Dashi: muto uri pazasi pezvinenge zvese zvekuJapan dish

Author: Joost Nusselder, munyori weThe Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Yakagadziridzwa Gumiguru 9, 2022

dashi (だし) muto uye kubika unganidza used in Chikafu cheJapan. Ndizvo zvinopa "umami" kuravira kumidziyo yeJapan uye inoshandiswa kazhinji.

Kudoma mashoma endiro dzandinofarira, takoyaki uye okonomiyaki zvikafu zvakagochwa zvinoshandisa dashi kugadzira batter yavo inonaka, inogadzirwa nehupfu (kugadzira konamono, kana kuti "furawa zvinhu").

Tarisa bhuku redu idzva rekubika

Bitemybun's mhuri yekubika ine yakazara chikafu kuronga uye resipi gwara.

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Chii chinonzi dashi?

Dashi inogadzirwa nekumisikidza katsuobushi (yakachengetedzwa, yakaviriswa bonito tuna shavings, inozivikanwawo se. kezuribushi) uye nyanga (inodyiwa kelp) mumvura iri kufashaira kwemaminetsi matatu - mashanu. Zvadaro, inosvinwa, ichisiya chete muto, unonzi "dashi."

Dashi chigadziko chekunakirwa kwesobho, broths, uye masheya. Funga nezve dashi se bouillon cube, ichipa kunaka kune ndiro.

Dashi izita remubereki remabroths akati wandei uye rinowanzonzi dashi-jiru (出し汁), zvinoreva kuti dashi soup (jiru zvinoreva muto).

Maitiro maviri anoshandiswa kugadzirira dashi ndeaya:

1. nidashi (煮出し, zvinoreva kuburitsa essence nekubika)
2. mizu dashi (cold water extraction, mizu – 水 みず – zvinoreva mvura)

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa fomu yedashi inopisa nidashi muto wakagadzirwa nekombu uye katsuobushi. Inonzi awase dashi nekuti inosanganisa zvinhu zviviri. 

Iyo inonyanya kukosha vhezheni yedashi muto wevegan wakagadzirwa nechando-inobika kombu.

katsuobushi yakaomeswa, inoputa bonito, inova rudzi rwetuna. Katsuobushi inowanzoshandiswa semafuta akaveurwa kubva pachidimbu chehove yakaomeswa.

Iyi ikezuribushi, asi isu tichiri kuidaidza kuti katsuobushi.

Unogona kutenga zvakakosha zvinongedzo katsuobushi uye kombu, paAmazon mazuva ano:

katsuobushi	kumbu
(ona mimwe mifananidzo)	(ona mimwe mifananidzo)

Mhando dzeJapan Dashi

Kune marudzi akasiyana edashi, mamwe ari vegan uye anogadzirwa kubva kuhowa nekombu (kelp), uye mazhinji ane mabhonito flakes (hove) kana bonito poda yakaomeswa.

Kune akasiyana marudzi edashi anogona kugadzirwa ese mu nidashi kana mizu dashi mhando yekubika:

Kombu Dashi

Kombu dashi inoshandisa zvinhu zviviri chete, mvura yakachena uye kombu kelp, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakisa muto sarudzo kune vegans nevadya miriwo.

Uchishandisa iyo nidashi maitiro, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waisa kombu kelp muhari yemvura inotonhora. Wobva wabvumira kuti igare ipapo kwemaminitsi makumi matatu - maawa matatu.

Mushure mezvo, chiise pamusoro pechitofu uye wira mvura pamusoro pemhepo iri pakati. Zvichakadaro, skim pamusoro pemvura kuitira kuti ubvise chero furo uye chengetedza muto wacho pachena.

Rangarira kutora kombu kubva mupoto mvura isati yatanga kufashaira. Kana ukasadaro, dashi stock inogona kuravira kuvava uye kutsvedza.

Mushure mekubika iyo dashi, svinura muto kuburikidza neseve kubvisa chero furo kana zvidimbu. 

Kana iwe uchida kutora iyo dashi kubva kombu kuburikidza nechando chemvura inotonhorera, wobva watema chidimbu chakadzika chekombu kelp. Tevere, chiise mumudziyo mudiki wemvura, uye woisa mufiriji usiku hwese.

