Shungiku: Idliwa Kanjani Futhi Upheke Ngayo

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe Mashi 2, 2024

Shungiku (春菊, Crown Daisy, Garland chrysanth emum) imifino evame ukusetshenziswa e-Japan. Ikhula izimbali eNtwasahlobo futhi ukuma kweqabunga kubukeka njengechrysanthemum, kubizwa kanjalo shun (spring) giku (chrysanthemum).

Ungadla zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngaphandle kweziqu eziqinile ezansi. Ibonakala njengekhambi kanye nohlaza ngenxa yengxenye engaphezulu enamaqabunga. Izwa ukubaba kancane ngokunambitheka kwe-herbal.

Izindlela zokupheka zaseJapane ezidumile njenge-sukiyaki noma i-tempura zivame ukuzisebenzisa futhi uyakupheka, ukugoqa-ukuthosa, noma ukugcoba ukuze kudleke.

Idumile e-Japan futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

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Iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo se-shungiku edliwayo?

Yonke ingxenye iyadliwa ngaphandle kweziqu eziqinile ezansi. Imbali nayo iyadliwa, kodwa ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa njengoba inokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu kuneziqu namaqabunga.

I-Shungiku inephunga eliyingqayizivele elicashile, kodwa ingadliwa iluhlaza njenge-coriander. Ukuthungwa kuhlanzekile, futhi kuhle kakhulu kwisaladi. 

Kodwa iziqu zine-fiber eningi, futhi zilukhuni ukuhlafuna ziluhlaza. Ngakho-ke ungase ufune ukugoqa-gazinga noma ubilise iziqu. Yingakho abantu beyisebenzisa emabhodweni ashisayo kakhulu.

Ukunambitheka nakho kuhlukile, ngakho abanye abantu abathandi ukukudla. Uma ungumuntu othanda amakhambi, khona-ke cishe kuzoba enye yezintandokazi zakho.

I-Shungiku ingadliwa njengeminye imifino enamaqabunga njengesipinashi noma i-komatsuna. Futhi igcwele izakhamzimba, ngakho-ke iyisengezo esihle kakhulu ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ibizwa ngekhambi kanjalo neluhlaza ngenxa yalokhu.

Ingabe i-shungiku iyikhambi noma iluhlaza?

Shungiku a Ikhambi laseJapane futhi green. 

Ikhambi laseJapane isitshalo esinemiphumela yokwelapha futhi sesisetshenziswe isikhathi eside eJapane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaqabunga e-shiso, i-wasabi, nejinja. Futhi shungiku ungomunye wabo. Ikakhulu iphunga nama-flavour akuqinile njengamakhambi aseNtshonalanga.

I-Shungiku iyimifino ewusizo engadliwa kokubili iluhlaza futhi iphekwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ine-α-pinene ne-perillaldehyde, ngokusho kukaJucá, D., Silva et al (Planta medica, 2011) kuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwesisu. Iphinde ibe nenala yamavithamini namaminerali.

Ngabe i-shungiku inambitheka kanjani?

U-Shungiku uye ukunambitheka okubabayo nokuyingqayizivele, kodwa okumnene kwe-herbal. Kufana nemifino enamahlamvu njengesipinashi ne-chard, kodwa inomunyu kanye nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele njenge-kale.

Amaqabunga anokwakheka okuhlanzekile okufana nesaladi yerokhethi kanye neziqu njengesipinashi samanzi saseShayina.

Iyiphi enye indlela ye-shungiku ongayisebenzisa ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okufanayo?

"Kikuna" iyindlela engcono kakhulu uma ufuna ukuthola ukunambitheka okufanayo. Yimifino efanayo ne-shungiku, kodwa ikhuliswa ngendlela ehlukile. 

I-Kikuna inamaqabunga ayindilinga nesipinashi kanye neziqu ezifana nekomatsuna, kodwa ukunambitheka kuyafana.

Okulula kakhulu ukuthola enye indlela ye-shungiku kungaba amaqabunga e-rocket. Uzothola ukubaba okufanayo kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile futhi kuzofanelekela izitsha eziningi.

I-Shungiku inezindlela eziningi zokupheka, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo ekuphekeni okudumile.

Yiziphi izindlela zokupheka zaseJapane ezidumile ezisebenzisa i-shungiku?

Kunezindlela zokupheka ezihlukahlukene zaseJapane ezithandwayo ezine-shungiku.

