Ukupheka Sake: Uyisebenzisa njani kwiiResiphi zakho
Utywala busetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ekuphekeni kwaseJapan, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-sake (酒, さけ) okanye i-mirin (みりん).
Sukiyaki kwaye inkukhu ye-teriyaki zimbini nje izitya eziqhele ukwenziwa ngezi zithako.
I-Sake sisiselo sesizwe sase-Japan, kodwa i-sake yokupheka yahlukile - iphantsi etywaleni kwaye ine-asidi ephezulu.
Oku kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokutshisa ipani okanye ukongeza ubunzulu bencasa kwisitya.
Iiresiphi ezininzi zifuna ukutshiza ngenxa yokupheka ukuze kuphume incasa yesitya, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njenge-marinade yenyama kunye nentlanzi.
Ukupheka i-sake sisiselo esinxilisayo esenziwe ngerayisi enegwele. Ikwaziwa njenge wayini yerayisi kwaye inotywala obumalunga ne-14%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukuphekwa. ISake isetyenziswa njengesithako kwizitya ezininzi zaseJapan ezahlukeneyo kwaye ingasetyenziswa endaweni yemirin okanye iwayini ukwenza incasa ekutyeni.
Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda malunga nokupheka, ukuba yenziwa njani, isetyenziswa njani, kwaye kutheni yahlukile ngenxa yokusela kwaye isibuko.
Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka
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Yintoni i-sake yokupheka?
Ukupheka, eyaziwa njenge ryorishu (かくし味 料理酒) ngesiJapan, luhlobo lwewayini yerayisi esetyenziselwa ukupheka kuphela, hayi ukusela ukuzonwabisa.
Iyabizwa sah-keh kwaye idumile kuwo omabini amazwe aseAsia naseNtshona.
Ukupheka ngenxa yolwelo olucacileyo kunye nencasa eswiti kancinci kwaye akukho vumba elishiyekileyo. Yenziwe ngerayisi evundisiweyo, kwaye inomxholo ophezulu wotywala (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-14%).
Isetyenziswe kwiindidi zesitya saseJapan ukongeza ubunzulu bencasa kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwizitya ezixutyiweyo (ezifana ne-stews kunye ne-braises).
Yintoni eyenza esi siselo sibe nomdla kukuba nangona sisoloko sibizwa ngokuba yiwayini yerayisi yaseJapan, iveliswa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwebhiya efana naleyo yebhiya.
Ngokungafaniyo nokwenza iwayini yediliya, i-sake iyenziwa. Ngoko ke, isitatshi esisuka kwirayisi siguqulwa sibe yiswekile, ethi igwele libe butywala.
Ke ngoko, ngenxa yokuba iyenziwa, ayisiyowayini yokwenyani yerayisi kodwa yiconi
Kuthetha ukuthini ukupheka i-sake?
Igama elithi sake lithetha iwayini yerayisi yaseJapan. I-Ryorishu ngokwenene ligama lesiJapan lokupheka ngenxa yokupheka.
Eli gama lingasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kuzo zombini isiselo esinxilisayo esiselwa ngabantu kwi-Izakayas kunye nokupheka.
Nangona kunjalo, xa isetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nokupheka, ibhekisa kuhlobo olusezantsi lokusela olune-asidi ephezulu.
Yenziwa njani i-sake yokupheka?
Ukupheka kwenziwa ngerayisi, ikoji (uhlobo lokungunda), namanzi.
Irayisi iqala ukugaywa ukuze isuse i-bran, emva koko i-steamed. Emva koko, i-koji yongezwa kwilayisi, kwaye umxube ushiywe ukuba uvuthwe.
Nje ukuba ukubiliswa kugqityiwe, umxube uyacinezelwa ukuze kutsalwe ulwelo, oluthi ke lufakwe ebhotileni luze luthengiswe njengesizathu sokupheka.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayizizo zonke izinto zokupheka ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Ezinye iibrendi zisebenzisa izithako ezinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ziveliswe ngobuninzi, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa irayisi ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nenkqubo yotywala yesintu.
Ngenxa yoko, i-flavour yokupheka inokwahluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-brand ukuya kwi-brand.
Ingaba injani incasa yesake yokupheka?
Ukupheka ngenxa yeasidi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kunencasa eyomeleleyo, ehlabayo. Incasa ichazwa ngcono njengenetyuwa kakhulu kwaye iswiti kakhulu kunye nencasa yencasa yerayisi enegwele.
Ayenzelwanga ukuba inxiliswe yodwa, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukongeza incasa kwizitya. Xa ifakwe ekutyeni, iya kuhlala ithatha i-flavour yesitya ngokwayo.