Kana wapedza, unogona kudurura dashi stock mumudziyo webhodhoro uye woishandisa zvine mutsindo pandiro dzakawanda.

Iwe unozoona yakajeka, isina mutsvuku muto ine yakadzika umami flavour.

Unogona zvakare gadzira dashi usina kombu, heino nzira nomwe dziri nyore dzekuzviita

Iriko / Niboshi Dashi

Iriko dashi (anonziwo niboshi dashi) ndeimwe mhando yedashi inogadzirwa nekusanganisa anchovies kana mwana akaomeswa sardini nemvura.

Iyi dashi ine yakadzika yehove kuravira kupfuura iyo uye inosarudzwa mudunhu rekumabvazuva kweKanto muJapan sezvo yakabva mutsika yehove vanhu.

Unogona kugadzira iriko dashi nokungoisa masardine akaomeswa kana kuti anchovies muhari ine makapu 2- 4 emvura imomo, woita kuti ifashaire, uye kumirira kusvikira munhuwi wehove wabuda.

Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, saka izvi zvinoreva kuti dashi rakagadzirira.

Zvinotendwa nevamwe vanhu kuti musoro uye mukati mehove dzakaomeswa zvinoita kuti dashi riite kuvava, saka vanozvibvisa. Vamwe havana basa nazvo uye vobika hove dzakaomeswa zvadzo.

Uye kana iri hove dzakaomeswa mu dashi, unogona kudzisveta kuburikidza nesefa kuti udzibvise kubva mumuto kana kuvasiya sezvazviri.

Shiitake Dashi

Shitake dashi inogadzirwa kubva kune akaomeswa shitake howa. Iyo ine mukurumbira muJapan, uye vazhinji vezvinomera kana vegans vanoifarira nekuti inowedzera munyu wakasimba kune dashi. 

Iyi dashi haidi kufashaira uye zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kunyura howa hwakaomeswa hwechi shiitake mumvura inodziya.

Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kuti iwe ushandise mvura yakadziirwa kusvika padyo kana panguva yayo yekubikira. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira iyo shitake howa kubva mukuburitsa inodikanwa-inodiwa inonaka umami kuravira.

Kusiyana nekombu dashi hazvo, iyo shitake dashi ine rakasviba brown ruvara kune muto.

Vamwe vanhu vanosanganisa shitake dashi uye kombu dashi kuti vawane akanakisa ese maviri mavhenekeri.

Uyewo verenga: mhando dzakasiyana dzemaJapanese soups aunogona kugadzira nemaresipi aya

Bonito / Katsuo (Awase Dashi)

Awase dashi izita rakajairika kune dashi mazuva ano.

Iyo inomutsa dashi ine iyo yakaoma kunzwisisa kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzedashi. Inogadzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwekatsuobushi (bonito hove dzinofamba) uye kombu kelp.

Kutanga, iwe unobvisa kombu dashi uchishandisa nzira nidashi.

Chengetedza poto nguva dzose paunenge uchipisa kombu. Mirira kusvikira mvura yasvika pakuvira kwayo, wobvisa kombu. Mushure mezvo, wedzera bonito hove flakes kuti uwedzere kunaka.

Panongouya poto pamota, bvisa chitofu. Rega hove dzakaomeswa dzehove kuti dzimise muto kwemaminetsi mashoma.

Ita shuwa yekutarisa kana maflakes atonyura pasi pehari usati wamedza muto.

Inofanirwa kuve neyakaomarara kuravira kune iyo cadmium-yakaita yeyero tinge kwairi uye nekunatsa kunhuhwirira.

Iwe unogona kuchengeta kombu uye bonito flakes kuti uwane mamwe dashi. Iyo inoguma dashi ichave iine simba rakasimba kupfuura yekutanga.

Dashi anonaka sei?

Vanhu vazhinji vanotsanangura dashi sekusanganiswa kwemarine flavour uye glutamic acids, iyo inopa iyo umami flavour. 

Iyo inonaka inonaka uye ine akasiyana akasiyana ezvikafu zvegungwa. Iine munyu asi ine zvinwiwa zvehove dzemugungwa uye dzakaomeswa.

