Yintoni i-Amylopectin? Izibonelelo, uLwakhiwo, uMsebenzi kunye nokuSetyenziswa okucacisiweyo

umbhali: Joost Nusselder, umbhali we-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook cookbook Ihlaziywe ngoNovemba 1, 2022

I-Amylopectin yipolysaccharide eyenziwe ngamatyathanga amade eemolekyuli zeglucose. Ludidi lwesitatshi olufumaneka kwizityalo. Lilungu eliphambili lesitatshi kwaye lenza malunga nesiqingatha saso.

Kwesi sikhokelo, ndiza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nale carbohydrate enzima.

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Ukuqonda i-Amylose: I-Carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi

Amyloidosis luhlobo lwepolysaccharide eyenziwe ngamatyathanga anqamlekileyo emolekyuli zeglucose. Igqalwa njengecarbohydrate entsonkothileyo kwaye yenye yeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesitatshi ezifumaneka kwizityalo, enye yiamylopectin. I-Amylose i-polymer, oku kuthetha ukuba yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi aphindaphindayo eemolekyuli ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye ngamabhondi e-glycosidic.

I-Amylose yahluke njani kwi-Amylopectin

Nangona i-amylose kunye ne-amylopectin zimbini iintlobo zesitatshi, ziyahluka ngeendlela ezimbalwa eziphambili:

• Ulwakhiwo: I-Amylose iqulunqwe ngamatyathanga amade, alungeleleneyo eamolekyuli zeglucose, ngelixa i-amylopectin iqulunqwe ngamatyathanga adibeneyo kunye namatyathanga eamolekyuli zeglucose.
• Ukunyibilika: I-Amylose inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, ngelixa i-amylopectin inganyibiliki kancinci.
• I-Digestibility: Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo somgca, i-amylose ithatha ixesha elide ukugaya kune-amylopectin, enokuthi ibe negalelo kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi azinzileyo kunye neemvakalelo zokuzala.

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-Amylopectin

Isakhiwo se-amylopectin siyinkimbinkimbi kwaye sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiipropati zayo kunye nokugaya. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili anxulumene nesakhiwo sayo:

• I-Amylopectin yenziwe ngeeyunithi ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye ne-alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, ezenza i-chain chain.
• Isebe lenzeka malunga neeyunithi ze-glucose ze-24-30, apho i-alpha-1,6 glycosidic bond idibanisa ikhonkco elifutshane kwikhonkco eliphambili.
• Ubude bamatyathanga amafutshane buhluka ngokubanzi, okwenza i-amylopectin ibe yi-amylopectin kakhulu.
• Inani lamanqaku e-branching kunye nobude beentambo ezimfutshane zinokuchaphazela kakhulu isakhiwo esipheleleyo se-amylopectin, kunye nokunyibilika kwayo, iipropati ze-crystalline, kunye nomxholo wamandla.
• Isakhiwo se-branching se-amylopectin sidala i-amylopectin ene-branched kakhulu, efana nomthi eyahluke kakhulu kwi-linear structure ye-amylose.
• Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo i-amylopectin ikwachaphazela ukugaya kwayo. Isakhiwo se-branching senza ukuba sichase ngakumbi kwi-hydrolysis nge-enzymes, oku kuthetha ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukudiliza kwii-molecule ze-glucose kune-amylose.

I-Amylopectin ithelekiswa njani ne-Amylose?

Ngelixa i-amylose kunye ne-amylopectin zombini ziyinxalenye yesitashi, ziyahluka ngokubanzi ekubunjweni kwazo kunye neepropathi. Nazi ezinye iiyantlukwano eziphambili:

• I-Amylose i-polymer ehambelanayo eyenziwe ngeeyunithi ze-glucose ezidityaniswe kunye ne-alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, ngelixa i-amylopectin i-polymer ye-branched equlethe inani elikhulu lamatyathanga amafutshane adityaniswe kwikhonkco eliphambili nge-alpha-1,6 glycosidic bond.
• I-Amylose inyibilika emanzini, ngelixa i-amylopectin ingekho.
• I-Amylose inomxholo ophezulu we-crystalline kune-amylopectin, oku kuthetha ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-hydrolysis nge-enzymes kwaye ithatha ixesha elide ukudiliza kwiimolekyuli ze-glucose.
• Umxholo wamandla we-amylose malunga ne-4 kcal / g, ngelixa i-amylopectin iqulethe malunga ne-3.8 kcal / g.

Yintoni uPhando lwangoku oluJoliswe kuko?

