Sake: chakumwa chodabwitsa ichi cha ku Japan ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Ndasinthidwa August 7, 2022

Sake kapena saké (“sah-keh”) ndi chakumwa choledzeretsa cha ku Japan chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga wothira.

Sake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa umami amakoma mu chakudya ndi kuwaza nyama.

Sake amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri ku Japan, koma kodi mukudziwa kusiyana pakati pa sake monga chakumwa choledzeretsa komanso kuphika?

Muchikozyano eechi ndilanjila mubukombi bwakasimpe akaambo kakuti muntu uuli woonse uukonzya kuzumanana kusyomeka.

Ndifotokoza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sake ikhale yapadera kwambiri, momwe mungatumikire ndikumwa moyenera, ndipo ndikhala ndi kusiyana pakati pa zomwe zimaperekedwa m'malesitilanti ndi kuphika.

Khalani omasuka kulumpha kupita ku gawo lililonse lomwe limakusangalatsani!

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Kodi sake ndi chiyani?

Choyamba, tiyenera kukambirana, kodi chifukwa ndi chiyani?

Sake, wotchedwa SAH-keh, amapangidwa ndi kuthira mpunga, madzi oyera, nkhungu ya koji, ndi yisiti.

Sake nthawi zina amatchedwa "mayiko olankhula Chingerezi"vinyo wa mpunga", koma izi sizolondola.

Mosiyana ndi vinyo, momwe mowa (ethanol) umapangidwa ndi kupesa shuga womwe umapezeka mwachibadwa mu mphesa, sake amapangidwa ndi njira yopangira moŵa mofanana ndi mowa.

Mwachizoloŵezi, sake ankaperekedwa pamwambo wapadera.

Koma tsopano ndi chakumwa choledzeretsa chokhazikika ndipo amatsanulidwa kuchokera m’botolo lalitali lotchedwa tokkuri ndipo mumamwa m’makapu ang’onoang’ono (sakazuri kapena o-choko).

Pakuphika, wowuma wa mpunga amasandulika kukhala shuga, kenako yisiti amasintha shuga kukhala mowa.

Ubwino wa mpunga ndi madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofusira.

Wowuma kuchokera ku mpunga udzasanduka shuga, womwe pamapeto pake umawira mowa. Mowa ndi voliyumu (ABV) chifukwa chake pafupifupi 15-20%.

Ajapani ali ndi malamulo awoawo ndi zikhalidwe zawo chifukwa chakumwa, makamaka pazochitika zamwambo.

Ngakhale zili choncho, amamweranso nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zina, chifukwa chimathandizidwanso limodzi ndi chakudya chodyera kapena chamadzulo.

Koma anthu amagwiritsanso ntchito kuphika kwambiri.

Mitundu yosiyana siyana

Sake mu Chijapani amangotanthauza mowa, koma vinyo wothira wa mpunga amadziwika kuti nihonshu (日本酒). Amapangidwa ndi kuthira mpunga ndi madzi oyera, nkhungu ya koji, ndi yisiti.

1. chizolowezi chomwe chimaphatikizapo kumwa kwambiri
2. dzina lapadera lomwe lili ndi mitundu 8. Mawuwa amatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kupukuta mpunga. Mpunga wopukutidwa kwambiri umakhala wachiyero kwambiri komanso kalasi yapamwamba chifukwa chake. Junmai ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri.
3. Chifukwa cha Nama ndi chifukwa chosasunthika chomwe chimasungabe zina zobisika kwambiri.
4. Nigori yomwe ili yosasunthika ndi mawonekedwe amkaka.
5. Pomaliza muli ndi chifukwa chophikira, kapena ryorishu, yomwe ili ndi mchere wa 2-3% kuti ikhale yosayenera kumwa kotero kuti ikhoza kugulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa.

Pachikhalidwe, kunalibe kuphika mdziko lazakudya zaku Japan zenizeni.

Anthu aku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito Futsushu (ndikulowa m'malo ena otsatirawa) kuphika, ngakhale nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito yoyamba kuphika chakudya chokomera.

Sake ndi chakumwa chabwino kwambiri kuti muziphatikiza ndi mbale wamba monga ramen, soba Zakudyazi, tempura, sushi, ndi sashimi.

Kodi chifukwa ndi vinyo wa mpunga ndizofanana?

Ayi, chifukwa ndi vinyo wa mpunga sizinthu zomwezi ndipo izi ndizomwe zimasokoneza anthu ambiri. Zachidziwikire, zonse chifukwa ndi vinyo wa mpunga amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga koma amapangidwa mosiyana.

