, okuyenza ibe inhlanganisela ekhangayo yokulungisa amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yamagciwane.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zezempilo ze-amylose?

I-Amylose inezinzuzo eziningana zezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa amazinga kashukela egazini, ukunciphisa ingozi yamagciwane, nokukhuthaza ukugayeka kokudla okunempilo. Ukwengeza, iyi-polymer engazweli emanzini, iyenze ibe inhlanganisela ekhangayo ukuze isetshenziswe embonini yezimonyo.

Akhiwa kanjani amabhondi ku-amylose?

Amabhondi aku-amylose akhiwa ukuxhumana kwe-alpha glycoside, okuxhuma amayunithi e-glucose echungechungeni oluqondile. Lezi zibopho ziqinile futhi zakha isakhiwo esiqinile esimelana nokugaya.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-amylose ne-amylopectin?

I-Amylose ne-amylopectin amamodeli amabili ahlukene esitashi. I-Amylose iqukethe uchungechunge olulodwa lwamayunithi e-glucose, kuyilapho i-amylopectin iqukethe amaketanga amaningi amayunithi e-glucose axhunywe ukuxhumana kwe-alpha glycoside. Ukwengeza, i-amylose ngokuvamile yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo zokunamathisela nokumelana, kuyilapho i-amylopectin yaziwa ngekhono layo lokudala isakhiwo esifana nejeli.

Ukugcina le mibuzo engqondweni, kuyacaca ukuthi i-amylose iyinhlanganisela yebhayoloji ebalulekile enezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana emikhakheni ehlukene. Isakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele namabhondi ahlala isikhathi eside kuyenza ibe inhlanganisela ekhangayo ukuze isetshenziswe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, nezimonyo. Ukwengeza, izinzuzo zayo zezempilo ziyenza ibe inhlanganisela ekhangayo yokukhuthaza ukugaya okunempilo nokulungisa amazinga kashukela egazini.

Isiphetho

Izinzuzo ze-amylose ziningi, futhi zitholakala ekudleni kwethu okuningi esikuthandayo. Iwumthombo omuhle kakhulu wesitashi esingazweli, esiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazi enempilo, futhi ingakusiza uzizwe ugcwele isikhathi eside. I-Amylose iyi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iyisithako esihle ongasisebenzisa ekuphekeni.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.