Uphando olunxulumene ne-amylopectin lujolise ekuqondeni impembelelo enokubakho kwisondlo kunye nempilo. Nazi ezinye izihloko zangoku zophando ezinxulumene ne-amylopectin:

• Impembelelo ye-amylopectin kumanqanaba eglucose yegazi kunye nokuphendula kwe-insulin.
• Amandla okuba i-amylopectin isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla ekusebenzeni kwezemidlalo.
• Iimpembelelo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-amylopectin kwi-digestion kunye ne-metabolism.
• Impembelelo ye-amylopectin kwi-gut microbiota kunye nempilo yonke.

Ngokubanzi, isakhiwo se-amylopectin sinzima kakhulu kwaye siyahluka ngokubanzi kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi kunye nohlobo lwesitashi. Ubume bayo be-branching budala i-molecule ene-heterogeneous ehluke kakhulu kwi-linear structure ye-amylose. Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo i-amylopectin ichaphazela iipropati zayo, ukugaya, kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwimpilo.

Umsebenzi weAmylopectin

I-Amylopectin yeyona ndlela iphambili ye-carbohydrate egcinwe emzimbeni kwaye isetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla. Xa umzimba udinga amandla, amabhondi phakathi kweemolekyuli ze-glucose aphukile, kwaye i-glucose ikhutshwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngumzimba. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba glycogenolysis.

I-Amylopectin iyiphucula njani iNtsebenzo yeembaleki?

I-Amylopectin yi-carbohydrate ephezulu ye-glycemic index, oku kuthetha ukuba ichithwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-glucose kwaye ifakwe egazini. Oku kuvumela ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi, enokuphucula ukusebenza kwezemidlalo ngokubonelela umzimba ngokukhawuleza komthombo wamandla.

Iintlobo ze-Amylopectin

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-amylopectin, kuquka:

• I-amylopectin enhle: Olu hlobo lwe-amylopectin lodwa lusebenzisa iindlela zophando oluphambili kwaye lunamasebe aphezulu.
• I-amylopectin eqhelekileyo: Olu hlobo lwe-amylopectin lukhona kuninzi lokutya okunesitatshi kwaye luncinci kune-amylopectin.

Indlela yokufaka i-Amylopectin kwisidlo sakho

• Yitya ukutya okunesitatshi okufana neitapile, irayisi, kunye nepasta
• Pheka imifuno efana nombona kunye neeertyisi
• Khangela ukutya okuqulethe i-amylopectin kwileyibhile, ezifana neziselo zezemidlalo kunye nemivalo yamandla

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ezibi zokusebenzisa i-Amylopectin?

Ukusebenzisa i-amylopectin eninzi kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba leshukela legazi, elinokuba yingozi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-amylopectin ngokumodareyitha kunye nokulinganisela kunye nezinye izondlo ezifana neprotheni kunye nefiber.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neAmylopectin

I-Amylose kunye ne-amylopectin zombini iindidi ze-athomu ze-starch eziveliswa zizityalo. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwabo sisakhiwo sabo. Ngelixa i-amylose iyipolymer ethe ngqo yekhonkco leeyunithi ze-glucose, i-amylopectin yipolymer ene-branched yeeyunithi zeglucose. I-Amylopectin iqulethe iiyunithi ezininzi ze-glucose kune-amylose, eyenza i-molecule enkulu.

Kukuphi ukutya okuqulethe i-amylopectin?

I-Amylopectin ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zokutya, kuquka:

• Imifuno enesitatshi njengeitapile, umbona, kunye neeertyisi
• Iinkozo ezifana nengqolowa, irayisi, kunye ne-oats
• Iimbotyi ezifana neembotyi kunye neelentile
• Ukutya okucutshungulweyo okufana nesonka, ipasta, kunye necereal

Ngaba i-amylopectin iyanyibilika emanzini?

Ewe, i-amylopectin iyanyibilika emanzini. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-branching structure ye-amylopectin ivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zilungele phakathi kweeyunithi ze-glucose, ziphule i-molecule kwaye zenze kube lula ukunyibilika.

Yintoni umsebenzi we-amylopectin kwizityalo?

I-Amylopectin luhlobo lwesitatshi oluveliswa zizityalo njengendlela yokugcina i-glucose yamandla. Igcinwa kwiiseli zezityalo kwaye inokuqhekeka kwaye isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla xa ifuneka.

Ngaba i-amylopectin ingcono kuwe kunezinye iintlobo zesitatshi?