Vinyo wampunga amatha kuthiriridwa kapena kuthira.

Kumbali inayi, imangomwedwa ndikufesa ngati mowa. Pofuna kupanga izi, njere za mpunga zimathodwa ndi nkhungu ya Koji. Mukamapanga vinyo wa mpunga, wowuma mpunga amasandulika shuga.

Kodi kukoma kumakonda bwanji?

Sake ali ndi kukoma kosalala, mofanana ndi vinyo woyera. Mukamwa chifukwa chozizira, chimakhala ndi kukoma kofanana ndi kuuma vinyo woyera koma ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka mpunga ndi nutty.

Ngati mumamwa mowa wotentha, zimakhala ndi kukoma kofanana ndi vodka yopepuka. Komabe, chomwe chimapangitsa sake kukhala yapadera ndikuti ilinso ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono komanso zipatso.

Kodi mphamvu ndi yotani?

Sikuti onse ali ndi "mphamvu" kapena mowa wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwakanthawi. Zimatengera mtundu wa chifukwa.

Sake ali ndi mowa wapakatikati ndi voliyumu (ABV): pakati pa 15-22% chifukwa chakumwa ndi 13-14% pophikira. Siolimba ngati vodika, komabe yamphamvu kuposa mowa.

• mowa uli ndi 3 -9% ABV
• Vinyo ali ndi 9-16% ABV
• kuphika chifukwa 13-14%
• chifukwa champhamvu: 18-22%
• kachasu ali ndi 40%
• vodika ali ndi 40%

Kodi chifukwa cha mowa ndi chakumwa choledzeretsa?

Ayi, chifukwa sichiwoneka ngati chakumwa choledzeretsa chifukwa chimangokhala ndi 15-22% ya mowa ndi voliyumu. Chakumwa choledzeretsa chili ndi ABV yamphamvu ya 40% (monga vodka).

Chifukwa chake, simungathe kuyitanitsa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ngakhale zili zotheka kukupangitsani kukhala othandiza kwambiri!

Origin cha chifukwa

Sake wakhala akusangalatsidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 1500, ndipo amachokera ku China.

Ngakhale palibe tsiku lenileni la kupezeka kwa chifukwa, cha m'ma 500 BC, Anthu aku China adazindikira kuti ngati atalavulira mpunga womwe umatafunidwa ndi kusiya iwo kuti upse pogwiritsa ntchito michere yachilengedwe kuchokera m'malovu, mpungawo umakhala wowira kwambiri.

Njira imeneyi inali yauve komanso yamwano, choncho m’malo mwake, njira zina zinapezeka. Koji ndi mtundu wa nkhungu umene umathiridwa pa mpunga kuyambitsa njira yowotchera.

Njira ya koji inafalikira ku China ndi Japan, ndipo mu nthawi ya Nara (710-794), idakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira.

Dziko la Japan linali ndiudindo wakumwa mpaka 10^th zaka zana pamene amonke anayamba kupanga chakumwa ichi pa akachisi.

Pambuyo pazaka mazana angapo, sake adakhala chakumwa chodziwika bwino chamwambo.

Panthawi ya Meiji mu 19^th m'zaka za zana lino, anthu wamba anayamba kupanga chifukwa ndipo ambiri moŵa anatulukira.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sake wakhala chakumwa chodziwika bwino ndipo mpaka pano, ndi chakumwa chadziko lonse ku Japan.

Kodi mawu oti sake amatanthauza chiyani?

M'chilankhulo cha ku Japan, mawu oti "shu" (酒, "mowa", kutchulidwa shu) nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chakumwa chilichonse choledzeretsa, pomwe chakumwa chotchedwa "sake" mu Chingerezi chimatchedwa nihonshu (日本酒, "mowa waku Japan").

Pansi pa malamulo a zakumwa zoledzera ku Japan, sake amalembedwa ndi mawu akuti seishu (清酒, "chakumwa choledzeretsa"), liwu lofanana lomwe silimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Pali mawu osagwirizana omwe amatchulidwanso chifukwa, koma olembedwa mosiyana (monga 鮭), omwe amatanthauza nsomba.

Sake amapangidwa bwanji?

Sake amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sakamai mpunga wopukutidwa. Mpunga wopukutidwa umakhala wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira ndipo mpunga womwe amaugwiritsa ntchito pomwa mowa kwambiri ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.

Opanga moŵa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofulira moŵa mofanana ndi kupanga moŵa.

Amasakaniza mpunga ndi madzi oyera, yisiti, ndi nkhungu yapadera ya Koji yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupesa msuzi wa soya.

