Kodi mpunga wa koji ndi chiyani? Kalozera wathunthu wa mpunga wapadera waku Japan wothira

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 31, 2022

Zakudya zofufumitsa monga kimchi yaku Korea, kombucha, ndi kefir zakhala zotchuka kwambiri posachedwa ndipo pazifukwa zomveka - zakudya zofufumitsa ndi zathanzi! Palinso chakudya chapadera cha ku Japan chofufumitsa chotchedwa koji mpunga chomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Mpunga wa Koji ndi mpunga wophikidwa, wothiridwa ndi nkhungu yotchedwa Aspergillus Oryzae (mpunga) kapena “koji.” Nkhungu yamtunduwu imayatsa mpunga wophika ndikutulutsa ma enzyme omwe amawola ma carbs ndi mapuloteni onse. Mpunga wa Koji umakhala ngati maziko opangira miso, amazake, shio koji, ndi zina zambiri.

Mu positiyi, ndikugawana zonse zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa za mpunga koji, momwe mungapangire komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndigawana mtundu wanga womwe ndimakonda wa mpunga wa koji womwe mungagule ku Amazon.

Ndizofunika kwambiri m'makhitchini ambiri akunyumba aku Japan ndipo chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala chapadera ndikuti ndi chakudya chofufumitsa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira zakudya ndi zakumwa zina zofufumitsa.

Choncho, mpunga wa koji si chakudya chimene mumangodya monga momwe ulili, koma mumagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zakudya zina ndi zakumwa.

Mpunga wa Koji, kapena "red yisiti mpunga" umapangitsa chakudya kukoma umami - ndiko kukoma kwachisanu kwa munthu ndipo imafotokozedwa bwino kuti ndi yokoma, yopatsa nyama pang'ono, komanso yosokoneza bongo.

Mpunga wa Koji, mofanana ndi zofufumitsa zina, ndi wathanzi ndipo umapatsa chakudya kukoma kwambiri.

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Kodi mpunga wa koji ndi chiyani?

Mpunga wa Koji umanena za njere zampunga zankhungu, zothiridwa ndi Aspergillus oryzae. Njere za mpungazo zimakulungidwa kwa masiku angapo, ndipo zimapitiriza kuwira.

Njira imeneyi yowotchera nkhungu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mpunga, balere, soya, ndi mitundu yambiri yambewu.

Koji mold imatulutsa ma enzyme mosalekeza. Izi zimawitsa mpunga ndi kuphwanya chakudya ndi mapuloteni.

Ojambula a ku China, Japan, ndi Korea aphunzira kulima Aspergillus oryzae (yemwe amadziwikanso kuti koji-kin ku Japan) pambewu, makamaka mpunga ndi balere, kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Zinthu zikayenera kuti tinjere ta nkhungu tizichita bwino pa imodzi mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti, tizithako take timatulutsa:

• Kupha ma enzymes kuphwanya mapuloteni mu chigawo chawo cha amino zidulo
• Ma enzymes a amylase, ndi ma saccharase enzymes kuti phwanya wowuma kukhala shuga wosavuta.
• Ma enzymes a lipase kuphwanya mafuta mu lipids, esters, ndi mankhwala onunkhira.

Ndikudziwa, zimamveka zovuta koma ndikungowonongeka kwa ma enzymes ndi zigawo zake mumpunga.

Mpunga wothiridwa kapena balere (wotchedwa "koji"), womwe tsopano wakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa ma enzyme.

Koji akhoza kufufumitsa m’njira zingapo kuti amve kukoma kokoma kwa shuga komwe kenako amathira phala la mpunga wotsekemera wotchedwa amazake.

Kapena, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mirin, kapena zitha kunenedwa kukhala zochepa zotsekemera komanso kupanga miso ndi chifukwa zomwe zili ndi kukoma kokoma.

Mpunga wa Koji umadziwika kuti Shio-Koji m'Chijapani kutanthauza mpunga wa koji wamchere. Koji yambiri imapangidwa ndi mpunga woyera.

