Shungiku: Ityiwa njani upheke ngayo

umbhali: Yukino Tsuchihashi, Umbhali waseJapan kunye nomphuhlisi weresiphi wafunda kwisikolo saseAsia Culinary eSingapore U lungiswe ngu: UJoost Nusselder, umbhali we-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook cookbook Ukuhlaziywa ngoMatshi 2, 2024

Shungiku (春菊, Crown Daisy, Garland chrysanth emum) yimifuno esetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan. Ikhula iintyatyambo ngeNtwasahlobo kwaye ukumila kwegqabi kukhangeleka ngathi yichrysanthemum, kubizwa njalo Susa (intwasahlobo) giku (chrysanthemum).

Ungatya yonke inxalenye yesityalo, ngaphandle kweziqu eziqinileyo ezantsi. Ibonwa njengemifuno kunye nohlaza ngenxa yendawo enamagqabi aphezulu. Inencasa ekrakra kunye nencasa yemifuno.

Iindlela zokupheka zaseJapan ezifana ne-sukiyaki okanye i-tempura zihlala ziyisebenzisa kwaye uyayipheka, uyigxobhoze, okanye uyifake i-blanch ukuze idle.

Iyathandwa eJapan kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa.

Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

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Yeyiphi indawo yesityalo ishungiku enokutyiwa?

Yonke inxalenye iyatyiwa ngaphandle kweziqu eziqinileyo ezisezantsi. Intyatyambo nayo iyatyiwa, kodwa iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuhombisa njengoko inencasa ekrakra ngakumbi kuneziqu kunye namagqabi.

IShungiku inevumba elichubekileyo elahlukileyo, kodwa inokutyiwa ikrwada njengekoriyanda. Ubume bubukhali, kwaye bulungile kwisaladi ngokunjalo. 

Kodwa iziqu zinefiber eninzi, kwaye zinzima ukuzihlafuna zikrwada. Ngoko unokufuna ukuvuselela okanye ukubilisa iziqu. Yiyo loo nto abantu beyisebenzisa kwiimbiza ezishushu kakhulu.

Incasa nayo yodwa, ngoko ke abanye abantu abakuthandi ukuyitya. Ukuba ungumntu othanda imifuno, ngoko ke mhlawumbi iya kuba yenye yezinto ozithandayo.

IShungiku inokutyiwa njengeminye imifuno enamagqabi efana nespinatshi okanye ikomatsuna. Ikwazele izondlo, ngoko ke yongezwa kakhulu kwisidlo sakho semihla ngemihla. Ibizwa ngokuba yimifuno kunye nohlaza ngenxa yoku.

Ngaba i-shungiku yimifuno okanye eluhlaza?

Shungiku yi imifuno yaseJapan kunye a luhlaza. 

Isityalo saseJapan sisityalo esineziphumo zonyango kwaye sisetyenziswe ixesha elide eJapan. Oku kuquka amagqabi eshiso, iwasabi, kunye nejinja. Kwaye ushungiku ngomnye wabo. Ubukhulu becala ivumba elimnandi kunye nencasa azinamandla njengamayeza aseNtshona.

IShungiku yimifuno eluncedo enokutyiwa kokubini ikrwada kwaye iphekwe. Ngelo xesha, ine-α-pinene kunye ne-perillaldehyde, ngokutsho kweJucá, D., Silva et al (Planta medica, 2011) kuphucula ukukhupha isisu. Ikwanayo nentabalala yeevithamini kunye neeminerali.

Injani incasa yeshungiku?

U-Shungiku uye incasa ekrakrayo neyodwa, kodwa ethambileyo yemifuno. Ifana nemifuno enamagqabi njenge spinatshi kunye ne chard, kodwa inobukrakra kunye nencasa eyodwa efana nekale.

Amagqabi anobume oburhabaxa obufana nesaladi yerocket kunye neziqu ezifana nesipinatshi samanzi saseTshayina.

Yeyiphi enye indlela yeshungiku onokuyisebenzisa ukufumana incasa efanayo?

"Kikuna" yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ukuba ufuna ukufumana incasa efanayo. Yimifuno efanayo neshungiku, kodwa ikhuliswa ngokwahlukileyo. 

IKikuna inamagqabi angqukuva kunye nesipinatshi kunye nezikhondo ezifana nekomatsuna, kodwa incasa iyafana.

Eyona nto ilula ukufumana enye indlela ye-shungiku iya kuba ngamagqabi e-rocket. Uya kufumana ubukrakra obufanayo kunye nokuthungwa okukrunchy kwaye kuya kufaneleka kwiitya ezininzi.

I-Shungiku ineendlela ezininzi zokupheka, ngoko kulula ukuyibuyisela kwiindlela zokupheka ezidumileyo.