Chifukwa chabwino kwambiri, chotchedwa Genshu chimakhala ndi mowa wokwanira 20% pomwe ena amakhala ndi ABV ya 15%.

Kodi mowa ndi mowa?

Anthu ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti sake ndi vinyo, koma si mowa wosungunuka kapena mzimu. M’malo mwake amaphikidwa ngati moŵa.

Koma kwenikweni, ndi chakumwa cha mpunga chapadera, kotero musamatchule mowa.

Njira yofukira moŵa imasiyana ndi mmene moŵa amachitira, chifukwa mowa umasintha kuchoka ku wowuma kupita ku shuga komanso kuchoka ku shuga kupita ku mowa kumachitika m'njira ziwiri zosiyana.

Koma pamene sake imapangidwa, kutembenuka uku kumachitika nthawi imodzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimasiyana pakati pa sake, vinyo, ndi mowa:

• Vinyo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 9% -16% ABV
• Mowa wambiri uli ndi 3% -9%
• Undiluted sake imakhala ndi 18% -20% (ngakhale izi nthawi zambiri zimatsitsidwa kufika pafupifupi 15% pothira ndi madzi musanayambe kuyika botolo).

Kodi chifukwa chimakhala ndi shuga wambiri?

Mukayerekeza sake ndi mitundu ina ya mowa, sake imakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Ndi shuga wambiri koma popeza kuti sake ilinso ndi mowa wambiri, mumamwa shuga wocheperako.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumakonda ma pints angapo a mowa, mumamwa shuga wambiri kuchokera mumowa kuposa momwe mumamwa.

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti chifukwa chake ali ndi shuga wochepa kuposa vinyo wambiri.

Kodi pali ma carbs ambiri?

Sake ali ndi chakudya. Ndipo ambiri aiwo amayerekezera ndi zakumwa zina zoledzeretsa monga vodka zomwe zilibe carb.

Sake ali ndi shuga wambiri motero amakhala ndi ma carbs ambiri. Ma ounces 6 chifukwa ali ndi pafupifupi magalamu 9 a carbs. Ngati muli pachakudya cha keto kapena pulogalamu yochepetsa thupi, siyani chifukwa!

Kodi zabwino ndizabwino kuposa mowa?

Zikafika pakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa, ma carbs, ndi mafuta, chakumwa ngati chifukwa ndi njira yabwinoko kuposa mowa.

Zoonadi, sake imakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa mowa koma mumamwa pang'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe mumamwa mowa nthawi zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, mukamamwa pang'ono, amachepetsa ma calories omwe mumadya. Sake nthawi zambiri amakhala wathanzi kuposa mowa.

Momwe mungatumikire ndikumwa chifukwa

Mu Japan, kumene kuli chakumwa chautundu, sake kaŵirikaŵiri amaperekedwa ndi mwambo wapadera—wotenthedwa mofatsa m’botolo ladothi laling’ono kapena ladothi lotchedwa tokkuri, ndi kumeza kuchokera m’kapu yadothi yaing’ono yotchedwa sakazuki.

Hot vs. ozizira chifukwa

Mwinamwake munamvapo kuti chifukwa chake chikhoza kuperekedwa kutentha kapena kuzizira.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti zakudya zina zotsika mtengo sizimakoma ngati zabwino, kotero kuti zisamve kukoma, zimaperekedwa kutentha.

Mupeza zotenthetsera (atsukan) kumalo odyera a sushi, mipiringidzo, ndi malo odyera otsika mtengo. Ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yotsika mtengo ya mowa yomwe imakonda kutentha.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti, chifukwa chake chikatenthedwa, zolembazo zimakhala zovuta kulawa kotero mumaganiza kuti zakumwa zimakoma bwino kuposa momwe zimachitira. Ndi chinyengo mwaukhondo, chabwino?

Koma, musalakwitse zotsika mtengo pazinthu zoyambira. Chifukwa chazabwino kwambiri chimatumikiridwa chozizira / chozizira kuti mutha kulawa zinsinsi ndi zokometsera.

Kutentha kozizira kwa madigiri 45 F kapena pansipa kumapangitsa mbiri yakukondweretsayo kudutsamo kuti mutha kulawa pang'ono pang'ono.

Kumapeto kwa tsikuli, ndi nkhani yakukonda kwanu, koma sungani kutentha pakati pa 40 mpaka 105 degrees F.

Chifukwa chomwe anthu aku Japan amakonda kwambiri chifukwa chakumwachi chimakwaniritsa zokometsera zamitundu yambiri.

