Lisho ukuthini elithi “summasen”? Kusetshenziswa nini leli gama eliguquguqukayo

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 3, 2021

Uma uhlela ukuya e-Japan, kodwa ungalwazi ulimi, igama elithi “suimasen” lingasiza kakhulu. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi inezincazelo ezihlukahlukene!

ISumimasen ingasho ukuthi:

• Ngiyaxolisa,
• Ngiyabonga, noma
• Uxolo.

Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe isetshenziswe kumuphi umongo, izincazelo ezahlukahlukene zihlobene.

Uma lokhu kuya kudida…yebo, awuwedwa.

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Lisho ukuthini igama elithi “summasen”?

Igama elithi “Sumimasen” lisho ukuthi “ngiyabonga”, kodwa libuye lisho ukuthi, “Ngiyaxolisa ngobunzima odlule kubo”. Ngale ndlela, kusho ukuthi “Ngiyaxolisa” nokuthi “ngiyabonga” ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kuvuma umzamo owenziwa othile ukuze akusize.

Liyini igama elithi “suimasen” ngokwezwi nezwi?

Uma ubuyela emuva emsuka wegama elithi "suimasen", lisuka ku-"sumanai", okusho ukuthi "okungaqediwe". Mhlawumbe yingakho elithi “suimasen” ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi “akwanele” noma “akukona ukuphela kwakho”, ngakho-ke noma ngabe uthi uxolo noma ukubonga, akusoze kwanela.

Futhi cishe akukhona (noma akufanele kube) okokugcina ukuzwa kuwe, njengoba manje usungaqala ukuthola izindlela zokwenza lokho :)

Kufanele ulisebenzise nini igama elithi “suimasen”?

Ngokwesiko laseJapan, elithi “suimasen” lingasetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo:

• Lapho ushayisa umuntu ngengozi
• Lapho ugijima sekwephuzile
• Uma ubiza uweta noma uweta (Ngalo mqondo, elithi “suimasen” lisetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuthi “uxolo”. Ivamise ukuhambisana nenkulumo ethi “chumon o shitai no desu ga”, okusho ukuthi “uxolo, ngiyaxolisa. 'ngingathanda uku-oda".)
• Uma uthola isimanga uthole kahle esibhedlela
• Uma ushiya okuthile ngemuva futhi kufanele utshelwe omunye umuntu
• Uma uthola ukugibela ekhaya (uyayibona inkinga ethathwe othile ukuze aphume endleleni yakhe?)
• Uma ulahlekile futhi ucela indlela
• Uma udinga ukwehla esitimeleni esigcwele abantu (Kulokhu, elithi “sumimasen” livame ukuhambisana nokuthi “oriru no de toshite kudasai”, okusho ukuthi “uxolo, ngingathanda ukudlula”)

Omqondofana welithi “suimasen”

Kunezinye izindlela zokuthi “ngiyaxolisa” nokuthi “ngiyabonga” ngesi-Japanese. Kodwa-ke, azinayo incazelo efanayo ncamashi, ngakho-ke ezinye zingasetshenziswa esimweni esisodwa, kodwa hhayi kwesinye.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi “ngiyabonga” ngesi-Japanese

Indlela eyodwa yokusho "Ngiyabonga" ukusebenzisa igama elithi “osoreirimasu”. Lena inguqulo enesizotha kakhulu yenkulumo ethi “ngiyabonga” futhi akuyona into ongayisebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Imvamisa isetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa namakhasimende noma abaphathi. Ngeke uyisebenzise lapho ukhuluma nabangane noma amalungu omndeni.

Futhi elithi “osoreirimasu” lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthi “ngiyabonga”, hhayi ukuthi “ngiyaxolisa” noma “uxolo”.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi “Ngiyaxolisa” ngesi-Japanese

I-“Gomen nasai” ingesinye esingaba esikhundleni. Lisuselwe egameni elithi “gomen”, okusho ukuthi “ukucela intethelelo”.

Ingabe i-gomen nasai ne-sumimasen ziyefana?

UGomen nasai uhlukile ku-sumimasen ngoba i-sumimasen ayiceli intethelelo kubantu. Kuwukuvuma nje ukuthi umuntu oshoyo wenze iphutha. Uma isetshenziswa, i-gomen nasai ivamise ukungahlelekile futhi isetshenziswa phakathi komndeni nabangane, kanti i-sumimasen ivamise ukusetshenziswa nabantu abadala.