Monga ndanenera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mpunga wa koji ngati zoyambira pazokometsera zosiyanasiyana monga miso paste, msuzi wa soya, zakudya, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoledzeretsa monga zokonda zaku Japan.

Fufuzani omwe amaphika mpunga ali abwino kwambiri pakuwunika kwanga kwakukulu

Kodi shio-koji ndi chiyani?

Shio koji ndi koji marinade yotengedwa ku mpunga. Amadziwikanso kuti mchere wa koji.

Mu 2011 Shio-koji inali fad ku Japan koma fashoni ikupitabe mphamvu pamene Azungu ambiri akuyamba kulawa.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo maphikidwe angapo a Shio-Koji adapangidwa. Shio-koji amaphatikiza mchere ndi koji kuti amve kukoma kwa mchere.

Chotero, Shio-koji ndi zokometsera zotupitsa zimene zatchedwa Shio kutanthauza ‘mchere’, ndipo ndi zokometsera zimene zimakhala ndi mchere ndi koji. Ndiwo mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zokometsera ngati mukufuna kuthamangitsa nyama kuti mupatse kukoma kwake kwa umami.

Machiritso a mchere wa kojiwa kapena marinade amapangidwa pothira njere ya mpunga ndi nkhungu zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndi mchere.

Chotsatira chake ndi kusakaniza wandiweyani ndi kusasinthasintha ngati phala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kowawa ndi kukoma pang'ono kwa izo.

Kodi koji ndi chiyani ndipo mbiri yake ndi chiyani?

Koji kapena koji-kin ndi mtundu wina wa bowa kapena nkhungu yomwe imadziwikanso mwasayansi monga Aspergillia Oryzae yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya. mpunga ndi mbewu zina. Chinachake chomwe anthu sadziwa ndichakuti koji SI yisiti.

Koji ndi mpunga wa koji siziri zofanana. Koji ndi bowa pomwe mpunga wa koji ndi mpunga wankhungu.

Aspergillia oryza ndi dzina lasayansi la koji la mitundu ya bowa yomwe imapanga koji.

Ndi mafangasi omwe amatha kumera pamasamba angapo monga mpunga, tirigu, masamba, ndi china chilichonse chomwe chili ndi chakudya.

Kuyambira kalekale akhala akugwiritsa ntchito izi popanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa monga sake, kapena zokometsera monga msuzi wa soya ndi zakumwa zina monga miso sashimi.

Ndiye kodi koji imachokera kuti?

Bowa limeneli linapezedwa kalekale ndipo linkagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kupesa zaka 3000 zapitazo ku China. Zinatenga nthawi kuti njira yowotcherayi itumizidwe ku Japan.

Mu nthawi ya Yayoi pakati pa BC 10 - AD 3rd century koji adabwera ku Japan.

M'zaka za m'ma 13 mpaka 15 (Heian ndi Muromachi period), bowa amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufumitsa zakudya ankagulitsidwa kwa anthu wamba.

Idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chifukwa chazaka za 8th nthawi ya Nara.

Mu Harima no Kuni Fudoki yomwe ili mbiri ya chikhalidwe ndi malo kuchokera ku chigawo cha Harima, njira yowotchera ya koji chifukwa cha chifukwa inatchulidwa kangapo.

Pamatchulidwanso mpunga wa koji womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi koji amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?

Koji sagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mpunga wa koji wokha. Ndipotu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yonse ya zakudya ndi zakumwa za ku Japan.

Nazi zakudya ndi zakumwa zotchuka kwambiri zopangidwa ndi koji:

• Mpunga wa Koji - ichi ndi "choyamba" cha zakudya zonse ndi zakumwa zomwe zili pamndandandawu
• Mirin
• Msuzi wa soya
• Yambani
• Miso paste (zokometsera zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu)
• Amazake (chakumwa chokoma cha mpunga)
• Shiyo kodi
• Tamara
• Msuzi wamasamba

Koji angakhaledi chifukwa chomwe supu ya miso imakupatsirani matenda otsekula m'mimba… phunzirani zambiri apa

Amazake (Sweet Sake)

Amazake ndi chakumwa chosaledzeretsa chopangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga wothira chomwe ndi chabwino kuti ana asangalale nacho.