Izvo zvakakwirira zve sodium inosinate mu katsuobushi uye iyo glutamic acids mukombu inogadzira synergy ye. umami izvozvo zvinonakigwa nekunakirwa parurimi, ndosaka vanhu vakawanda vachichida.

Kubatanidza zvinonaka zvekatsuobushi uye kombu mumuto zvinoburitsa chinhu cheumami (chimwe chezvinhu zvishanu zvekutanga) muDashi.

Dashi rinowanzo shandiswa sehwaro hwema soups, curries, stews, uye kunyange chikamu mukudhibha sosi uye batter. 

Nekudaro, dashi yekumba haichave yakakurumbira mazuva ano.

Kunyangwe muJapan, yakatsiviwa ne granulated kana mvura yekukurumidza dashi kubva pakupera kweWWII (verenga zvese nezvenhoroondo yedashi pano). 

Iyo yakawedzerwa glutamates uye ribonucleotides (inova kemikari inonakira mudhashi yekukurumidza) inofarirwa nevabiki sezvo iine kusimba uye kushoma kunonaka kuenzaniswa nedashi rekumba.

Ini handichagadzira yangu zvekare uye ndoda kushandisa iyi Ajinomoto HonDashi nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwakapfuma:

(ona mimwe mifananidzo)

Kune zvakare mamwe masiyano edashi stock anosanganisira kunyura shiitake, niboshi, kana kelp mumvura isina mvura kwemaawa akawanda kuti abvise zvinonaka kana kuzvinyudza mumvura inopisa (70 - 80° Celsius) wobva wasefa muto waunobuda nawo. it.

Kikunae Ikeda, purofesa wekemesitiri paTokyo Imperial University, akawana kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kwakasimba kwekelp dashi muna 1908 uye akaiona se "chishanu chinonaka" cheumami.

Sekureva kwake, iyo glutamic acid inowanikwa mune kelp mudashi inokurudzira mumwe munhu kuravira receptor.

Chii chinonzi "umami" mudashi?

Umami ndechimwe chezvinhu zvishanu zvekutanga zvinoitwa nevanhu uye zvinoshandurwa se "kuravira kunonaka".

Ndiyo imwe yemhando shanu dzekuravira: 

• inotapira
• souris
• zvinorwadza
• salty
• umami

Iyo yakatsanangurwa seinonaka uye hunhu hwemabuto uye nyama yakabikwa.

Tenda kana kwete, kudzamara dashi rakagadzirwa, masayendisiti aisaziva kuti vanhu vane chaiyo yekuravira inogamuchira inopindura kune glutamate mune dashi!

Muchidimbu, Purofesa Kikunae Ikeda akawana zvose umami uye glutamic kuravira receptor mururimi. Aivewo Purofesa Ikeda akagadzira izwi iri.

Ichi chinyorwa chakaputirwa mufananidzo webasa repakutanga ChiJapanese girini yemiriwo, yakaoma bonito flakes, herring roe neGuta Foodsters paFlickr pasi pec.

Kwakatangira Dashi

Dashi ndiwo muto wekubika pamoyo weJapanese chikafu.

Kunyangwe iyo isingatarise senge yakawanda, uyu muto wakajeka wakazara nechimwe chezvinhu zvishanu zvinodiwa zvinonzi umami (savory). 

Dashi rinowedzera hupfumi nekudzika kune chero mabikirwo aunobika, ndosaka vafudzi vechiJapan vanogara vachichengeta stock iyi mukicheni yavo.

Anenge makore mazana 800 apfuura muJapan, vabiki vakatanga kuyedza kombu (mhando yekelp) uye kuisanganisa nemvura yakachena yematsime. Iyo kombu ine glutamate kunobva iko kunhuvira kwedami umami.

Zvinoshamisa kuziva kuti kugadzira dashi kuri nyore kwazvo, asi rinoshandiswa muhafu yezvese zveJapan cuisine!

Kelp uye bonito zvakasanganiswa munguva yepakati peEdo kugadzira dashi yemazuva ano. Chikafu ichi chaive inonyanya kushandiswa munharaunda yeKansai yakapoteredza Osaka. 

