Kushiyaki ndi chiyani? Kodi ma skewer achijapani otchedwa yakitori?

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 1, 2021

Ngati mumakonda zakudya zaku Japan, ndiye kuti mwawonapo "kushiyaki" pazakudya mukapita kokadya. Munaitanitsa, ndipo itafika, inkawoneka mokayikira ngati yakitori.

Ndiye zatani? Kodi kushiyaki ndi chiyani ndipo ndizofanana ndi yakitori?

Eya, “kushiyaki” ndi liwu la Chijapani limene limafotokoza zakudya zowotcha kapena zowotcha.

Kushiyaki amamasulira kuti "chilichonse chomwe chingasokonezedwe" m'chinenero cha Chijapani. Zimapangidwa ndi kukula kokoma kwa nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba pamtengo kapena zitsulo skewer zomwe zimayenda bwino ndi mowa kapena chifukwa.

Mawu akuti "kushi" amatanthauza nsungwi skewers zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la 17 kupaka zinthuzo, pomwe "yaki" amatanthauza zakudya zokazinga kapena zokazinga.

Tiyeni tsopano tione kuti kushiyaki ndi chiyani kwenikweni, komanso kusiyana kwake ndi yakitori.

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

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Kodi chiyambi cha kushiyaki ndi chiyani?

Chizoloŵezi chodyera nyama yowotcha pamitengo ndi mwambo wapadera wa ku Japan umene unayamba panthaŵi ya Edo.

Zinali zomvetsa chisoni kuti panthaŵi imene kushiyaki anatulukira, kudya nyama kunali koletsedwa ku Japan chifukwa cha misonkhano yachibuda. Koma chosangalatsa n’chakuti, ndi kufika kwa nyengo ya Meiji ndi zisonkhezero zina za Kumadzulo, anthu a ku Japan anakhala omasuka kudyanso nyama.

M’nthawi ya pakati pa WWI ndi WWII, kushiage (yomwe imatchedwanso kushikatsu) inayamba kutchuka m’dzikoli. Izi ndi skewers zomenyedwa komanso zokazinga kwambiri.

Masiku ano, kushiyaki (mitundu yake yowotcha ndi yokazinga) yatchuka kwambiri ku Japan ndi kwina kulikonse.

Ndipo ophika, komanso ophika kunyumba, nthawi zonse amayesa mitundu yonse ya nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba popanga maphikidwe atsopano a kushiyaki!

Nthawi zina, malo odyera amawaika mosiyana ndi gulu limodzi la chakudya cha kushimono chowotcha ndi chowotcha, ndipo china chimakhala cha yakimono (ja) chakudya chowotcha ndi chowotcha.

Anthu a ku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "yakitori" ndi "kushiyaki" mosiyana kutanthauza nyama ya skewed pamodzi. Komabe, mawu akuti “yakitori” okha ndi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yophikidwa ndi yokazinga ndi nkhuku.

M'madera ena, monga Muroran, anthu amatchula nkhumba yowotchedwa "yakitori" chifukwa imayikidwa pa skewers za nsungwi ndikuphikidwa ndi msuzi womwewo wa yakitori.

Ngakhale mwaukadaulo, iyenera kutchedwa "yakiton" (やきとん) monga momwe imatchulidwira m'malo ena onse ku Japan (amatanthawuza makamaka nkhumba yowotcha).

Kabayaki ndi mtundu wa chakudya cha skewered / chowotcha chopangidwa ndi nsomba (nthawi zambiri eel).

Komabe, ophika samakonda kuziyika ngati kushiyaki, chifukwa ngakhale kuti akhoza kuphikidwa pamoto wa makala ndi skewers, samatumizidwa ndi skewers akaphika, monga mbale za kushiyaki.

Kusiyana kwina kwa kushiyaki ndi "shioyaki". Izi zikuphatikizapo nsomba, sea bream (tai), ndi sweet fish ayu, zomwe zimawotchedwa ndi mchere ndipo zimaperekedwa popanda skewers za nsungwi (zochotsedwa) m'malesitilanti apamwamba.

At Malo ogulitsa zakudya ku Japan kapena yatai, ayu amagulitsidwa pa skewer, koma samaganiziridwabe kushiyaki.