Kunezindlela ezingenakubalwa zokusebenzisa i-shungiku ekuphekeni, kodwa ngezansi uzothola izindlela ezi-5 ezidume kakhulu zokuyisebenzisa.

1. I-Sukiyaki Hot pot (noma enye ibhodwe elishisayo)
2. I-Tempura
3. Govuza-gazinga dish
4. Imbewu yeSesame i-aemono (isitsha esiphosiwe)
5. I-Ohitashi (isitsha esiphekiwe) njll...

Ngezitsha ezingenhla, ungahlanganisa kanye nesiko lokudla elidumile lama-Japanese.

Awekho amalungiselelo amaningi okumele adlule, ngakho-ke kulula ukwengeza i-shungiku esitsheni sakho.

Uyipheka kanjani i-shungiku?

Ukuze upheke i-shungiku, ungakwazi ukumisa, u-deep-fry, u-blanch noma usebenzise ezinye izindlela zokupheka ezihlukahlukene. Izindlela ezi-3 ezivame kakhulu zokupheka i-shungiku zingezansi.

1. Faka esobhoni/ebhodweni elishisayo/ esitsheni: Yengeza ukunambitheka esobhoni. Iziqu ziyathamba, ngakho-ke kulula ukudla. Ngokuvamile engeza ukuphela kokupheka. Gcoba iziqu kuqala, bese kuthi amaqabunga.
2. Ukuthosa: Amafutha asiza ukuqeda ukubaba. Kuyindlela yokujabulela ukuthungwa okupholile kwe-shungiku.
3. I-Blanch ye-aemono/ohitashi: Shungiku naye kumnandi ukudla amakhaza, njenge spinach. Njengoba iziqu ziqinile, kunconywa ukuba u-blanch ujabulele ukuthungwa.

Ngayinye yezindlela ezingenhla zokupheka i-shungiku iletha ukuthungwa okuhlukile kanye nephrofayili ye-flavour esitshalweni.

Kulula kakhulu futhi ukugcina okuluhlaza ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga inqwaba futhi ulisebenzise ngezindlela ezahlukene phakathi nesonto. Inani lokudla okunomsoco lihlala lihle kakhulu efrijini futhi izinzuzo zezempilo zinkulu.

Uyigcina kanjani i-shungiku?

Ukugcina i-shungiku, kunezinyathelo ezi-3 kuphela okudingeka uzilandele.

1. Gcoba iziqu ngethawula lephepha elimanzi: Manzisa amathawula ephepha angu-2 kuya ku-3 ngokulinganayo futhi umboze iziqu ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ekugcineni kwawo. Kuyasiza ukufaka amanzi e-shungiku. Akudingeki umboze amaqabunga ngoba angawalimaza ngokuphambene.
2. Yifake ngaphakathi kokugoqa kwepulasitiki: Umoya omncane, umonakalo omncane! Zama ukuyibeka kahle, ukuze yonke ingxenye ye-shungiku ihlanganiswe.
3. Yimise esiqandisini: Isiza iziqu ukuthi zingagobi, ngakho-ke ivimbela umonakalo.

Izinyathelo ezingenhla zikusiza ukuthi ugcine i-shungiku yakho iyintsha efrijini.

Ungakwazi futhi ukuyifriza esikhundleni sokuyifaka efrijini uma uzoyibilisa. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyasiza ukugcina impilo yeshalofu isikhathi eside futhi nokugcina imisoco eyengeziwe.

Iyini i-nutrition value ye-shungiku?

Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wase-US kanye ne-Andra Farm, iShungiku inenani eliningi lokudla okunempilo njengoba lingezansi.

Njengoba kunensada yemisoco, ukudla i-shungiku kusiza ukugcina umzimba wakho unempilo.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zezempilo ze-shungiku?

I-Shungiku inezinzuzo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene ezinomsoco omningi. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezi-4 ezibalulekile yilezi ezilandelayo.