MaJapan anoshandisa dashi nekuti iri nyore kugadzira nekubika nayo! Ingofashaidza mvura wowedzera kombu pamwe nemamwe akaomeswa bonito flakes, uye muto unobva mumubatanidzwa iwoyo ndiwo dashi stock yako (bonito ihove yakabva muhove yetuna).

Iyo dashi stock inogona kugadzirirwa mukati maminetsi makumi matatu kana zvakadaro, iyo inokurumidza kupfuura masheya eWestern ayo anowanzo kutora maawa mashoma kuti abike.

Izvo hazvigoneke kunyatso kukoshesa Zvikafu zveJapan Pasina dhashi seimwewo chinotsiva dashi hariuye padhuze nekuburitsa hwema hwechokwadi hwedhishi kana dashi riripo mune zvigadzirwa.

Tsika yega yega ine imwe mhando yechinhu chinova chikamu chakakosha chekudya kwayo.

Japan haina musiyano neichi chokwadi chiri nyore, uye chimwe chinongedzo chiri mune zvakawanda zvekudya kwavo isobho yemuto inozivikanwa se dashi.

Asi ndeipi mabviro chaiwo edashi? Pane mumwe munhu akazvigadzira zuva rimwe chete rinotyisa? Kana kuti chaive chinhu chakango kukura nekufamba kwenguva?

Dashi muJapan Yakare

Nepo paive nekutanga kutaurwa nezvezvinongedzo zvedashi kumashure muna 700 AD, dashi harina kuoneka mubhuku rekubika renyama kusvika imwe nguva munguva yeEdo yekuJapan (1603 AD - 1868 AD).

Pakanga pari muma1800, pedyo nekupera kwenguva yeEdo, kuti dashi zvishoma nezvishoma yakava nzvimbo yakajairika uye yakashandiswa sechitoro mumhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzesobho.

Hapana chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti chero munhu akagadzira dashi sechinhu chinogadzirwa.

Asi, zvinoita sekunge dashi rakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo vanhu vaiedza nemishonga pavanenge vachigadzira kudya.

Mazhinji masobho, kunyanya miso soup, yaivimbwa nedashi sechinhu chekutanga. Inoshandiswawo mu ramen uye udon noodle soups zvakare uye mumasosi senge mentsuyu.

Kufambira mberi nedashi kwakanyanya kuitika mudunhu reKansai kuJapan.

Zvose zvinoumba dashi, kelp, uye hove flakes (kazhinji tuna kana kuti sardines) zvakapfuura nenharaunda iyi yeJapan kubva kune mamwe matunhu.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, nezvese izvi zvinongedzo munzvimbo imwechete, dashi yakatanga kukura zvakanyanya.

Uyewo verenga: ramen noodles Chinese kana chiJapanese?

Dashi rakachinja pamusoro pemakore here?

Dashi se soup stock haina kuchinja zvakanyanya mumakore.

Izvo zvinosanganiswa zvinoshandiswa, asi nzira uye matekiniki ekuzviita zvakashanduka chaizvo sezvo tekinoroji inotenderwa kune marudzi ese ehunyanzvi.

Kugadzira dashi kunotora nguva, asi mazuvano, zvinokwanisika kutenga ipapo dashi stock muchitoro chegirosari.

Iyi dashi yekukurumidza inofananidzwa ne bouillon cubes iyo inowanzoshandiswa kuchengetedza nguva pakugadzira chero chinhu chinoda stock. Asi zvinouya nezvipingamupinyi zvayo, izvo zvandichakurukura gare gare.

Heano maitiro ekuudza dashi kunze kweimwe hove-yakavakirwa anchovy muto, iyo inonyanya kupinza mukuravira.

Dashi, iro renhoroondo uye rakasiyana-siyana musana weJapan cuisine

Kunyangwe pasina imwe pfungwa munhoroondo iyo dashi yakagadzirwa muJapan, iri pakati pemabikirwo mazhinji echiJapan netsika.

Apo dashi yakava yakajairika, yakabvumira iyo yekuJapan cuisine tsika kukura uye kukura kuva zvazviri nhasi.