Ziziphi iiresiphi ezithandwayo zaseJapan ezisebenzisa i-shungiku?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupheka zaseJapan ezidumileyo kunye neshungiku.

Kukho iindlela ezingenakubalwa zokusebenzisa i-shungiku kwiiresiphi, kodwa ngezantsi uya kufumana iindlela ezi-5 ezithandwa kakhulu zokuyisebenzisa.

1. Sukiyaki Imbiza eshushu (okanye enye imbiza eshushu)
2. Itempura
3. Isitya sokuqhotsa
4. Imbewu yeSesame i-aemono (isitya esiphosiweyo)
5. I-Ohitashi (isitya esiphekiweyo) njl.

Ngezitya ezingentla, unokudibanisa ngqo kwinkcubeko yokutya yaseJapan eyaziwayo.

Akukho malungiselelo amaninzi okudlula, ngoko kulula ukongeza i-shungiku kwisitya sakho.

Uyipheka njani ishungiku?

Ukupheka i-shungiku, unokutshisa, i-deep-fry, i-blanch okanye usebenzise ezinye iindlela zokupheka ezahlukeneyo. Iindlela ezi-3 eziqhelekileyo zokupheka i-shungiku zingezantsi.

1. Yongeza kwisuphu / embizeni eshushu / isityu: Yongeza incasa kwisuphu. Iziqu ziya zithamba, ngoko ke kulula ukukutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo yongeza ukuphela kokupheka. Nciphisa iziqu kuqala, emva koko amagqabi.
2. I-Deep-fry: Ioyile inceda ukuphelisa ubukrakra. Yindlela yokonwabela ukuthungwa kwe-shungiku.
3. I-Blanch ye-aemono/ohitashi: I Shungiku nayo imnandi ukutya ebandayo nje nge spinach. Ekubeni iziqu zinzima, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube ne-blanch ukuze ujabulele ukuthungwa.

Indlela nganye kwezi zingasentla ukupheka shungiku kuzisa ukuthungwa ezahlukeneyo kunye incasa iprofayile imifuno.

Kwakhona kulula kakhulu ukugcina ekrwada ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga inqwaba kwaye uyisebenzise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo phakathi evekini. Ixabiso lezondlo ligcina kakuhle kakhulu efrijini kwaye izibonelelo zempilo zikhulu.

Uyigcina njani i-shungiku?

Ukugcina i-shungiku, kukho amanyathelo ama-3 kuphela ekufuneka uwalandele.

1. Gquba iziqu ngetawuli yephepha emanzi: Fumisa iitawuli zephepha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngokulinganayo kwaye ugqume iziqu ngokupheleleyo, ngakumbi ukuphela kwayo. Inceda ukumanzisa ishungiku. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uwagqume amagqabi njengoko anokuwonzakalisa.
2. Yifake ngaphakathi kwiplastiki yokusonga: Umoya omncinci, umonakalo omncinci! Zama ukutywina ngokufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba yonke inxalenye ye-shungiku igubungele.
3. Yimise efrijini: Inceda iziqu ekugobeni, ngoko ke ikhusela umonakalo.

La manyathelo angasentla akunceda ukuba ugcine i-shungiku yakho isentsha efrijini.

Ungaphinda uyikhenkce endaweni yokuyifaka efrijini ukuba uza kubila. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, inceda ukugcina ishelufu-ubomi obude kunye nokugcina izondlo ezininzi.

Lithini ixabiso lesondlo se-shungiku?

Ngokutsho kweSebe lezoLimo lase-US kunye neFama yaseAndra, iShungiku inexabiso elininzi lesondlo njengoko kungezantsi.

Ekubeni kukho intabalala yezondlo, ukutya i<em>shungiku kunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho usempilweni.

Ziziphi iingenelo zezempilo ze-shungiku?

I-Shungiku ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezinexabiso elininzi lesondlo. Izibonelelo zezempilo ezi-4 ezibalulekileyo zezi zilandelayo.

