Shiso Perilla: Ityiwa njani kwaye uyipheke ngayo

umbhali: UCaroline Grinsted, owayesakuba ngumpheki oyintloko weMuse Berlin owaziwa ngokutya okuthuthuzelayo kumazwe ngamazwe U lungiswe ngu: UJoost Nusselder, umbhali we-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook cookbook Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebhuwari 8, 2024

UShiso (しそ, 紫蘇) nguye eyona mifuno idumileyo yokupheka esetyenziswa kwi-cuisine yaseJapan kwaye ithathwa njengenye yencasa zayo ezisixhenxe eziphambili. EJapan, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-beefsteak plant, i-mint yaseJapan, okanye i-Ooba (大葉) kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-perilla, ukusuka kwigama lesiLatini elithi Perilla frutescens.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeshiso: ezona zityalo zimbini zikhuliswayo nezisetyenziswa eJapan yishiso eluhlaza nebomvu. I-Shiso inokuthetha nokuba kubomvu okanye uhlobo oluluhlaza; nangona kunjalo i-Ooba (大葉) ibhekiselele kuphela kumagqabi acholiweyo eshiso eluhlaza.

Zonke iindawo zesityalo seshiso zinokutyiwa, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ekuphekeni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuhombisa isushi, isuphu kunye neesaladi, ziqatywe njengegqabi eliluhlaza, okanye ukufaka imibala kunye nencasa yesyrups kwiziselo eziswiti. kunye nezimuncumuncu.

Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Iiresiphi zosapho zikaBitemybun ezinesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokutya kunye nesikhokelo seresiphi.

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Yeyiphi indawo yeshiso enokutyiwa?

Indawo nganye yeshiso iyatyiwa, ishiso eluhlaza nebomvu.

Amagqabi adla ngokutyiwa ekrwada kwiisaladi okanye asetyenziselwa ukusonga isashimi. Iziqu kunye neentyantyambo zeentyatyambo zingadliwa zintsha okanye ziphekwe.

Iintyatyambo zeentyatyambo zisoloko zisetyenziselwa isinongo kwizitya eziphekiweyo, ngelixa amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo ezivuthiweyo zinokuqhotswa nge tempura, ngokutsho kukaHe-Ci Yu, uKenichi Kosuna kunye noMegumi Haga kwincwadi yabo ye-1997 ethi Perilla.

Isiqhamo sesityalo se-shiso, i-pod encinci yembewu, igalelwe ityuwa kwaye igcinwe njenge-spice, okanye icoliwe ukuze ivelise ioli, ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-perilla seed oil. IHoriuchi Egoma ngomnye umenzi waseJapan weoli yembewu yeperila.

I-Shiso inokusetyenziswa njengemifuno yembiza, okanye eluhlaza, enencasa emnandi ethambileyo, kunye neempawu kwiiresiphi ezininzi ezidumileyo zaseJapan.

Ngaba i-shiso yimifuno okanye eluhlaza?

I-Shiso ithathwa njengemifuno, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iphinda isetyenziswe njengokungathi iluhlaza kwiinjongo zokupheka.

Ngokwemigaqo yokupheka, imifuno ichazwa njengesityalo esinamaqabunga asetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ekuphekeni ukongeza incasa; ngokuchasene nohlaza, okungamagqabi esityalo esisetyenziswa ngobuninzi njengesithako esiphambili.

Amagqabi eShiso aqheleke kakhulu kwaye asetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa ukutya kwaseJapan; kwezi meko isetyenziswa njengemifuno yokwandisa kunye nokuphakamisa isitya ekupheleni.

Nangona kunjalo, amagqabi e-shiso, amahlumela, iintyatyambo, kunye neziqu zihlala zisetyenziselwa ubushushu bokupheka, njengemifuno ihlala injalo. Zidla ngokuphekwa ngamanani amancinci njengencasa eyongezelelweyo ye-herbaceous kwezinye izithako, kodwa zinokutshizwa okanye zifakwe kwizandla ezikhulu, njengemifuno enamagqabi njengesipinatshi.

Injani incasa yeshiso?

I-Shiso inencasa entsha eqaqambileyo ekhumbuza i-lemon mint okanye i-basil. Ikwanamanqaku abukhali, anevumba elimnandi lesinamon, i-anise yenkanyezi, kunye ne-cilantro. Amagqabi esityalo ngokukodwa ngamanye amaxesha afaniswa nejinja.