Zakudya zodziwika bwino za ku Japan Negi (scallion) kapena shishito (tsabola) zimaphikidwanso ndi nsungwi zingapo, koma sizimatchedwa kushiyaki.

Yang'anani positiyi ndi chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kudziwa za mbale za Negi ndi Negima.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa yakitori ndi kushiyaki?

Sizodabwitsa kuti mwafika patsamba lino.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amadziwa zakitori, nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa zakudya zina zonse zowotcha komanso zokazinga za yakitori. Koma zikuoneka kuti sizowona; ma skewers a yakitori ndi enieni!

Ziribe kanthu zomwe mumakonda, kuphunzira zambiri za kushiyaki ndi njira yabwino yophunzirira zambiri za zovuta za zakudya za ku Japan.

Koma choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze bwino mawu akuti kushiyaki ndi yakitori kuti tidziwe kusiyana kwawo.

Kodi yakitori ndi chiyani?

Yakitori ndi chakudya cha ku Japan chopangidwa ndi nkhuku yowotcha.

Nkhuku ya nkhuku imadulidwa mu cubes 1 mpaka 2-inch kenaka imayikidwa pambali pa kushi (串), yomwe imapangidwa ndi nsungwi, chitsulo, matabwa, kapena zinthu zina zofananira zomwe zimapangidwira nyama.

Pambuyo pake, skewers amawotchedwa pamoto wamakala.

Nthawi zambiri, nyama imawotchedwa msuzi wa nsomba kapena mchere pophika kapena pambuyo pake.

Kushiyaki vs yakitori

Izi ziyenera kukhala mayi wa chisokonezo chonse mu dziko la zophikira.

Pankhani ya kutchuka, ndithudi yakitori ili ndi mphamvu, chifukwa ndiyomwe imadziwika kwambiri mwa ziwirizi.

Komabe, kushiyaki ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu yonse ya zakudya za skewered, kuphatikizapo yakitori. Chifukwa chake iyenera kuganiziridwa ngati wopikisana wamkulu osati wonyozeka!

Monga mukuonera, izi siziyenera ngakhale kufananiza. Koma zikuwoneka kuti "kushiyaki" yasiyidwa m'mawu a ogulitsa odyera ndipo sakudziwikabe.

Tili ndi awa 5 abwino kwambiri a yakitori tabletop grills adawunikidwa zomwe ndi zabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kushiyaki.

Ndiye kodi mawu oti "kushiyaki" amatanthauzanji?

Kodi "kushiyaki" amatanthauza chiyani?

Mwina njira yabwino yodziwira tanthauzo la "kushiyaki" (串焼き) ndikugwiritsa ntchito Zomasulira za Google. Idzakuuzani kuti kushiyaki amatanthauza "kuwotcha pa skewer" kapena "kuwotcha".

Mukamufunsa wophika ku Japan yemwe amadziwa bwino mawuwa, adzakuuzani kuti kushiyaki ndi chirichonse chomwe mungathe skewer, grill, ndikudya.

Ndilo liwu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu yonse yazakudya za skewered ndipo, kwenikweni, yakitori ndi yakiton ndizosiyana kwenikweni za kushiyaki!

Magulu a Kushiyaki

Zosakaniza za Kushiyaki zimadulidwa muzidutswa ting'onoting'ono (wophika amazidula pafupifupi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake) kuti aziphika mofanana.

Maonekedwe ndi kutalika kwa skewers (kushi) zimasiyana kuchokera ku mbale kupita ku mbale. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wosalala wa kushi umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama ya minced.

Nyama

Zakudya zophatikizidwa m’gulu limeneli ndi nyama ya ng’ombe (gyūniku), nyama ya nkhumba (butaniku), ndi chichereŵechereŵe (nankotsu), komanso nyama ya akavalo (baniku).

Zakudya Zam'madzi

M'gulu la nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba za ku Japan (hotate), minced and seasoned horse mackerel (aji), prawn ndi shrimp (ebi), sardine (iwashi), sweet fish (ayu), squid, ndi cuttlefish (ika) zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito flat mtundu skewer.

Zamasamba

Pakadali pano, pagulu la masamba, tsabola waku Japan (shishito), adyo (ninniku), tsabola wobiriwira (piman), mtedza wa ginkgo (ginnan), scallion (Negi), dzungu (kabocha), mbatata, phwetekere yachitumbuwa, biringanya (nasu), ndi anyezi (tamanegi) amakwanira bwino ndi skewers (matabwa kapena zitsulo).