"Honto ni gomen ne" ingasetshenziswa futhi. Kusho ukuthi “Ngiyaxolisa ngempela”. Elithi “Honto ni” lisho ukuthi “ngempela” futhi ukulifaka kwenza kubonakale sengathi ukuxolisa kwakho kuphuma enhliziyweni.

“I-Sogkuku gomen ne” iyinkulumo okufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwamalungu omndeni nabangane abaseduze. Kusho ukuthi “Ngiyaxolisa ngokweqiniso”.

I-“Moushi wakenai” ingenye indlela yokuxolisa. Le nkulumo isho ukuthi “Ngiphatheke kabi” futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuxolisa kumuntu ongamazi kahle noma othile onesikhundla esiphakeme kunawe.

I-“Moushi wake armasen deshita” ingasetshenziswa ezimeni ezifanayo. Kuhunyushwa ngokuthi “Ngiyaxolisa kakhulu. Ngizizwa kabi”.

Kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi i-"suimasen deshita" ngendlela efanayo.

I-“Sumimasen deshita” isetshenziswa uma ufuna ukusho ukuthi uyaxolisa, kodwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngokuvamile igcinelwe ukukhuluma nomphathi wakho noma abadala, kodwa ingasetshenziswa futhi ukugcizelela ubunzima besimo futhi when've wenze iphutha elikhulu.

Ngokwezwi nezwi, uma ungeza okuthi “deshita”, udala inkathi yokunamathisela yomhlaba ethi “suimasen” futhi ulenze libe ukuthi “Ngiyaxolisa ngengikwenzile”, ugcizelela ukuthi uzindla ngempela ngokwenzekile.

Indlela ejulile yokuxolisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi “owabi”. Lena enye yezindlela ezisemthethweni zokuxolisa futhi yakhulunywa kakhulu kubantu baseJapan nguNdunankulu wabo uTomiichi Murayama.

Wasebenzisa leli gama ukuveza ukuzisola kwakhe okujulile ngomonakalo nokuhlupheka abantu bakhe ababhekana nakho ngenxa “yokubusa kwamakholoni nolaka”.

I-Arigatou vs. sumimasen

Elithi “Arigatou” lingenye indlela yokuthi “ngiyabonga” ngolimi lwesiJapane.

Kodwa-ke, elithi sumimasen lisho ukuthi “ngiyabonga” ezingeni elijulile ngoba futhi liyavuma ukuthi isenzo ababonga ngaso umuntu kungenzeka sibangele ukuphazamiseka.

Ziningi izindlela zokuthi “ngiyabonga” usebenzisa igama elithi “arigatou”. Nazi ezinye izibonelo.

• U-Arigatou: ngiyabonga.
• U-Doumo arigatou: Ngiyabonga kakhulu.
• I-Arigatou gozaimasu: Le yindlela ehloniphekile yokubonga.
• Doumo arigatou gozaimasu: Ngiyabonga kakhulu.

I-Sumimasen vs. shitsurei shimasu

Ziningi izindlela zokuthi “ngiyabonga”, kodwa futhi ziningi izindlela zokuthi ngiyaxolisa.

Elithi “Sumimasen” lingasetshenziswa ukuchaza ukuthi “uxolo”, kodwa elithi “shitsurei shimasu” liyindlela enesizotha yokuthi “uxolo”. Igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa emicimbini esemthethweni naphakathi kwabantu ongabazi.

Okunye kuzoba okusemthethweni nakakhulu ngokuthi “osaki ni shitsurei shimasu”, okusho ukuthi “uxolo ngokushiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi/ngaphambi kwakho”.

Nokho, isifushanisiwe futhi abaningi bazosebenzisa i-“osakini” noma “shitsurei shimasu”, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi basebenzise kokubili ndawonye.

Lapho elithi “osaki ni” lisetshenziswa iyodwa, ukuhunyushwa kwayo kuhambisana kakhulu nemigqa yokuthi “uxolo, kufanele ngihambe”.

I-Sumimasen vs. suimasen

Kunokudideka okuncane mayelana nomsuka we-“suimasen”.

Abanye bacabanga ukuthi inguqulo yesitsotsi ethi “suimasen” kuyilapho abanye becabanga ukuthi yamukelwa lapho abantu besho igama elithi “suimasen” ngokushesha.

Zombili zihlobo lwemibono efanayo.