Ndiko kuphatikizika kwabwino kwa mbale ya umami chifukwa imatulutsa zokometsera zachakudyacho, ndipo chakumwacho chimakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono komanso mowa wochepa kotero ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri.

Ngati muli pamalo odyera kapena chifukwa cha bar, izi ndi zomwe mungazindikire pazokhudza ntchito:

• Chifukwa chachipatso nthawi zambiri chimatumizidwa kuzizira pafupifupi 50 F
• Okalamba komanso achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala otentha pakati pa 107-115 F
• Chifukwa chofatsa komanso chosakhwima chimatumikiridwa kutentha pakati pa 95 mpaka 105 F.

Pezani zabwino kwambiri zotenthetsera zomwe zafotokozedwa apa kuti mukhale ndikumwa koyenera

Momwe mungasangalalire chifukwa

Monga ndanena kale, sake nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ku malo odyera ndi zakumwa monga izakaya (mabala).

Palinso mipiringidzo ina yapadera koma ndiyocheperako masiku ano.

Monga vinyo, chifukwa chimakhala ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana ndipo zonsezi ndizosiyana malinga ndi kukoma ndi kununkhira kovuta.

Sake itha kukhala yotsekemera (amakuchi), youma (karakuchi), kapena superdry (ch0-karakuchi).

Mukakhala pa bar kapena malo odyera mudzawona nambala yomwe ili pafupi ndi dzinalo. Chiwerengerochi chikutanthauza Phindu la Meter (nihonshudo). 

Mlingowo umachokera ku -15 (wokoma kwambiri) kupita ku 0 (wabwinobwino) ndikupita ku + 15 komwe ndi kouma kwambiri.

Mupeza chifukwa chatsopano komanso okhwima (koshu). Koshu ili ndi kukoma kwamphamvu komanso kowawa komwe sikukonda aliyense.

Zofewa komanso zotsekemera ndizodziwika kwambiri pakumwa kwatsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi ndingamamwe mowa tsiku lililonse? Kodi ndi wathanzi?

Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya mowa, si bwino kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.

Mwina kukhala ndi chifukwa tsiku lililonse kumakhala kochulukira. Komabe, sake ndi chimodzi mwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zopatsa thanzi.

Sake ili ndi ma amino acid ambiri omwe amathandiza thupi kupanga mapuloteni ndi kupanga mahomoni. Kuphatikiza apo, sake ndi wopanda gluteni kotero kuti anthu ambiri amatha kumwa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, sake imathandizanso kuyeretsa khungu chifukwa imalepheretsa kupanga melanin wambiri, chifukwa chake anthu amakhala ndi mawanga akuda.

Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kumwa pang'onopang'ono kumathandiza kupewa khansa, osteoporosis, ndi shuga. 

Koma, mawu ofunikira ndiwofatsa. 

Momwe mungatumikire chifukwa

Chifukwa chimaperekedwa kuchokera mu botolo lalikulu kapena botolo lotchedwa a tokuri. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi dothi koma masiku ano tokkuri yamagalasi ndiyotchuka.

Kenako, chifukwa chake chimatsanulidwira m'makapu ang'onoang'ono omwe amatchedwa sakazuki or o-choko. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yokonda kutengera yotchedwa ngalawa. 

Masu amenewa ndi bokosi limene amadyeramo mpunga. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mumtsuko ndi mkati mwa bokosi.

Umenewu nthawi zambiri umakhala wamwambo, choncho ngati mupita ku bar, mumangomwa makapu ang'onoang'ono a sakazuki.

Mupeza kuti chifukwa chake amagulitsidwa muchikhalidwe chotchedwa "go" chomwe chili pafupifupi 180ml pa gawo.

Ngati mumamwa nokha, mutha kungothira madziwo m'chikho ndikumwa.

Koma, ngati muli ndi kampani, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri mumatumikira ena kaye ndikudikirira kuti ena atumizidwe. Gwirani kapu ndikulola mnzanu kapena seva ikutsanulireni chifukwa.

Tsopano, ndi nthawi yobwezera chisomo ndi kutumikira ena.

Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakumwa kumatsagana ndi toast wamba yotchedwa Kampai.

Ingobweretsani kapu pafupi ndi pakamwa panu ndikununkhiza kusonyeza kuti mukutenga fungo lake. Ndi mtundu wa ulemu kwa chakumwa ndi alendo ena.

Kenako, imwani pang'ono ndikumamva mkamwa mwako kwa masekondi angapo musanameze.

Simumamwa chifukwa chomwa mowa chifukwa mumamwa pang'ono, choncho yesetsani kusangalala nawo.

Nchifukwa chiyani achi Japan amatsanulira?