Isiqulatho sotywala esiphekiweyo siphuphuma ngokukhawuleza xa sishushubezwa, ngoko ke ayisokwenza incasa yakho yokutya ibe butywala.
Upheka njani nge sake yokupheka?
Ukupheka ngenxa yokupheka kunokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njenge-agent ye-deglazing (ukususa amasuntswana atshileyo epanini) okanye ukongeza ubunzulu bencasa kwisitya. Ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo njenge-marinade yenyama kunye nentlanzi.
Ukupheka kungongezwa koku kulandelayo:
- iimarinades zenyama, intlanzi, kunye nokutya kwaselwandle (i-yakitori grilling)
- isuphu
- isityu kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo
- izitya zerayisi
- izitya zenoodle
- i-stir-fries
- iisosi
- ukutya okuphekiweyo
- iimpahla ezibhakiweyo
- ibrine
Ukuba iresiphi ifuna i-sake okanye i-mirin, i-sake yokupheka idla ngokusetyenziswa njengebambela.
Xa upheka ukupheka ngenxa yokupheka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba incinci ihamba kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukugqithisa ngenxa, njengoko ubuninzi bunokwenza isitya sibe netyuwa okanye simuncu.
Qala ngokudibanisa inani elincinci (ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezu kwepuniponi), uze unambitha kwaye ulungelelanise njengoko kufuneka.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa upheka i-sake?
Xa upheka i-sake, utywala buyancipha. Ngoko ke, ukuba unexhala malunga nomxholo wotywala, musa.
Ubushushu obuvela ekuphekeni bukwanceda ekukhupheni incasa ezithile ekutyeni, ngakumbi ukuba upheka inyama.
Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba i-sake yokupheka iqulethe utywala obuncinci, kodwa incasa inamandla ngakumbi!
Ziziphi iingenelo zokupheka nge-sake?
Ukusebenzisa i-sake yokupheka kwiiresiphi zakho kuneengenelo ezininzi ngaphandle kokuphucula incasa.
- yongeza umami kunye nencasa eswiti kancinci kwizitya ezifana neesuphu, izitokhwe, isityu, iisosi, kunye neemarinades.
- isusa amavumba enyama nokutya kwaselwandle, ngakumbi intlanzi.
- i-tenderizes inyama kuba yongeza umswakama ngakumbi kwaye ke inyama ayimile ngexesha lokupheka.
- yongeza uhlobo olufanayo lwencasa njengewayini yediliya, isherry, okanye i-mirin (kodwa inencasa encinci).
- inokwandisa incasa yokutya.
- ukupheka ngenxa yempilo kwaye igcwele i-antioxidants.
Izibini ezithandwayo
Nazi izitya ezinencasa kakhulu kunye nokupheka okudityanisiweyo kuzo:
- Sukiyaki
- inkukhu ye-teriyaki
- amaphiko enkukhu ye-teriyaki kunye ne-marinade
- ngenxa yekeyiki yeponti
- sake noodles (udon, ramen, yakisoba)
- inyama kunye nemifuno ixovuze-qhotsa
- sake kasu marinated chicken
- intlanzi ephekwe nge-sake sauce
- ngenxa yeeclams ezine-steamed
- ilayisi
- ngenxa yenkomo yerayisi
- ngenxa yesalmon
- mapo eggplant mabo nasu
- ramen chashu yehagu
- oyakodon
fumana ezinye iiresiphi ezimangalisayo ezinesizathu njengesithako esiphambili apha
Imvelaphi yokupheka ngenxa
Sake inembali yakudala emalunga nama-2500 eminyaka kwaye yavela eTshayina.
Kodwa esi siselo sisetyenzisiwe ngabemi baseJapan ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye emva koko saqala ukusetyenziselwa ukupheka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide kwimbali yaseJapan kunokubalelwa kwinto yokuba kudala ibonwa ngeempawu zayo zokungcamla kunye neenzuzo zempilo, ukongeza ekubeni ngumthombo wokuphumla kunye nolonwabo.
Ubukho bokupheka ngenxa yezizathu ezibangela umdla.
Enyanisweni, ukuqaliswa kukarhulumente waseJapan ukuvalwa kwerhafu kwiimpahla ezinotywala kuphela kwesizathu sokupheka sisetyenziswe njengesithako kwi-cuisine yaseJapan.
Ngokubandakanya iinxalenye ezongezelelweyo ezifana netyuwa kunye neviniga ngenjongo yokuhlelwa kwemveliso, ukupheka ngenxa yokupheka kwenziwa ukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu yotywala.
Ke ngoko imbali yokupheka ayindala kangako. Ayizange yenziwe de kwangoo-1870.
Xa sake yasetyenziswa okokuqala ekuphekeni ngexesha le-Edo, izinto zazahluke kakhulu kwiminyaka yokuqala yaseJapan.