Ishiso ebomvu ibukhali, yomelele kwaye inesiqholo esinenowuthi ekrakra. Idlamkile, inezityalo, kwaye inesitrasi; i-astringent kancinane. Abanye bayithelekisa ne-cloves, ikumin, fennel okanye i-liquorice; nangona kunjalo i-basil kunye ne-mint iseyeyona midlalo ikufutshane.

Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zeshiso onokuzisebenzisa ukufumana incasa efanayo?

Ezona ndlela zingcono zifumanekayo kwishiso yibasil kunye neminti, ngakumbi iThai basil kunye nelemon mint. Zisondele kwishiso xa zixutywe kunye.

Amagqabi e-Vietnamese perilla asuka kwi-genus efanayo kwaye afana kakhulu; nangona kunjalo kudla ngokuba nzima ukufumana umthombo kuneshiso ngokwayo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisitya osiphekayo, unokuthanda ukuzama ukubandakanya amanani amancinci e-cloves, i-sinamoni, i-cilantro, i-fennel okanye i-ginger. njengenye indawo yeshiso.

Zeziphi iiresiphi ezidumileyo zaseJapan ezisebenzisa ishiso?

Amagqabi amatsha eshiso asoloko esetyenziselwa ukusonga amaqhekeza esashimi, okanye afunyenwe njengento yokuhombisa kwiipleyiti zesushi. Amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo zinokuthi zifakwe kwi-tempura batter kwelinye icala kunye ne-deep-fried, idla ngokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yepleyiti ye-tempura edibeneyo.

Amagaqa eentyatyambo zeshiso, okanye amagqabi asoloko esetyenziswa njengezonongo kwiisuphu. Umpheki waseJapan osele esidla umhlala phantsi uMarc Matsumoto uzisebenzisa kwiresiphi yakhe yesuphu yemiso ebandayo.

Imbewu yeShiso (shiso no mi) igalelwa ityuwa kwaye igcinwe njengesinongo. UJoy Larkcom ucebisa ukuba bazidibanise nedaikon ukwenza isaladi elula, kwincwadi yakhe yokupheka ka-2007 ethi Oriental Vegetables.

UBruce Rutledge unika ingxelo yetarako kunye neshiso noodles kwincwadi yakhe ethi Kuhaku & Other Accounts evela eJapan.

Amagqabi eshiso abomvu asetyenziswa xa kusenziwa umeboshi (iplums ezipickled), nangona apha esetyenziselwa kuphela umbala wazo hayi incasa. Amagqabi eShiso nawo asetyenziswa kwiiresiphi ukufaka isiraphu yeswekile ngombala kunye nencasa, kwipinki ephilileyo, ilamuni, inqaku lemifuno, elinokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-gelée.

Uyipheka njani ishiso?

IShiso inokuphekwa kwenye yezi ndlela zisi-7 zokuphucula incasa yayo eyodwa.

1. Amagqabi eShiso asetyenziswa ekrwada njengento yokuhombisa okanye eyongeza ukongeza ukutsha, ivumba, umbala, kunye nomlingiswa kwi-sushi, noodle, okanye ezinye izitya.
2. IShiso isoloko isetyenziselwa ukugalela iisyrups okanye olunye ulwelo, ngakumbi ishiso ebomvu. Ulwelo ke lube zizithako kwiziselo okanye kwizimuncumuncu, njengejusi, ijeli, i-ayisikrimu, okanye i-sorbet.
3. Amagqabi eShiso kunye neentyatyambo zinokufakwa kwi-tempura batter kwaye ziqhotswe.
4. Amagqabi e-Shiso nawo anokuxutywa kwizandla ezinje ngamagqabi aluhlaza, kunye neziqu kunye namahlumela.
5. Iintyatyambo zeShiso kunye namathupha zinokuvunwa kwaye zityiwe njenge-condiment.
6. Amagqabi eshiso acoliweyo kunye namahlumelo angaxutywa abe isuphu.
7. Isityalo sonke seshiso sinokudityaniswa nezinye izithako ukwenza isosi yohlobo lwe pesto.

Xa igcinwe ngokuchanekileyo okanye ikhule ngokutsha, i-shiso ingasetyenziselwa inani elikhulu lezitya ezidumileyo ukunika incasa, isondlo kunye neenzuzo zempilo.

Uyigcina njani ishiso?

I-Shiso kwi-stem igcinwe kakuhle ngokuthe tye, kunye ne-cut cut in glass of water, mhlawumbi kumnyango wefriji okanye kwi-counter top.

Kungenjalo, bopha amagqabi eshiso ngokukhululekileyo ngelaphu elifumileyo uze uwafake efrijini.