Ngati mwawona maseva kapena anthu aku Japan chifukwa chotsanulira, musadandaule, si ngozi.

Kutaya chifukwa ndi ntchito komanso gawo lakumwa mowa.

Ntchito yothira mochulukira ndikuwonetsa kuwolowa manja kwa alendo komanso kupereka zosangalatsa pang'ono.

Chifukwa chimatumikiridwa motero, amatchedwa Mokkiri Zake (も っ き り 酒).

Kodi amafunika kupuma?

Monga lingaliro wamba, chifukwa sichiyenera kupuma.

Koma, pali mitundu iwiri ya zifukwa zomwe zimapindula ndi "kupuma".

Chifukwa chopukutidwa kwambiri chimapindula ndi mpweya pang'ono womwe umathandizira kutulutsa fungo ndi zokometsera.

Komanso, zokometserazo zimakomanso bwino pambuyo pa mpweya pang'ono chifukwa ma volatile amasanduka nthunzi ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala koyera.

Momwe mungamwe mowa

Choyamba (Ginjo grade kapena kupitilira apo) ndibwino kwambiri ngati mutamwa pakati pa kuzizira komanso kutentha.

Makhalidwe abwino amatenthedwa kuzizira nthawi zambiri, pomwe nthawi zambiri amatenthedwa kutentha kuti asaphimbe zonunkhira zake zopanda ungwiro.

Ganizirani chifukwa chake ndi vinyo wabwino wa chardonnay yemwe ndi:

• zabwino kwambiri ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha,
• akadali wokongola, ndipo mwina otsitsimula pang'ono ngati atatumizidwa atazizira,
• koma kenako amataya kununkhira kwake konse ngati atatumizidwa ozizira ngati ayezi.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu ambiri aku America amadziwika ndi ma teapot omwe amawotcha komanso magalasi ang'onoang'ono a ceramic omwe amathiramo madzi otentha.

Koma izi sizinali zokongoletsa chabe, zinali zophimba mkhalidwe woyipa womwe unkaperekedwa.

Chifukwa chake chotsani kutentha, ndikutumikirani magalasi anu abwino kwambiri a vinyo, (monga malo odyera omaliza ku Japan masiku ano), ndikukumana ndi miyambo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito degustation ndiyofanana ndendende ndi vinyo, ndikuponyera pakamwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti imakhudzanso masamba omvera pansi pa lilime.

Swirani chifukwa chagalasi. Chifukwa chake chimayenera kukhala ndi thupi lochulukirapo (kutengera zambiri), nthawi zambiri kumakhala kununkhira, ndikumverera kokwanira kapena kuzungulira pakamwa ngati miyendo yolemera imawonekera pagalasi.

Ziyenera kukhala zomveka, koma nthawi zina zimawoneka zachikasu.

Kuzungulirazungulira kumatulutsa timadontho tating'onoting'ono tomwe mugalasi zomwe zimatipangitsa kununkhira chifukwa chake mosavuta. Yesani mwa kununkhiza chifukwa musanazungulirane, kenako ndikuzunguliranso ndi kununkhiza.

Kusiyana kwamphamvu kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.

Kodi mumamwa chiyani chifukwa?

Ngati simukufuna kumwa ndekha, musadandaule, mutha kumwa zakumwa.

Chodziwika bwino chodyera ndi Coca-Cola ndi chifukwa, kapena yogurt ndi chifukwa.

Kapenanso, mutha kuphatikiza chifukwa ndi gin kapena vodka (zakumwa zoledzeretsa) ndikuwonjezera madzi a mandimu ndi madzi osavuta.

Izi zimapanga malo odyera okoma omwe angasokoneze kukoma kwake ndikulola kukoma kwa gin kapena vodka kubwera.

Kuphika vs chifukwa chakumwa

Sake ndi chakumwa chosankha kwa omwe amamwa mosangalala komanso chophikira kukhitchini pophika maphikidwe ambiri aku Japan, makamaka anyama.

Sake ali ndi mowa wapakatikati wa 15-20% ABV (mowa ndi voliyumu).

Chakumwachi chikhoza kuperekedwa kutentha kapena kuzizira ndipo amaperekedwa kuchokera mu botolo lotchedwa tokkuri (徳利) ndi kumwera makapu ang'onoang'ono.

Kuphika, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti Ryorishi, sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kumwa pafupipafupi. Ngakhale zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndizofanana. Chosiyana ndi chakuti chophika chimakhala ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsekemera kwambiri.

Kupanga kwa Ryorishi kudayamba pomwe boma lidalamula kuti masitolo akhale ndi zilolezo zapadera kuti azitha kugulitsa mowa.