Ekubeni abapheki basekhaya kunye nabapheki babesoloko befuna iindlela ezintsha zokuthambisa inyama kunye nokongeza incasa entsha kwizitya, bekulindeleke ukuba kuqaliswe ukupheka.
Oku kwaphawula ukuqala kokupheka eJapan ngexesha leMeiji, xa itshintshile ngenxa yenkqubo yerhafu.
Nangona injongo yayikukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu, i-sake yokupheka yayidalwe ngononophelo ukuze ibe kumgangatho ophezulu.
Injongo yayikukwenza imveliso eya kungcamla kakuhle kwaye ibe sempilweni, ngaphezu kokungabi narhafu.
Abantu mhlawumbi babeza kusela ngenxa yokupheka ngelo xesha ngenxa yokuba yayisemgangathweni, kwaye yindlela eyaqala ngayo ukusetyenziswa ekuphekeni.
Ngaphezu koko, bekuya kuba kubiza imali ephantsi kunokusela ngenxa yokusela kwaye bekuya kubhenela kubemi ngokubanzi.
Ekubeni ukupheka kuneminyaka eyi-147 kuphela ubudala, akukudala kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izithako zaseJapan ezifana nesosi yesoya (engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2,000 ubudala).
Ukupheka ngenxa yokupheka vs ukusela
Ukupheka nokusela ngenxa yeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zewayini yerayisi yaseJapan.
Ukusela kwenzelwe ukonwatyiswa ngokwako, ngelixa ukupheka kusetyenziselwa ukupheka kuphela.
Akukho mgaqo ochasene nokusela ukusela ukupheka, ngoko ke, ngokobuchwephesha, ungasebenzisa nokuba yeyiphi.
Nangona kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa ukusela ekuphekeni kuba kuyabiza kwaye incasa inamandla kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha.
Ukusela kunikwa kwiibhari, kunye neendawo zentselo zaseJapan ezibizwa ngokuba yi-izakaya. Yenziwe ngerayisi ephothiweyo ukususa ibran, emva koko ivundiswe ngekoji kunye namanzi.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zibini kukuba ukupheka kunomxholo otywala ophantsi, ugxininise ngakumbi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izithako ezongezelelweyo ezifana netyuwa zongezwa kuyo.
Isizathu sokusela siza kwiindidi ezininzi, kunye neempawu ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-sake yokupheka yimveliso elula kakhulu, kwaye kukho kuphela iimpawu ezimbalwa ezivelisayo.
Ngelixa i-sake yokupheka ingasetyenziselwa indawo yokusela ngenxa yokusela kwezinye iiresiphi, akukhuthazwa ukuba usele ukupheka ngokwakho, njengoko yomelele kakhulu kwaye ayithethi ukuba idliwe ngaloo ndlela.
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-sake yokupheka kunye ne-mirin?
Zombini i-sake yokupheka kunye ne-mirin zisetyenziswa kwiiresiphi ezininzi zaseJapan. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini.
I-Sake inomxholo ophezulu wotywala kunye nomxholo ophantsi weswekile xa kuthelekiswa ne-mirin.
I-Mirin imnandi kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwizitya ezifuna ubumnandi obuncinci, ngelixa i-sake imnandi kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwizitya apho ufuna ukuba utywala buphele.
I-Sake inamandla ngakumbi, ngoko awudingi ukusebenzisa kakhulu njengoko ubuya kwenza i-mirin.
Ngaba ukupheka kuyafana newayini yerayisi?
Ngokobuchwephesha, akukho. Iwayini yerayisi ludidi olubanzi olubandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zeziselo ezinxilisayo ezenziwe ngerayisi.
Noko ke, eNtshona, igama elithi “iwayini yerayisi” lidla ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanayo nelithi “sake.” Igama elithi nihonshu lelinye igama lewayini yerayisi.
Kodwa ngokubanzi, i-sake ithathwa njengohlobo lwewayini yerayisi nangona ivundisiwe kwaye idityaniswe okwangoku, iwayini ivutshiwe nje.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-sake kunye neviniga yerayisi?
ISake sisiselo esinxilisayo esenziwe ngerayisi enegwele, ngelixa iviniga yerayisi yenziwe ngerayisi evundisiweyo evunyelwe ukuba ijike ibe yi-acetic acid.
Iviniga yerayisi isetyenziswa njenge-condiment okanye isinxibo, ngelixa i-sake isetyenziselwa isiselo okanye ekuphekeni.
ISake inotywala obuphezulu kuneviniga yerayisi.
Ngaba i-sake iyafana ne-Shaoxing iwayini?