Eqinisweni, ubude bayo futhi bufushane, amagama womabili asho ukuthi "ngiyabonga", kodwa elithi "sumimasen" liyindlela ehloniphekile yokukusho.

Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi i-“suimasen” izovela kanjani, kungcono ukunamathela ngokuthi “suimasen”.

Kungani amaJapane ehlala ethi uxolo?

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthi “ngiyaxolisa” kanye “noxolo” ngolimi lwesiJapane, futhi kuyingxenye enkulu yesiko lezwe. Kodwa kumayelana nokucabangela nokuhlonipha kunokuxolisa, nokubonisa ukulungela kwakho ukufunda ephutheni futhi wenze kangcono.

Lokhu kuhlukile impela futhi awekho amasiko amaningi emhlabeni abelana ngalolu hlobo lokucabanga.

Abantu baseJapane bazi kahle indawo ebazungezile nokuthi abanye bacabangani ngabo. Bayaqikelela ukuthi bangabahluphi abanye ngezenzo zabo kanye namazwi abo, futhi bakuqaphela kakhulu ukuba abantu abahloniphekile.

Ngenxa yokuthi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngombono abawenzayo, bazosebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi “suimasen” ukuze balungise izinto futhi bagweme noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana okungaba khona noma izenzo ezithathwe ngaphandle komongo.

Ngale ndlela, leli gama lingacishe lisetshenziswe njengohlobo lokuzivikela. Kungavimbela isimo esingesihle ukuthi senzeke….ngisho noma isimo esingesihle besingeke senzeke kwasekuqaleni!

Ingabe ukuthi “suimasen” kungakufaka enkingeni?

Nakuba i-“suimasen” ngokuvamile ihloselwe ukushelela izinto, ngezinye izikhathi ingase ifake abantu enkingeni.

Isibonelo, yithi ubanjwe engozini yomgwaqo. Uma uthi uyaxolisa, kungabonakala njengokuvuma kwecala.

Kodwa-ke, abantu baseJapan bajwayele ukuthi “suimasen”, bangase bakusho noma kunjalo, ngisho noma bazi ukuthi omunye umuntu unephutha.

Kepha kufanele uqaphele lapho uyisebenzisa kulezi zimo bese uyigcinela lapho unephutha ngempela.

Ungalibiza kanjani igama elithi "sumimasen"

Uma ufaka igama elithi “suimasen” ku-Google Translate ukuze lihumushele esiNgisini, lizobuya namagama athi “excuse me”. Lena inguqulo yesiNgisi yezwi nezwi kakhulu yegama.

Uma uzibuza ukuthi igama liphinyiselwa kanjani, liphulwe kanjena:

Ngikutholile isono

Indlela yokugcizelela ifakwa ohlangeni lwesibili futhi umsindo wonkamisa uphinyiswa njengo“e” omude. Akukho kugcizelelwa nhlobo kuhlamvu lokugcina.

Ungayizwa kahle indlela ebizwa ngayo ngokulalela le vidiyo:

Usabela kanjani ku-"suimasen"?

Uma umuntu ethi “Ngiyaxolisa” ngesiNgisi, ayikho impendulo ephelele.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho othile ethi “ngiyabonga”, sithi “wamukelekile” noma “akunankinga”, kodwa uma othile ethi “ngiyaxolisa”, ayikho into emisiwe ongayisho ngokubuyisela.

Kodwa-ke, ukushiya umuntu elenga ngemuva kokuba exolisile kungaba yinto embi kakhulu.

Isiko lamaJapane liyafana. Ayikho ngempela impendulo ebekiwe ebizwa uma umuntu exolisa. Nokho, kuhle kakhulu ukuphendula.

Nawa amanye amathuba wezimpendulo ezifanele.

• Khothamisa ikhanda lakho: Lokhu kumane kusho ukuthi uyakuvuma ukuxolisa kwabo. Kungaba yikho konke okudingekayo, ikakhulukazi uma ungamazi kahle lowo muntu.
• Iya iya, ki ni shinaide: Ungakhathazeki ngakho.
• I-Daijoubu desu: Kulungile.
• UMondain ai desu: Akunankinga.
• I-ki ni shinaide (kudasai): Ungakhathazeki ngicela.

Uma uphendula umuntu omdala kakhulu kunawe, noma uma ukhuluma nomphathi emsebenzini, uzofuna ukuthatha umzila osemthethweni.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzofuna ukuthi nawe uthi “Ngiyaxolisa”. Kulezi zimo, ungaphendula ngokuthi “suimasen”, “gomen nasai”, noma “shitsurei shimasu”.