Mawu achijapani akuti "nomu tenteki" amatanthauza "kumwa madontho a IV", omwe ali ndi zakudya zambiri. Chakumwachi ndi chodziwika pa zikondwerero za Chaka Chatsopano komanso Hina Matsuri, chikondwerero cha zidole ku Japan.

Miso

Zimatenga nthawi kuti mupange miso, koma ndizosangalatsa. Mutha kusangalala ndi zokonda za miso mosiyana ndi zomwe zimapezeka pamsika wamalonda.

Ndi rice koji, mutha kupanga phala la miso loyera, lachikasu, komanso lofiyira lomwe lili ndi kukoma kwamchere koma kokoma. zabwino kwa supu ya miso.

Ma FAQ aku Japan a koji

Kodi koji ingabzalidwe pambewu zosiyanasiyana?

Inde, mpunga, balere, ngakhale nyemba monga soya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chimanga ndi tirigu zimagwiranso ntchito!

Chabwino, mpunga ndi poyambira bwino koma koji ndi yoyenera kulima mbewu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Onetsetsani kuti njere zonse zaphikidwa mu uvuni popanda vuto lililonse. Njere zonse, zomwe zikadamera, zimafuna khama lochepa.

Nsomba za koji zimatha kulowa mu chipolopolo kapena kulowa njere. Choncho, njereyo iyenera kuphwanyidwa kapena kutenthedwa musanatsegule.

Kodi zakudya za mpunga za koji zimakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera komanso kosokoneza?

Zakudya zopangidwa ndi bowa wotukuka komanso mbewu kwa miyezi ingapo zimakwaniritsa kukoma kwapadera komanso kosokoneza. Koji ndi zamatsenga zenizeni pankhani ya zokometsera. M'kamwa mwathu ndi pang'ono kudzazidwa ndi zokometsera zomwe zimagunda lilime.

Chifukwa chake n'chakuti ma enzymes a nkhungu amatsegula ma amino acid ambiri omwe amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma. Imodzi mwa ma amino acid ndi glutamate yodziwika bwino, gawo la MSG ndipo izi zimapangitsa chakudya kukhala chosokoneza.

Glutamate mu mpunga wothira siwowopsa monga zakudya zofulumira zomwe zili ndi MSG.

Chakudya chimakhala chokoma ngati chafufumitsa kale. Koma, payokha, shio koji ili ndi fungo losiyana ndi kukoma kwake.

Njere zothiridwa (kaya mpunga kapena balere) zimatenga fungo lokoma ndi la zipatso zomwe zimakoma pang'ono ngati chingamu chokoma pa lilime.

Ndi kukoma kwa phala lokoma la miso ndi mirin kapena kuphika mirin.

Palinso mtundu wina wa koji womwe muyenera kuyang'ana - shoyu koji yomwe ndi njere za koji zomwe zimafufumitsa mu msuzi wa soya, osati madzi kuti kukoma kwake kukhale kochuluka.

Kodi mungagule kuti mpunga wa koji?

Ngati mukufuna njira yabwino yopezera koji, mutha kuyitanitsa ma spores a Koji ndi zida zoyambira ngati. Shirayuri Koji [Aspergillus oryzae] Spores on Amazon. Izi ndizopanda gluteni komanso vegan.

(onani zithunzi zambiri)

Ndi njira yosavuta yopangira makeke kunyumba. Chida ichi cha Shirayuri koji chili ndi timbewu ta tsitsi lalitali zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pothira mpunga, mbewu zina, ngakhale mbatata pazakumwa ngati.

Koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito kupesa soya ndikupanga miso paste kapena msuzi wa soya kunyumba.

Bowa ali ndi kukoma kokoma kotero ndilabwino chifukwa chotsekemera, mirin, white miso paste, komanso, shio koji.