Kushiyaki zokometsera

Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zokometsera za kushiyaki:

• Mchere
• Mchere-wotsekemera

Mtundu wamcherewu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito mchere wamba ngati zokometsera zake.

Msuzi wamatope ndi amchere ndi mitundu ingapo yamchere ya kushiyaki ndipo imakhala ndi mirin, chifukwa, msuzi wa soya, ndi shuga.

Ndidalemba maphikidwe apamwamba awa kwakanthawi mmbuyo, zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa kuwerenga ngati mukuyang'ana kuti mupange izi.

Nthawi zina, zonunkhira monga wasabi, Karachi, tsabola wakuda, tsabola waku Japan, shichimi, ndi ufa. tsabola wamtali amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msuzi wa kushiyaki. Koma wogula amasankha zokometsera zomwe azigwiritsa ntchito kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe amakonda.

Mitundu ya kushiyaki

Mtundu umodzi wa kushiyaki umene amakhulupirira kuti ndiwo wakale kwambiri komanso wofala kwambiri wa mtundu wake ndi yakitori, yomwe ndi nkhuku pazitsulo za nsungwi zomwe zimawotchedwa pa makala.

Mukhoza kupeza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za nkhuku pa skewer yakitori. Izi ndizabwinobwino komanso zokoma kwambiri, ngakhale ndizosadabwitsa kudya zakudya zomwe sizimadyedwa m'maiko akumadzulo.

Yakiton ndi mtundu wina wa kushiyaki. Amagwiritsa ntchito magawo a nkhumba, omwenso amaphikidwa pamoto wamakala.

Kushiage ndi mtundu wina wa kushiyaki, koma m'malo mwa skewers wokazinga, uwu ndi wokazinga komanso wopangidwa ndi nyama, masamba, ndipo nthawi zina tchizi (zophikidwa mu breadcrumbs ndiyeno zokazinga kwambiri).

Skewer iliyonse imatumikiridwa ikadali yotentha pa grill ndikudya ndi msuzi wothira womwe ndi wandiweyani komanso wokoma pakulawa.

Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti kushiyaki idayamba koyamba kumadzulo kwa Kansai pafupifupi zaka 3 zapitazo.

Kushiage, kutanthauza kuti "skewers zokazinga," ndiye maziko barbecue chakudya m'chigawo cha Kansai.

Komabe, ku Japan konsekonse, amatchedwa kushikatsu, kutanthauza "ma cutlets okazinga kwambiri" chifukwa ma skewers ambiri sali osiyana kwambiri ndi nkhuku ndi nkhuku. tonkatsu cutlets nkhumba (monga izi).

Kushiyaki zosakaniza

Chakudya chilichonse chomwe chingayikidwe pa skewer ndikuwotcha pamoto wamakala kapena chokazinga kwambiri chingaganizidwe kuti kushiyaki.

Umu ndi momwe mungakonzekerere:

Mbali wamba za nkhuku zomwe zimakhala ndi skewered ndi izi:

• Sasami (chikopa cha nkhuku)
• Tsukune (nyama za nyama za nkhuku)

Pakadali pano, zidutswa zosazolowereka ndi monga:

• mtima
• Mchira
• Zisa za nkhuku

Kwa skewers ya nkhumba, zotsatirazi ndizofala m'malesitilanti ambiri ku Japan:

• Buta bara (mimba ya nkhumba)
• Negima (nkhumba ndi leek)

Komabe, zosankha zachilendo ndizo:

• Kashira (nkhumba jowl)
• Shiro (m'matumbo)
• Chiwindi cha nkhumba

Ng'ombe ya Kushiyaki skewers ikuphatikizapo:

• Nyama
• Seded gyutan (lilime la ng'ombe)

Kwa skewers zam'madzi, pali zopereka zambiri, kuphatikiza:

• Zovala za nsomba
• Sikwidi
• Shirimpi
• Okutapasi
• Mbalame

Kwa mitundu ya masamba a skewer, makamaka masamba aliwonse atha kuperekedwa, kuphatikiza:

• Shishito (tsabola wobiriwira waku Japan)
• Anyezi
• Bowa la Shitake
• Bacon yokutidwa tomato
• Tchizi ta Kushiyaki ndi ma avocado skewers

Komwe mungadyere kushiyaki

Kushiyaki mutha kusangalala nayo m'malo odyera osiyanasiyana.