Kufanele futhi ukhothame njengoba usho lemishwana.

Uma uhlela ukuhamba, kufanele ugobe ngenkathi uhamba.

Kungani kukhothama amaJapan?

Masithathe umzila othile obucayi futhi sihlole ukuthi kungani amaJapane ekhothama kaningi, ikakhulukazi lapho exolisa.

Ukukhothama kuwuphawu lwenhlonipho emasikweni amaningi ase-Asia. Imicibisholo ejulile futhi emide izoba nenjongo nakakhulu.

Uma ukukhothama okujulile kuhambisana nokuxolisa, kusho ukuthi ukuxolisa kujulile futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho qiniseka ukuthi unikeza umnsalo ojulile lapho uthi "suimasen"!

Ingabe i-"suimasen" iluhlaza?

Ngokuvamile, i-“suimasen” ayinakho ukudelela, kodwa ingaba uma isetshenziswe esimweni esingalungile.

"I-Sumimasen" iyindlela elula yokuxolisa. Ingasetshenziswa uma ushaye othile ngephutha noma uma ubambezeleke.

Kodwa-ke, uma uzama ukuyisebenzisa lapho kudingeka ukuxolisa okwedlulele, kungathathwa ngendlela engafanele.

Uma ufuna ukuxolisa ngokwedlulele, zama ukuhamba no-“gomen nasai” okusho ukuthi “ngicela ungixolele”. Lesi sisho sisebenza emhlabeni wonke futhi singasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izimo ezihlelekile nezingajwayelekile.

Uma ufuna ukuzwakalisa ukuxolisa okujulile, zama imishwana efana nethi “gomeiwaku wo okake shite”, “moshiwake gozaimasen”, “moshiwake arimasen”. noma “owabi moshiagemasu”.

Lokhu kuvezwa kahle lapho ukhothamisa ikhanda lakho futhi.

Ukuhlola i-etymology ye-"suimasen"

Igama elithi "Sumimasen" livela egameni elithi "sumanai". Nakuba leli gama lisho “okungaqediwe”, umsuka walo, sumu, lisho “ngenhliziyo engasindwa umthwalo”.

Ngakho kuyafana ngencazelo yokuthi “ongaeshi ga sunde inai”, okusho ukuthi isenzo sokubuyisela umusa asikaqedwa.

Ingase futhi ihlobane nokuthi “jibun no kimochi ga osamaranai”, okusho ukuthi “angikwazi ukukwamukela lokhu nje”.

Uma ucabanga ngalokhu kuhumushwa kwezwi nezwi, ungabona ukuthi i-“suimasen” ingakwenza kanjani ukuxolisa okunganele kwezinye izimo.

Kungani elithi “suimasen” kungase kube ukuphela kwegama olidingayo

Uma uya eJapane, ulimi lungaba isithiyo esikhulu. Ulimi lwesiJapane nesiNgisi kuhluke kakhulu, futhi kungase kube nzima ukwazi amagama ngokwawo, ingasaphathwa eyokukhuluma ngohlelo lolimi!

I-"Sumimasen" ifika kahle ngoba inezincazelo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasiza uma ulahlekile.

Isibonelo, ithi uzama ukuthola isiteshi sase-Shinjuku. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazibuza.

Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uthi, “Sumimasen. Shinjuku eki wa doko desu ka”. Kodwa kusikhulumi sesiNgisi, lesi sisho singase sibe inkimbinkimbi.

Inguqulo eyenziwe lula ithi “Sumimasen. Unjani?" Uma usuqonda ukuthi” eki” kusho “isiteshi”, akumele kube nzima kakhulu ukuhumusha.

Kodwa ukwenza izinto zibe lula nakakhulu, vele ubuze, ''Sumimasen. Shinjuku Station?"

Impela, uhlelo lolimi aluluhle, kodwa cishe noma ubani omcelayo uzoqonda futhi cishe uzothola lapho okufanele uye khona.

Engeza i-"suimasen" kumagama akho

Igama elithi "Sumimasen" yigama okufanele wonke umuntu alazi uma eya eJapane. Inezincazelo eziningi, iyingxenye enkulu yesiko lama-Japanese, futhi ingakusiza nokuba uhambe edolobheni kalula!

Futhi funda: Kusho Ukuthini Omae Wa Mou Shindeiru?

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.