Uyewo verenga: mashandisiro aungaita imwe yeaya madashi poda anotsiva mumadhishi ako

Yakakurumbira kubatanidza nedashi

Sezvinoita mabroths mazhinji echiJapan uye soups, dashi muto unobatana zvakanaka nezvinonaka, zvinwiwa zvakasimbiswa sewaini.

Ivo havangoshanda sechikamu chikuru ivo pachavo asi vanounza iyo yakachena umami ness kunze kwedashi mukusimba kwayo.

Waini inonyanya kupetwa nedashi ndeye Fino, yakagadzirwa kubva kuPalamino mazambiringa uye ine ruvara rwakajeka, ruchena.

Nekudaro, chero waini ine munyu uye inonaka kubata kwairi ichashanda kana iwe usingaite kunge wawana Fino.

Yangu yakanakisa sarudzo mushure meFino ingave manzanilla, zvakadaro.

Zvisinei neizvozvo, ine kutsva uye kupenya kwekubata pakuravira kwayo, ine munyu chaiwo wemunyu kuti uwedzere kunaka kwagara kunonaka kwedashi.

Kutsvaga kurudziro yekubika? Heano 8 akareruka uye ane mukurumbira mabikirwo ekugadzira nedashi stock

Dashi rine utano here?

Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti uri kugadzira dashi rechokwadi nemidziyo yekutanga kana paki yeimwe yeaya mastock poda anowanikwa zviri nyore mumisika yekumadokero.

Kuti pfungwa yangu iwedzere kujeka, ngatitarisei ese ari maviri:

Chokwadi dashi

Kunyangwe iyo kombu inoshandiswa mukubika kwechokwadi ichine MSG mairi, iri muhuwandu hwakakwana uye haizokuvadza hutano hwako.

Nekudaro, dashi yekumba yakachengeteka kushandiswa kwemazuva ese uye ine, kutaura zvazviri, akawanda ehutano mabhenefiti ane chekuita nawo.

Semuenzaniso, bonito flakes nekombu zvakapfuma mumamino acids anobatsira kugaya.

Uyezve, iyo iodine uye ma enzymes anowanikwa mune zvinongedzo anobatsirawo mukusimudzira hutano hwethyroid uye kutonga kweropa.

Dashi inogadzirisawo kuyerera kweropa kuuropi, zvakanyanya kunatsiridza hutano hwepfungwa.

Zvisinei, nokuti yakachengeteka uye ine utano hazvirevi kuti unofanira kuidya nguva dzose. Kunyange zvinhu "zvakanaka" zvinogona kuva chepfu yakawandisa ... kana iwe uchiziva zvandiri kureva. ;)

Uyewo verenga: Teriyaki ine hutano here? Zvinoenderana nekuti unozvigadzira sei!

Dashi hupfu

Dashi hupfu chinhu chinowanikwa nyore nyore chekunavira ndiro dzeJapan dzinoda umaminess shoma. Nekudaro, kusiyana neyekutanga dashi zvinongedzo, ine gehena rakawanda reMSG,

Iye zvino chimiro cheMSG hachina kujeka pachiyero chekuchengetedza. Vamwe vaongorori vakaiwana yakabatana nekusagadzikana kwemetabolic uye insulin kuramba.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zviremera zvakaita seFDA zvinodana kuti "yakachengeteka" yekuwedzera chikafu.

Vatsigiri veMSG vakaburitsa nharo dzakawanda dzekurasa mishumo, vachidana data rekuyedza uye nzira yakashata.

Vanotizve kuyedza kwemhuka kwaingoitwa majekiseni pachinzvimbo chemumuromo, zvichiburitsa zvakananga chinhu ichi muropa, asiri mashandisirwo aanoitwa.

Zvino, aya anoita kunge mapoinzi anoshanda.

Nekudaro, sezvo chinhu ichi chichiri kutariswa, ndingave ndichinetsekana nekuchipedza nguva dzose.

Kana zviri zvekushandisa apo neapo, ndaigara ndichiichengeta mukhabhineti yangu sechisarudzo chechipiri kuitira kana ndisina rombo rakanaka rekuwana shizha rekombu.

FAQs

Dashi rakafanana nemuto wehove here?