Ngati mukuyang'ana mtundu wina wa koji (spore starter kit) womwe mungagwiritse ntchito Hishiroku Koji Starter Spores Powder Kairyou Chouhaku-kin.

Mukufuna kuyesa shoyu koji? Amatchedwanso umami puree kapena Muso waku Japan Organic Umami Puree wokhala ndi Ginger. Zimapangidwa ndi koji yofufumitsa mu msuzi wa soya.

Kodi mungasunge mpunga wa koji mpaka liti?

Mutha kusunga mpunga wa koji kwa mwezi umodzi m'chidebe chopanda mpweya mu furiji yanu. Mukasunga mufiriji, ndi bwino kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Choncho, simukuyenera kulima koji nthawi zonse koma kumbukirani kuti ngati muundana mpunga wa koji ukhoza kutaya zina mwa zokoma zake.

Njira ina yosungiramo ndikuumitsa koji mu dehydrator ya chakudya.

Dehydrate pa kutentha kwa 45 ° C kapena 113 F pazipita. Izi zimateteza michere yofunika kuti nayonso mtsogolomo.

Mutha kusunga mpunga wa koji wozizira koma osazizira kwathunthu. Mankhwalawa amakhalabe ofewa kuti agwiritse ntchito popanda kuyanika kwathunthu.

Koma chenjerani, nayonso mphamvu imatha kuyimitsa mufiriji. Idzataya pang'onopang'ono kukoma kotero muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Pamene shio koji yaundana kangapo, chiwopsezo chake chimakula. Pangani magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti asawonongeke.

Kodi mpunga wa koji ndi wathanzi?

Ngati mukuganiza za ubwino wa mpunga wa koji, muyenera kudziwa kuti zakudya zofufumitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zathanzi. Monga miso, zakudya zothiridwa koji ndi zina mwazakudya zathanzi za ku Asia.

Mpunga wa Koji uli ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi, monga zakudya zina zofufumitsa.

Ndiwokwera kwambiri mu ma probiotics, mtundu wa mabakiteriya othandiza omwe amathandizira kulimbikitsa thanzi lamatumbo komanso kuyamwa kwa zakudya.

Ma Probiotics adalumikizidwanso ndi maubwino ena osiyanasiyana. Ma probiotics amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu pakugwira ntchito kwa immunological, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, thanzi la mtima, komanso malingaliro.

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kupewa khansa.

Zakudya zofufumitsa za Shio-Koji zimathandiza kuti zakudya zifewetse ndi kuwola komanso zakudya monga ma amino acid ndi mchere.

Puloteni imakhalanso ndi zambiri zokhudza zakudya. Izi zitha kukulitsa zochitika za kagayidwe kachakudya muubongo komanso kuthandizira kuchira pakutopa.

Koji ali ndi vitamini B1 wochuluka, vitamini B 2, vitamini B6, ndi zina zotero. Vitamini E ndi zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zimasintha chakudya chamagulu kukhala mphamvu komanso zimathandiza kuti munthu ayambe kutopa.

Vitamini B2 imathandiza kuti khungu, tsitsi, ndi misomali likhale lathanzi komanso lolimba.

Tengera kwina

Mpunga wa Koji ndi koji makamaka ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chikhalidwe cha ku Japan, makamaka miyambo yophikira.

Kuphika kwa ku Japan kwadzaza ndi mbale zodabwitsa za umami. Ngati mukukonzekera kupanga miso kapena msuzi wa soya kunyumba, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mpunga wa koji.

Mukangoyamba kupanga chikhalidwe cha koji, mudzakhala mukupanga miso, shoyu, zokoma za ku Japan, ndi amazake kunyumba.

Palibe njira yathanzi yosangalalira kuphika ku Japan kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira ndikupanga zinthu kuyambira pachiyambi.

Komanso phunzirani momwe mungapangire furikake yanu kunyumba [ Chinsinsi cha kukoma kwa shrimp & bonito!]

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.