Mukhoza kupeza yakitori ndi yakiton pafupi ndi malo odyera achi Japan omwe ali ndi grill, monga:

• Izakaya, tachinomi (ataimirira) mipiringidzo
• Mabotolo a vinyo
• Mabungwe
• Zakudya zam'nyanja
• Malo odyera apadera a Yakitori ndi yakiton

Malo ambiri odyera apadera amatha kupereka mtundu umodzi wokha wa kushiyaki m'malo awo odyera, omwe angakhale nkhuku kapena nkhumba. Komabe, malo odyera ena a kushiyaki adzakhaladi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kushiyaki pamamenyu awo.

Ngati mukuyang'ana kushiage yokazinga kwambiri, ndiye kuti simungawapeze ochuluka ngati skewers wokazinga, monga momwe zimakhalira zokazinga zozama zomwe zimafunika kuti zipangidwe ndi zida zosiyana kwambiri.

Mwamwayi, mutha kungopita kumashopu apadera a kushiage kuti mukasangalale nawo! Dera la Shin-Sekai ku Osaka lili ndi mashopu apaderawa.

Kushiyaki etiquette

Zabwino kwambiri za kushiyaki ndikuti mutha kuziyitanitsa imodzi ndi imodzi (kapena mawu okondedwa, skewer ndi skewer), kapena ngati seti.

Polozera woperekera zakudya kuti abwere patebulo lanu kuti adzatenge oda yanu, adzakufunsani msuzi womwe mungakonde: tare (soso) kapena shio (mchere).

Ngati musankha shio, ndiye kuti ophikawo aziwaza mcherewo pamwamba pa ma skewers omwe akukazinga.

Ndipo ngati mungasankhe tare, ndiye kuti wophika amakonza msuzi wamchere wokoma pa mbale yaying'ono yokometsera msuzi wanu ndikumatumikira limodzi ndi skewers.

Ngakhale kuti kusankha kuli nkhani ya zokonda za munthu, shio imayamikiridwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa momwe zosakanizazo zimakondera paokha.

Pamene msuzi wa tare, kumbali ina, umawonjezera kukoma kwa nyama yophika. Izi ndizowona makamaka kushiage yokazinga kwambiri.

Ndipo palinso chinthu china ichi: Malo odyera aku Japan ali ndi lamulo lokhwima pazakudya zawo zoviika - palibe kuviika pawiri!

Makasitomala onse omwe amadyera mu malo odyera kushiage amachenjezedwa kuti asamamwe msuzi wawo wokazinga mwatsopano mopitilira kamodzi.

Chifukwa chake chingakhale chothandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe, popeza anthu a ku Japan amayamikira ukhondo wabwino.

Popeza msuziwo amaphatikizidwa mu mbale imodzi ya anthu onse, angafunike kupewa kufalitsa matenda.

Ngati mukusowa msuzi wambiri, ingogwiritsani ntchito kabichi yaiwisi kuti mutengeko mbale ndi kuyala mosamala pa kushiage skewers kwanu.

Makhalidwe apatebulo amayamikiridwa kwambiri m'malesitilanti onse aku Japan, chifukwa chake mukatha kudya kushiyaki skewers, muwaponye mkati mwa chidebe chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi malo odyera (nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi tebulo).

Werenganinso: Makhalidwe abwino ndi machitidwe apatebulo mukamadya zakudya zaku Japan

Phindu la thanzi la kushiyaki

Ngati mwakhala mukusangalala ndi chakudya cha ku Japan kwakanthawi tsopano, ndiye kuti mungadziwe kuti zambiri, ngati si zakudya zonse zaku Japan zomwe zili zathanzi.

Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake okalamba ambiri amathabe kugwira ntchito zaulimi ndikukhala kumapiri paokha popanda thandizo lililonse kuchokera kwa osamalira kapena akatswiri azachipatala.

kuchokera dashi msuzi ku ramen yosangalatsa kwambiri, pali zakudya zambiri zathanzi zomwe mungapeze m'buku lililonse lophika la ku Japan!