Hayi, iwayini yeShaoxing luhlobo lwewayini yaseTshayina yerayisi. Yenziwe ngerayisi enegwele kwaye inombala we-amber ofanayo.
Iwayini ye-Shaoxing idla ngokusetyenziswa ekuphekeni kwaseTshayina, ngelixa i-sake isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiitya zaseJapan. Iwayini ye-Shaoxing nayo imnandi kune-sake.
Yintoni onokuyenza endaweni yokupheka?
Akukho bungozi ekusebenziseni isiselo esinxilisayo ekuphekeni – yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokususa naziphi na iibhotile ezingagqitywanga onokuba unazo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa indawo ebambeleyo, kukho ezona zibalaseleyo onokuzizama.
Eyona ndawo iqhelekileyo endaweni yokupheka ibizwa ngokuba yi-mirin. Yiwayini yerayisi efanayo, kodwa iswiti kakhulu kune-sake kwaye inomxholo ophantsi wotywala.
Enye inketho kukusebenzisa isherry eyomileyo, iwayini emhlophe, okanye iwayini ebomvu. Ezi zonke ziya kongeza iincasa ezahlukeneyo kwisitya sakho, ke qiniseka ukuba ukhetha enye eya kuncedisana nezinye izithako.
Iwayini yerayisi yaseTshayina okanye iwayini yeShaoxing yenye indawo efanelekileyo, nangona ingafumaneki ngokubanzi njenge-mirin okanye ngenxa.
Ukuba ujonge ukhetho olungelulo utywala, ungasebenzisa iviniga yerayisi okanye iviniga emhlophe.
Ezi ziya kongeza i-asidi efanayo kwisitya sakho kodwa aziyi kuba neprofayili yencasa efanayo ngenxa.
Eyona njongo yokupheka yokuthenga
Zininzi iimveliso zokupheka ngenxa yentengiso kwimarike, kodwa ayizizo zonke ezidalwe zilingana.
Ukupheka kusenokubhalwa ryorishu okanye ryorishi. Elo ligama ekufuneka uligcine engqondweni xa uthengela esi sithako.
Nazi ezinye iibrendi ezilungileyo onokuzithenga:
- I-Kikkoman Cooking Sake (Ryorishi) -Le yeyona ndlela yokupheka elungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kuba i-Kikkoman ifumaneka kwiivenkile ezininzi.
- Morita Premium Organic Cooking Sake
- Ryorishu Cooking Sake JAS-Organic Japanese Cooking Wine
- Takara Sake
- Gekkeikan Sake (Le yinto yokusela ongayisebenzisa xa upheka)
Ngaba ukupheka kusempilweni?
Akukho mpendulo iqinisekileyo kulo mbuzo kuba ixhomekeke kwingcaciso yakho yobuqu "yempilo."
Ukupheka kuqulethe utywala, ngoko ke ukuba uzama ukunqanda utywala ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, ke ukupheka akulona khetho lufanelekileyo kuwe.
Noko ke, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukupheka ngotywala kunokunceda ekukhupheni incasa ethile nezondlo ekutyeni.
Ngenxa yokupheka ilungile kwinkqubo yokwetyisa kuba isiselo esibilisiweyo. Kwakhona iqulethe i-antioxidants kunye neencinci ezincinci ze-selenium, i-phosphorus, kunye nobhedu.
Ke, ukuba ujonge indlela yokupheka iwayini enempilo, i-sake lukhetho oluhle. Qiniseka nje ukuba uyisebenzise ngokumodareyitha.
Yise kude
Ukupheka luhlobo lwewayini yerayisi edla ngokusetyenziswa kwisidlo saseJapani. Inencasa eyomeleleyo kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa okanye ukuthoba izitya.
Esi sithako siyinxalenye edumileyo yokutya kwaseJapan kuba kucingelwa ukunceda ukukhupha iincasa ezithile kunye nezondlo ekutyeni.
Izitya ezininzi ezibandakanya i-sake ziphekwe ngenjongo yokupheka kotywala. Ingongezwa kwiisuphu, isityu, iisosi, iimarinades, okanye nantoni na onokuyicinga.
Ngokhetho oluninzi kwimarike, ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuzama ukupheka!
zama oku I-teppanyaki yenyama yenkomo ye-classic kunye ne-sake / iresiphi ye-soy sauce
Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka
Iiresiphi zosapho zikaBitemybun ezinesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokutya kunye nesikhokelo seresiphi.
Yizame simahla nge Kindle Unlimited:
Funda simahla
UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uthanda ukuzama ukutya okutsha ngokutya kwaseJapan entliziyweni yomnqweno wakhe, kwaye kunye neqela lakhe ebesenza amanqaku anzulu ebhlog ukusukela ngo2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo kunye neeresiphi kunye neengcebiso zokupheka.