Akukho mpendulo ecacileyo kulo mbuzo, njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesitashi zinokuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba i-amylopectin inokuba ngcono kuwe kunezinye iintlobo zesitatshi kuba igaywa lula kwaye ifunnwe ngumzimba.

Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ye-amylopectin ekutyeni?

Ukuba ujonge indawo yendalo ye-amylopectin ekutyeni kwakho, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokuthi uziqwalasele:

• Umgubo weArrowroot
• Isitashi seTapioca
• Isitatshi setapile
• Cornstarch

Ezi zibambela zingasetyenziswa endaweni ye-amylopectin kwiiresiphi eziyibizayo.

Ziziphi iingenelo zezempilo ze-amylopectin?

Nangona i-amylopectin ngokwayo ingenayo nayiphi na inzuzo yezempilo, luhlobo lwe-carbohydrate olunokubonelela umzimba ngamandla. Ukongezelela, uphando oluthile lucebise ukuba ukutya okuqukethe i-amylopectin kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko ezithile zempilo, ezifana nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.

Zingaphi iikhalori ezikwi-amylopectin?

I-Amylopectin luhlobo lwe-carbohydrate, kwaye njengazo zonke i-carbohydrates, iqulethe iikhalori ezi-4 ngegram. Inani leekhalori ekudleni okuqukethe i-amylopectin kuya kuxhomekeka kwisixa se-amylopectin equlethwe kuyo, kunye nezinye izondlo zokutya.

Yiyiphi eyona ndlela yokutya i-amylopectin?

Akukho ndlela "engcono" yokutya i-amylopectin, njengoko ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukutya kakhulu i-amylopectin (okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwe-carbohydrate) kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima kunye neminye imiba yezempilo. Kucetyiswa ukuba umyinge waseMelika ungadli ngaphezu kwe-6-9 yeetipuni zeswekile ezongezelelweyo ngosuku, ezibandakanya zonke iintlobo ze-carbohydrates.

Ziziphi ezinye zezizathu zokuphepha i-amylopectin?

Akukho zizathu ezithile zokuphepha i-amylopectin, njengoko iyinxalenye yendalo yeentlobo ezininzi zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokukhetha ukuphepha ukutya okuqukethe i-amylopectin (okanye ezinye iintlobo zesitashi) ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana:

• Ukulandela ukutya okune-carbohydrate ephantsi
• Ukuzama ukunciphisa umzimba
• Ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi

I-amylopectin inokukhusela njani amehlo akho kunye nolusu?

I-Amylopectin iqulethe uhlobo lwe-antioxidant ebizwa ngokuba yi-lutein, eyi-carotenoid ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yamehlo kunye nolusu. I-Lutein ibizwa ngegama elithi "ivithamin yamehlo" kuba inceda ukukhusela amehlo kumonakalo owenziwe kukukhanya okuluhlaza. Ikwabalulekile nakwimpilo yolusu, njengoko inceda ekukhuseleni ulusu kumonakalo obangelwa yimitha yeUV.

Ndingafunda njani ngakumbi nge-amylopectin?

Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-amylopectin, zininzi izixhobo ezifumanekayo kuwe. Ezinye iinketho ziquka:

• Ukutyelela iiwebhusayithi ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga nesondlo kunye nesayensi yokutya
• Ukukhuphela usetyenziso olulandelela ikhalori yakho kunye nokutya okunomsoco
• Ukulandela iingcali kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo afana ne-Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, kunye nePinterest
• Ukufunda amanqaku kunye neencwadi malunga nokutya kunye nesondlo

isiphelo

I-Amylopectin: icarbohydrate entsonkothileyo efumaneka kwizityalo, kwaye ikakhulu isetyenziswa njenge molecule yokugcina amandla. Yenziwe ngamatyathanga amade emigca yeemolekyuli zeglucose edityaniswe yi-α-1,4 bond glycosidic. Ilungelelaniswe kakhulu kwaye yenza ulwakhiwo lwamasebe. Ifumaneka kukutya okunesitatshi njengeitapile kunye nerayisi. Yindlela entle yokunceda ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ezinzile, uzive ugcwele, kwaye ulawule ubunzima bakho. Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ujonge i-carb entsonkothileyo, fikelela kwi-amylopectin!

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UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uthanda ukuzama ukutya okutsha ngokutya kwaseJapan entliziyweni yomnqweno wakhe, kwaye kunye neqela lakhe ebesenza amanqaku anzulu ebhlog ukusukela ngo2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo kunye neeresiphi kunye neengcebiso zokupheka.