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi kushiyaki, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopangira zake imapezeka mu nyama yofiira (monga ng'ombe, nkhumba, ndi ziweto zina), nkhuku (ie nkhuku, bakha, ndi zina), nsomba za m'nyanja (monga nsomba, shrimp; cuttlefish, ndi zina), ndi masamba (monga shishito, shitake bowa, anyezi, tomato, etc.).

Mtengo wathanzi kuchokera ku ng'ombe ndi nkhumba ndi:

• L-carnitine amino acid, yomwe imathandiza kuwotcha mafuta kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu komanso imakhala yabwino kwa mtima, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, ndi kuchepa thupi.
• Glutathione yomwe ili ndi anti-aging properties, imathandizira kupewa matenda, komanso imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Mapuloteni ambiri, omwe amathandiza kuti minofu ikhale yabwino.
• Muli mchere wambiri, womwe umaphatikizapo zinc, mkuwa, chitsulo, magnesium, manganese, potaziyamu, phosphorous, ndi selenium.
• Amathandizira kuteteza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
• Carnosine (beta-analyl-L-histidine), amino acid wamphamvu yemwe amathandiza kupewa glycation (kukalamba kwa maselo).
• Mavitamini a B omwe ali ndi mavitamini B2, B3, B5, B6, ndi B12.
• Linoleic acid (CLA), yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa chidwi cha insulin.
• Creatine, yomwe ndi mankhwala achilengedwe owonjezera ntchito.

Kwa nkhuku yakitori, ubwino wathanzi ndi:

• Mapuloteni ambiri.
• Olemera mu mavitamini ndi mchere, zomwe zingaphatikizepo B-vitamin complex, vitamini D, calcium, potaziyamu, ndi sodium.
• Zitha kuthandizira kuchepa thupi.
• Yesetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Katundu wa anticancer.
• Amachepetsa cholesterol choipa mthupi.
• Amathandiza kuchiza chimfine.

Ubwino wa nsomba ndi zakudya zina zam'nyanja kushiyaki ndi izi:

• Mapuloteni apamwamba, ayodini, ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana ndi mchere.
• Zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko chifukwa cha omega-3 yomwe ili mu nsomba.
• Omega-3 fatty acids nawonso ndi ofunikira pakukula ndi chitukuko.
• Zingalimbikitse thanzi laubongo.
• Zitha kukuthandizani kupewa komanso kuchiza kukhumudwa, zonse zikomo chifukwa cha omega-3 kachiwiri!
• Gwero labwino la vitamini D.
• Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha.
• Zitha kuthandizira kupewa mphumu mwa ana.
• Zimakuthandizani kuti mukhalebe maso, ngakhale muukalamba.
• Athandize kukonza kugona.

Ubwino wathanzi pakudya kushiyaki yochokera ku masamba ndi awa:

• Mwachitsanzo, anyezi ali ndi mavitamini, michere komanso michere yambiri.
• Wolemera mu vitamini C, vitamini B6 (pyridoxine), ndi vitamini B9 (folate).
• Zabwino pamtima.
• Yodzaza ndi ma antioxidants.
• Muli mankhwala olimbana ndi khansa.
• Zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi.
• Zimathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mafupa.
• Ali ndi antibacterial properties.
• Zimathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kanu kagayidwe kake.
• Amalimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri (makamaka ndi bowa wa shiitake).
• Imalimbitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi.
• Imawonjezera mphamvu ndi ubongo kugwira ntchito.
• Imalimbikitsa thanzi la khungu.

Phindu lalikulu la zakudya za kushiyaki ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungadye. Muyenera kuyesa osati kudya nyama ndi nkhuku yakitori, komanso kuyesa veggies ndi nsomba komanso.

Yesani kushiyaki

Choncho zikuoneka kuti pamene yakitori ndi mtundu wa kushiyaki, si kushiyaki onse ndi yakitori!

Choncho kulitsa m'kamwa mwako ndikuyesa mitundu ina ya kushiyaki. Simudziwa zomwe mupeza!

Onani bukhu lathu latsopano lophika

Maphikidwe apabanja a Bitemybun okhala ndi zokonzera chakudya chokwanira komanso kalozera wazophika.

Yesani kwaulere ndi Kindle Unlimited:

Werengani kwaulere

Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.