1. Thuthukisa indawo yamathumbu kanye nesimiso sezinzwa: I-Shungiku inokuningi fiber lokho kusiza ukumunca amanzi amaningi, okusho ukuba nokuphuma kwesisu esingcono. Futhi njengoJucá, D., uSilva et al bathola ocwaningweni lwabo lwe-2011 ku-Planta medica, i-α-pinene ithuthukisa ukuphuma kwesisu.
2. Vimbela i-osteoporosis: Ushiroyama, T., Ikeda, A., & Ueki, M. (2002) bathole ukuthi I-Vitamin K no-D kwandisa ukuminyana kwamaminerali amathambo, ukugcina ibhalansi ohlelweni lwe-fibrinolysis-coagulation nokusiza abesifazane abane-osteopenia kanye ne-osteoporosis.
3. Ivimbela i-anemia: Iron futhi Ifolda izakhi ezibalulekile ze-anemia. U-Ahmed, F., Khan, M., & Jackson, A. babhale kujenali yaseMelika ye-clinical nutrition (2001) ukuthi i-Iron + folic acid + i-vitamin A yehlisa i-anemia ngo-92%, ukuntula insimbi ngo-90%, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A. ngo-76%. I-ayoni ingumthombo odingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, futhi i-folate ingumthombo wokusekela ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
4. Ivikela isikhumba sethu kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila: i-β-carotene ku-shungiku izinguquko zibe Vitamin A, futhi ngokusho kuka-Roche, F., & Harris-Tryon, T. (2021), le Vithamini A idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwesikhumba kanye nokugcina i-microbiome yesikhumba, yehlisa ukungenwa yizifo zesikhumba kanye nokuvuvukala.

Izinkathi ezingcono kakhulu ze-shungiku yikwindla nobusika, kanti lezo ezivunwa kulezi zikhathi zonyaka zinemisoco eminingi kunezinye izinkathi zonyaka.

Uzikhulisa kanjani i-shungiku microgreens kusuka enzalweni?

Ukuze ukhule i-shungiku kusuka enzalweni, lawula izinga lokushisa endaweni 15 ~ 20 ℃ (59-68 Fahrenheit) futhi wenze umhlabathi ube ne-asidi kusuka i-asidi emaphakathi kuya kokungathathi hlangothi. 

Kunezinyathelo eziyisi-6 kuphela zokukhulisa ngempumelelo i-shungiku microgreens kusuka enzalweni njengoba kubonakala ngezansi.

1. Lungisa umhlabathi kusenesikhathi ngokwengeza umhlabathi ovundile, ogcina umswakama, njll
2. Tshala imbewu namanzi cishe izinsuku ezi-5-7
3. Uma ubona amaqabunga angu-1 noma amabili ekhula, yenza isikhala esingu-2-0.8 intshi phakathi kwamaqabunga
4. Uma ubona amaqabunga ama-4 noma ama-5 ekhula, yenza isikhala esingamasentimitha angu-2-2.4 phakathi kwamaqabunga
5. Vuna uma kunamaqabunga ayi-7 kuya kwayi-8 ku-shungiku ngayinye
6. Uma uzoshiya amaqabunga ama-3 kuye kwamane, nikeza isikhala esingaba ngamasentimitha angu-4-6 kude

I-Shungiku isitshalo esilula futhi esilungele ukukhula. Kodwa uma ukhathele ukuyikhulisa, ungayithenga noma nini ezitolo ezinkulu eJapan!

Ingabe i-shungiku isitshalo esidumile saseJapan?

Yebo, i-shungiku ingenye eminingi amakhambi adumile e-Japan, ikakhulukazi ngo-January nango-February, okuyinkathi engcono kakhulu ye-shungiku. 

Ngokusho kwe-e-stat.co.jp, ngo-2021, inani elivuniwe lalingu-27,200 t e-Japan. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu oyedwa udla cishe u-1 gm ngonyaka owodwa.

Abantu baseJapane abayidli nsuku zonke, kodwa ngokuvamile bayengeza ebhodweni labo elishisayo noma i-sukiyaki ukuze bajabulele ukudla nomndeni. Kuvamile ukubona esuphamakethe evamile e-Japan futhi.

Kodwa kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi amanye amaJapane ayakuthanda futhi awathandi ukuwudla ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuhlukile.

Abanye abantu badla kuphela ngezindlela ezithile zokupheka, njengokuthosa okujulile noma ukubilisa. Abanye abantu nabo sebeqalile ukuyidla sebekhulile. Kuwukunambitheka izingane eziningi ezingakuthandi kodwa ukhula uthandeke.

Futhi ayidumile nje e-Japan, futhi idume kakhulu e-China njengesibonelo, lapho ibizwa ngokuthi i-tong ho.

Ingabe i-shungiku iyafana ne-tong ho?

I-Shungiku iyafana nemifino ye-tong ho (茼蒿), ebizwa nangokuthi i-Chinese Crown daisy.

I-Shungiku ivame ukudliwa nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuhlukile ngamagama aseShayina nawase-Asia. Ikakhulukazi ibuye igoswe noma ibiliswe isobho ukuze uyijabulele.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.