1. Ukuphucula indawo yamathumbu kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous: I-Shungiku ininzi Fiber oko kunceda ukufunxa amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba nentshukumo engcono yamathumbu. Kwaye njengoJucá, D., uSilva et al bafunyenwe kwisifundo sabo se-2011 kwi-Planta medica, i-α-pinene iphucula ukukhutshwa kwesisu.
2. Ithintela i-osteoporosis: Ushiroyama, T., Ikeda, A., & Ueki, M. (2002) wafumanisa ukuba I-Vitamin K kunye ne-D kwandisa ubuninzi beeminerali zamathambo, ukugcina ibhalansi kwi-fibrinolysis-coagulation system kunye nokunceda abafazi abane-osteopenia kunye ne-osteoporosis.
3. Ikhusela i-anemia: intsimbi kwaye Ifayile Zizondlo ezinkulu ze-anemia. U-Ahmed, F., Khan, M., & Jackson, A. babhala kwiphephancwadi laseMelika lesondlo seklinikhi (2001) ukuba i-Iron + folic acid + i-vitamin A iyanciphisa i-anemia nge-92%, i-iron iswele nge-90%, kunye nokungabikho kwe-vitamin A. ngama-76%. I-iron ngumthombo ofunekayo ukudala iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye i-folate ngumthombo wokuxhasa ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
4. Ikhusela ulusu lwethu kunye nenwebu: β-carotene kwi shungiku utshintsho kwi IVithamini A, kwaye ngokutsho kukaRoche, F., & Harris-Tryon, T. (2021), le Vitamin A idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuselekeni kwesikhumba kunye nokugcina i-microbiome yolusu, ukunciphisa ukuchaphazeleka kwizifo zesikhumba kunye nokuvutha.

Awona maxesha onyaka eshungiku yikwindla naseBusika, kwaye lawo avunwa kula maxesha anezondlo ezininzi kunamanye amaxesha onyaka.

Uzikhulisa njani i-shungiku microgreens ukusuka kwimbewu?

Ukukhulisa i-shungiku kwimbewu, lawula ubushushu kwindawo ejikelezileyo 15 ~ 20 ℃ (59-68 Fahrenheit) kwaye wenze umhlaba ubumuncu ukusuka iasidi ephakathi ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi. 

Kukho amanyathelo ama-6 kuphela okukhulisa ngempumelelo i-shungiku microgreens ukusuka kwimbewu njengoko kubonwe ngezantsi.

1. Lungisa umhlaba kwangaphambili ngokongeza umhlaba ochumileyo, ogcina ukufuma, njl
2. Tyala imbewu kunye namanzi malunga neentsuku ezi-5 ~ 7
3. Xa ubona i-1 okanye i-2 amaqabunga ekhula, yenza indawo ye-0.8-1.1 intshi phakathi kwamagqabi
4. Xa ubona amagqabi ama-4 okanye ama-5 ekhula, yenza indawo eyi-2-2.4 intshi phakathi kwamagqabi
5. Vuna xa kukho amagqabi asixhenxe ukuya kwasi-7 kwishungiku nganye
6. Ukuba uzakushiya amagqabi ama-3 ukuya kwa-4, nika indawo emalunga ne-6-7.9 intshi kude.

I-Shungiku isityalo esilula kwaye esilungele ukukhula. Kodwa ukuba udiniwe ukuyikhulisa, ungayithenga nanini na kwiivenkile ezinkulu zaseJapan!

Ngaba i-shungiku liyeza elidumileyo laseJapan?

Ewe, i-shungiku yenye yezinye ezininzi imifuno edumileyo eJapan, ngakumbi ngoJanuwari nangoFebruwari, lelona xesha libalaseleyo leshungiku. 

Ngokwe-e-stat.co.jp, ngo-2021, imali efunyenweyo yayiyi-27,200 t eJapan. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu omnye utya malunga ne-1 gm ngonyaka omnye.

Abantu baseJapan abayidli yonke imihla, kodwa bahlala beyongeza kwimbiza yabo eshushu okanye i-sukiyaki ukuze banandiphe ukutya kunye nosapho. Kuqhelekile ukubona kwivenkile enkulu eqhelekileyo eJapan.

Kodwa kuyinyani ukuba amanye amaJapan ayakuthanda kwaye akathandi ukuyitya ngenxa yencasa yayo eyahlukileyo.

Abanye abantu batya kuphela ngeendlela ezithile zokupheka, ezifana nokuqhotsa nzulu okanye ukubilisa. Abanye abantu baye baqala ukuyitya emva kokuba bekhulile. Yincasa engayithandiyo uninzi lwabantwana kodwa ukhula uthande.

Kwaye ayaziwa nje eJapan, ikwadume kakhulu eTshayina umzekelo, apho ibizwa ngokuba yi-tong ho.

Ngaba i-shungiku iyafana ne-tong ho?

I-Shungiku iyafana nemifuno ye-tong ho (茼蒿), ebizwa ngokuba yi-Chinese Crown daisy.

I-Shungiku idla ngokutyiwa kwamanye amazwe aseAsia, ngoko ibizwa ngokwahlukileyo ngamagama aseTshayina naseAsia. Ubukhulu becala iphinda ivuswe okanye ifakwe kwisuphu ukuze uyonwabele.

Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Iiresiphi zosapho zikaBitemybun ezinesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokutya kunye nesikhokelo seresiphi.

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UYukino Tsuchihashi ngumbhali waseJapan kunye nomphuhlisi weresiphi, othanda ukuhlola izithako ezahlukeneyo kunye nokutya okuvela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ufunde kwisikolo saseAsia Culinary eSingapore.