Powonjezera mchere kumadzi, chifukwa chake sichikhala choyenera kumwa.

Masitolo opanda chilolezo chakumwa akhoza kugulitsabe kuphika pansi pa gawo la zophikira, pambali pa msuzi wa soya ndi mayonesi.

Kuphatikiza apo, msonkho wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndiwokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo akhale okwera mtengo.

Koma popeza Ryorishi salinso m'gululi, opanga amatha kuigulitsa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Mowa wa Ryorishi ndi wocheperako pang'ono kuposa kumwa pafupipafupi. Mitundu yambiri imapereka kuphika ndi 13-14% yokha ya ABV.

Bwanji kuphika chifukwa?

Anthu aku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito kuphika, monga momwe mumaphikira ndi vinyo. Mowa umaphwera limodzi ndi kununkhira kwa nyama / nsomba.

Sake imatha kuyatsa nyama, ndikupangitsa kuti madziwo azitchuka kuti awumbe kapena kuwotcha ng'ombe kapena nsomba.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chitha kuthetsanso fungo la nsomba kuchokera m'nyanja chifukwa chakumwa mowa.

Koma chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu amakondera kuthira pakati pa kuphika ndikuti vinyo wachikhalidwe cha mpunga amalimbitsa kukoma kwa umami.

Amapereka umami ndi kununkhira kwachilengedwe (kuchokera ku mpunga - chifukwa chachikulu), chifukwa chake zakudya zaku Japan zimakonda kuwonjezera

• Msuzi wawo,
• msuzi,
• nimono (mbale zotentha ngati Nikujaga)
• ndi yakimono (mbale zophika monga Teriyaki Chicken).

Mitundu ya kuphika chifukwa

Mukuyang'ana kuyesa kuphika?

Nayi mitundu itatu yotchuka:

• Kikkoman
• nyimbo
• Yutaka

Komabe, mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito ungagwire ntchito yophika, ndipo ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chomwa chifukwa kuphika kwawonjezera mchere (makamaka pambuyo pake).

Tsopano izi zingakusiyeni mukufunsa, kodi kuphika kumasiyana bwanji ndi zakumwa? Nkhaniyi ikudziwitsani chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kudziwa pophika chifukwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri yazomwe ilipo, yofanana ndi vinyo woyera, pomwe amatha kugawidwa kuchokera kowuma mpaka kutsekemera, komanso kuchokera kosakhwima mpaka kolimba.

Mutha kupeza mabotolo otchipa, monga Gekkeikan, Sho Chiku Bai, kapena Ozeki, m'mashopu aku Japan kapena aku Asia.

Ndawonanso chifukwa chabwino chakumwa komanso kuphika pano mozama

Sake imabwera mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso zosakaniza. Izi ndizosiyana chifukwa, kuyambira apamwamba kwambiri:

Daiginjo

Mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndi Daiginjo wokhala ndi mpunga wa 50% kapena wocheperako.

Njira yopangira njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zakumwa zolemera kwambiri za zakumwa.

Popanda kumwa mowa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa Junmai Daiginjo.

Ginjo

Ginjo chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito mpunga wosasungunuka 60% kapena kupatula pakupanga. Njira yothira imatha kutentha pang'ono komanso kwanthawi yayitali.

Mtundu uwu umakoma kuwala ndi zipatso. Ginjo chifukwa chosakhala ndi mowa wochuluka amatchedwa Junmai Ginjo.

Honjozo

Atawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo lolowera, Honjozo amagwiritsa ntchito 70% kapena mpunga wosasungunuka pang'ono. Ndi kukoma kwamphamvu kwa mpunga, mtundu uwu chifukwa umatsitsimula komanso ndi wosavuta kumwa.

Junmai amatanthauzanso chifukwa choyera, popeza ilibe wowonjezera wowonjezera kapena shuga wothira.

Futsushu

Futsushu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri, pomwe anthu amagula ndikumwa mosasamala. Pafupifupi 80% yamsika ndi Futsushu.

Zotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi shuga wowonjezera komanso ma organic acid kuti apange chisangalalo chokoma. Mtundu woterewu ndi wofanana ndi womwe azungu nthawi zambiri amawatcha "vinyo wapatebulo".

Ryorishu

Kuphika (Ryorishu) itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuphika ndi mtundu wa zopangidwira makamaka kuphika.

Opanga lamulo amafunika kuwonjezera mchere (2-3%) kuphika vinyo kotero siyabwino kumwa, mwakutero zinthuzo zitha kunyamulidwa ndi masitolo opanda chilolezo chakumwa mowa.