Nepo kune hove mu dashi, hazvina kufanana nehove muto.

Muto wehove unowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune anchovies, munyu, uye mvura uye une munyu wakasimba. Dashi inogadzirwa kubva mugungwa (kombu) uye yakaviriswa, yakaoma tuna (bonito flakes).

Dashi yakafanana nebhonito flakes here?

Dashi haina kufanana nebhonito flakes. Asi, bonito flakes ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira dashi, pedyo negungwa rakaoma (kombu).

Dashi rakafanana ne miso here?

Miso haina kufanana ne dashi, kunyangwe ese ari maviri anoshandiswa kugadzira miso soup.

Dashi muto wakagadzirwa kubva ku tuna yakaomeswa yakaviriswa uye mapepa akaomeswa emasowe egungwa, uye miso muto unogadzirwa nesoya beans yakaviriswa.

Dashi rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei mufiriji?

Haufanire kushandisa dashi yako yese kamwechete, mushure mekunge waigadzira. Iwe unogona kuchengetedza dashi mumudziyo wakavharwa, asi unofanira kuisa mufiriji.

Ichagara kwemazuva manomwe, kana kuti unogona kuzvichengeta mufiriji, umo zvinogara mavhiki matatu.

Unogona kutenga dashi muchitoro chegirosari?

Nehurombo, haugone kutenga Dashi pachitoro chegirosari. Kunyange zvitoro zvakawanda zveAsia hazvizvitengesi!

Nekudaro, unogona kutenga dashi kubva kuzvitoro zvakawanda zveJapan uye zvakasiyana siyana zvezvitoro zvepamhepo zvinounza kuAmerica yose.

Unogona kutenga Hon dashi stock, chiri chikuru:

(ona mimwe mifananidzo)

Dashi akafanana nemiso here?

Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza dashi nemiso. Ose ari maviri anogona kushandiswa sevhenji yepasi yesobho nemasheya, asi izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva kwakasiyana zvigadzirwa.

Dashi rakagadzirwa negungwa rinosanganiswa nehove inoputa uye yakaomeswa, inozivikanwa se bonito. MaJapan anoita miso kubva pasoybeans yakasanganiswa nemupunga kana bhari, zvichienderana nerudzi. 

Naizvozvo, cherekedza kuti miso nedashi zvinonaka zvakasiyana. 

Ini ndinochengeta sei Dashi? Zvinoipa here?

Unogona kugadzira hari hombe ye ipapo dashi (tarisa iyo mvura kune granules chiyero pano) woichengeta mufiriji kweanenge mazuva matatu. Zvinoenda zvakashata mushure memazuva matatu, saka ita shuwa kuti uzvishandise. 

Kana ari dashi hupfu, cubes, uye sosi, unogona kuzvichengeta mupantry kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu.

Kana pakiti yakazaruka, ivhare zvakasimba uye uishandise mukati mevhiki, kuitira kuti irege kutora hunyoro hwakawanda.

mhedziso

Tichifunga nezvekunaka kwakasarudzika kwedashi uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira sechigadziko cheinodarika hafu yezvikafu zveJapan, chikafu cheJapan hachina kukwana pasina icho.

Umami flavour dashi inopa soups uye stews inenge yava yakafanana neyo chaiyo yekuJapan kuravira, uye kune madhishi mashoma muJapan asingashandisi dashi mune imwe fomu.

Inoshandawo seyakakura flavour yekuwedzera kushamwari dzedu dzinodya miriwo dzinoda kupa zvinonaka pakudya kwavo kwezuva nezuva pasina carnivore zvinongedzo. Tisingatauri nezvese zvehutano zvinobatsira izvo zvinouya nazvo.

Mune ino post, ndakaedza kuvhara zvese nezve iyi yakasarudzika stock, kubva munhoroondo yayo uye kwayakatangira kusvika kune mashandisiro ayo uye anotsiva uye chero chinhu chiri pakati. Ndinovimba kuti chikamu ichi chave chichibatsira uye neruzivo.

Wakamboedza dashi here? Kana zvisina kudaro, ndinokukurudzira kuti uite. Uchapinda murudo nazvo, trust me. ;)

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