Ukuba i-shiso ayizukusetyenziswa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, krazula amagqabi, uwabeke kwitawuli yephepha elisongiweyo kwaye umkhenkce.

Lithini ixabiso lesondlo seshiso?

I-Shiso ityebile kwi-carotene, iivithamini A, B1, B2, B6, C, E, kunye ne-K, kunye neeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanya i-calcium, isinyithi, i-potassium, i-magnesium kunye ne-zinc.

Amagqabi atyebile kwifibre kunye ne riboflavin kwaye aneekhalori eziphantsi kakhulu.

Ziziphi iingenelo zempilo zeshiso?

Isityalo seshiso sinexabiso elaziwayo lonyango kunye neenzuzo ezininzi zempilo.

Ngokwefama yaseNama Yasai, abalimi bezityalo zaseJapan ixesha elide, amagqabi eshiso athathwa njengamayeza asebenzayo esifuba, ukhohlokhohlo, umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu, kunye nokunciphisa ukungaguquki komzimba okufana ne-hay fever.

I-Shiso iye yazuzwa ngokuqinisa amajoni omzimba, kwaye iqulethe into enefuthe elinamandla lokulwa ne-bacteria enokuthintela ukutyhefa kokutya.

Ithathwa njengemifuno yonyango kwiNyanga yesiNtu yaseTshayina.

Uyikhulisa njani ishiso?

IShiso ingakhuliswa ngembewu. Hlwayela imbewu endlwini kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 phambi kweqabaka yokugqibela yasentlakohlaza. Imbewu iya kuntshula kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezingama-21 kuma-70°F (21°C). Ukuphucula ukuntshula, cwilisa imbewu emanzini iiyure ezingama-24 phambi kokuhlwayela. IShiso iqhuba kakuhle elangeni eligcweleyo ukuya kumthunzi, kumhlaba ochumileyo nongenamanzi.

Izityalo zeShiso zidinga ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, ngakumbi kwimozulu eshushu. Izityalo ezisekiweyo ziya kukhula kumhlaba owomileyo kancinci kodwa ziya kuphumelela kumhlaba ohlala ufumile.

IShiso ingakhuliswa kwizikhongozeli ubuncinci obuyi-intshi ezi-6 ubunzulu nobubanzi. Ebusika, khulisa izityalo kwiimbiza ngaphakathi. Beka izityalo kwifestile eqaqambileyo. Ukukhuliswa komgqomo lukhetho olulungileyo kwiindawo apho ukusasazwa kweshiso kufuneka kuncitshiswe.

Ngaba i-shiso iyahlasela?

Ewe, kwiindawo ezithile zase-USA, ishiso ithathwa njengeyeza elihlaselayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye izenzele imbewu ngokulula, ngokufanayo namanye amalungu osapho lweminti.

Nangona kunjalo, iyakwazi ukulawulwa lula egadini ngokususa iintyatyambo ukuthintela ukuzityala kwaye ngokuqwalasela ukukhula kwesikhongozeli njengenye indlela yokuyityala emhlabeni.

Ngaba ishiso liyeza elidumileyo laseJapan?

Ewe, ishiso liyeza elithandwa kakhulu laseJapan.

Kwiwebhusayithi yakhe yokupheka yaseJapan “Incwadi yokupheka enye nje”, uNamiko Hirasawa Chen uthi ishiso ayisiyiyo kuphela imifuno yokupheka ethandwayo eJapan, kodwa ikwajongwa njengenye yezinto ezisi-7 zokupheka zaseJapan.

Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kweshiso kunye namagqabi esesame?

IShiso kunye nesesame zizityalo ezahlukeneyo ezinencasa ezahlukeneyo. Amagqabi esityalo sesesame akadli ngokutyiwa.

Nangona kunjalo, amagqabi eshiso ahlala ethengiswa phantsi kwegama elithi "amagqabi esesame". Ukuba ubona amagqabi atyiwayo abhalwe “ngamagqabi esesame” ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuba ngamagqabi eshiso.

Nangona izityalo zihluke ngokwezinto eziphilayo, ngeenjongo zokupheka, amaqabunga e-shiso kunye "namaqabunga e-sesame" anokuthathwa njengokutshintshana.

Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

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UCaroline waqala wavula iingcango zendlu yakhe eBerlin kwiindwendwe, ezathi kungekudala zathengiswa. Emva koko waba ngumpheki oyintloko weMuse Berlin, uPrenzlauer Berg, iminyaka esibhozo, edume "ngokutya okuthuthuzelayo kwehlabathi."