Ndimakonda kumwa pafupipafupi chifukwa kuphika kumaphatikizapo mchere ndi zinthu zina (monga mitundu itatu yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa), koma ndikuganiza kuti kuphika pang'ono kuyenera kukhala koyenera.

Kodi ndingagule kuti?

Ndikukhulupirira kuti mupeza zabwino pafupi ndi inu, momwe zilili chimodzi mwazosakaniza zofunika kwambiri za kuphika ku Japan.

Ngati muli ku US, mutha kupeza malo ogulitsira mowa aliwonse okhala ndi zakumwa.

Izi zitha kupezekanso m'sitolo iliyonse yaku Japan kapena malo ogulitsira aku Asia omwe ali ndi chilolezo chomwa mowa.

Mutha kupeza chophikira m'malo ogulitsira anu ku Asia kapena pa intaneti ku Amazon.

Ngati pazifukwa zilizonse simungapeze chifukwa kapena kuphika, komabe, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasinthire nazo.

Kodi muyenera kusunga bwanji?

Tsopano popeza muli ndi chifukwa, mwina mukudabwa kuti mungayesetse mutatsegula?

Inde, kuphika kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali pomwe mukumwa mowa mutha kumwa kwa milungu iwiri mutatsegula.

Pazophika, chifukwa zimatha kusungidwa m'malo ozizira, amdima kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kapena theka la chaka.

Kumwa mowa pafupipafupi kumakhala ndi alumali, choncho yesetsani kumaliza botolo lotseguka pasanathe sabata limodzi kapena awiri.

Zambiri sizikhala ndi zotetezera, zomwe zimawopseza kusintha ndi kuwonongeka.

Sake imazindikira kuwala, kutentha, komanso chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuzisunga m'malo momwe matendawo amasinthasintha.

Zonse zakumwa ndi kuphika zimafunanso chithandizo chofananira posungira.

Sungani botolo pamalo ozizira komanso amdima. Kutentha kwa 41 ° F ndikwabwino kuti musungire zosungira, koma sikuyenera kupitirira 59 ° F. Firiji ikhoza kukhala kubetcha kwanu kopambana.

Alumali moyo wosatsegulidwa, makamaka, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa ntchito yofululira moŵa. Koma ngati mungasunge bwino, chifukwa chabwino mungakhale mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Mukatsegula, mosiyana ndi vinyo, simuyenera kumaliza botolo lonse chifukwa chimodzi. Mutha kutseka mwamphamvu ndikusunganso mufiriji.

Malingana ngati mumasindikiza botolo moyenera, Ryorishi imatha kutha, mpaka miyezi 2-3 kapena theka la chaka.

Popanda firiji ndi chisindikizo choyenera, chifukwa chimatha kukhala masiku osaposa atatu musanataye kukoma kwake.

Pambuyo pake, chifukwa chake chitha kugulabe. Sizingamve kukoma monga kale.

Mirin vs sake: kodi mirin ndi chifukwa?

Anthu ambiri nthawi zina amasokoneza mirin ndi kuphika chifukwa onsewa ndi vinyo wa mpunga waku Japan wopangidwa kuti azikometsera chakudya.

Ngakhale ali ofanana kwambiri, mirin ndi sake zimasiyana m'njira zambiri.

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti mirin ndi yokoma komanso imakhala ndi mowa wocheperako kuposa chifukwa, pafupifupi 1-14% ya ABV, yomwe imakhala yotetezeka kumwa komanso imapezeka m'masitolo akuluakulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mirin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati msuzi wothira kapena zokometsera, pomwe kuphika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika.

Pazakudya zonse zaku Japan, chifukwa cha & mirin amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyandikira pachakudya.

Mirin ali ndi shuga wambiri komanso mowa wocheperako, pomwe sake, kumbali ina, ali ndi mowa wambiri komanso shuga wochepa.

Pamwamba pa izo, mirin ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mbale yopanda chithandizo, mosavuta.

Mosiyana ndi zomwe zimawonjezedwa kumayambiriro kwa kuphika nthawi zambiri kulola kuti ena mwa mowa amuke.

Mirin ndi sake onse ndi mavinyo ophika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri muzakudya zaku Japan.

Ngakhale kuti amaloŵa m’malo mwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo onse amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga wothira, ndi zosakaniza zosiyana.

Kusiyana pakati pa mirin ndi chifukwa

Mirin amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chophatikizira mu chakudya. Sake itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pophatikizira chakudya, komanso ndiyabwino kumwa.

Sake imakhala ndi mowa wambiri kuposa mirin, ndipo mirin imakhala ndi shuga kuposa chifukwa. Mirin ndi wokoma kwambiri kuposa zotsatira zake.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito sake ngati chophatikizira mu mbale, mudzafuna kuwonjezera kale pophika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mowawo usungunuke.

Popeza mirin imakhala ndi mowa wocheperako, mutha kuwonjezera pa mbaleyo pambuyo pake kapena ngakhale itaphikidwa.

Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito sake ndikusiya kuti iwunike pamodzi ndi chakudya kuti itenge zokometsera zosiyanasiyana. Ngati muwonjezera sake mochedwa, zimabweretsa kukoma kowawa.

Mirin ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa mbale ndipo sizidzabweretsa kununkhira koopsa.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mirin

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mirin pafupifupi mbale iliyonse kuti muwonjezere kununkhira, kotsekemera. Monga chifukwa, mirin imathandizanso nyama ndikuchepetsa nsomba kapena zonunkhira zina.

Mirin amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati glaze kamodzi kuphika.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chifukwa ndi mirin limodzi?

Inde, chifukwa ndi mirin nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi mu mbale zaku Japan. Mutha kupeza zosakaniza zonse mu mbale monga nkhuku teriyaki, Sukiyaki, ndi chawanmushi.

Mupezanso kalilore komanso chifukwa chokhala limodzi Msuzi wa Nikiri: Chinsinsi chachikulu & njira yakusamba kwachikhalidwe

Kodi cholowa m'malo mwa mirin ndi chifukwa chani?

Zoloweza mmalo phatikizani sherry youma, vinyo wa mpunga waku China, kapena mirin.

Cholowa m'malo mwa mirin ndi kusakaniza kwa sake ndi shuga. Njira ina kwa omwe sangathe kumwa mowa ndi Honteri.

Ndalemba za Zosankha zina pagalasi wopanda mowa pano.

Viniga wosunga mpunga si wabwino m'malo mwa chifukwa kapena galasi.

Kodi ndingatuluke kunja kapena kalilore mu recipe?

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchoke chifukwa chakuwonekera kapena mirin pomwe chinsinsi chimafuna. Zonsezi ndi magalasi samangokhudza kukoma kokha, komanso kusasinthasintha ndi kapangidwe ka mbale.

Kuphika vinyo monga chifukwa ndi mirin kumawonjezera kukoma m'mbale. Kuwadumpha kumatha kusintha kukoma kwa mbale yanu kwambiri.

Ngati mulibe chifukwa kapena kalilore ndipo simukupeza zina, yesani zolowa m'malo monga sherry youma kapena vinyo wina wophika wothira shuga.

Kodi ndibwino kumwa?

Sake ndibwino kumwa. Ndi vinyo wophika yemwe mumakhala mowa wambiri.

Malo ena ogulitsa zakumwa zoledzeretsa amatha kumwa.

Sake ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino akufuna chakumwa choledzeretsa chomwe chili ndi ma amino acid ambiri opangidwa ndi zinthu zosavuta.

Sake ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kuposa zakumwa zina zoledzeretsa chifukwa zapezeka kuti zili ndi zabwino zambiri monga kutsitsa cholesterol komanso kukonza thanzi la mtima.

Kodi mirin ndi bwino kumwa?

Galasi loyera, kapena Hon mirin, ndibwino kumwa.

Onetsetsani zosakaniza kuti muwone ngati pali zowonjezera kapena zotetezera. Ngati alipo, musamwe.

Zogulitsa nthawi zambiri zimagulitsa zonunkhira ngati zonunkhira zomwe sizabwino kumwa.

Kodi ma brand abwino chifukwa cha mirin ndi chiyani?

Mitundu ina ya sake ndi mirin ndiyabwino kuposa ena.

Ngati mukupezeka kumalo ophikirako zakudya zaku Asia mukuyang'ana zophikira kapena mirin yophikira, yang'anani mitundu monga Takara Sake, Gekkeikan Sake, Edin Foods Mirin, ndi Mitoku Mikawa Mirin.

Ngati simukuwona izi, mitundu ina idzagwira ntchito bwino. Ngati mukuvutika kupeza ndi mirin kusitolo, mutha kugula zina pa intaneti.

Amazon ili ndi njira zambiri zomwe mungasankhe.

Kutsiliza

Kumwa mowa, komanso kuphika ndi chifukwa, kungakhale chochitika chapadera.

Ndipo simusowa kuti muwononge ndalama zambiri kuti mupeze zophikira zabwino kwambiri monga momwe mtundu uliwonse uchitira.

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.