Yintoni umgubo ngesiJapan? Onke amagama ahlukeneyo (komugiko, chûrikiko, hakurikiko) achaziwe

umbhali: Joost Nusselder, umbhali we-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook cookbook Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 25, 2021

Umgubo okanye iKomugiko 小麦 粉 ibaluleke kakhulu kwisithethe saseJapan sokupheka njengoko kunjalo eNtshona.

Kodwa, zininzi iintlobo zomgubo eJapan, kwaye nganye inegama elahlukileyo. IJapan ineentlobo ezininzi zomgubo, ezinye zazo zenziwe ngengqolowa kwaye uninzi lwazo lwenziwe ngezinye izinto ezinje ngesoba, irayisi, njl.

UKomugiko ligama eliqhelekileyo laseJapan ngomgubo wengqolowa. Nangona kunjalo, zimbini iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomgubo wengqolowa: umgubo wekhekhe ethambileyo (hakurikiko) kunye nomgubo wesonka esomeleleyo (kyorikiko).

Lixesha lokuba uphonononge yonke le micimbi ihlukeneyo kwaye uxoxe ngendlela eyenziweyo nesetyenziselwa ukubhaka kunye nokupheka.

Umgubo wengqolowa yenye yeentlobo ezininzi zomgubo waseJapan kwaye kweli nqaku, ndixoxa ngazo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo onokuzithenga kwivenkile yokutya yaseJapan.

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Ngaba umgubo wengqolowa uyafumaneka eJapan?

Ewe kunjalo, kungenxa yokuba sisiseko seeresiphi ezininzi. Umgubo wengqolowa oqhelekileyo kunye nomxholo we-8-10% we-gluten ubizwa ngokuba yiKomugiko, kwaye ulingana nomgubo omhlophe waseNtshona. Asiyo ngqolowa ipheleleyo, kwaye ayiqulathanga irayisi okanye isoyi.

Kodwa, umgubo wengqolowa uza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo eJapan.

Umgubo wekhekhe uqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezibhakiweyo kwaye umgubo wesonka usetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka. Emva koko, kukho umgubo okhethekileyo we-khekhe kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokhetho ezingezizo ezengqolowa.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomgubo waseJapan

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lomgubo ngesiJapan yile ikomugiko (小麦 粉). Kodwa kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba oku kubhekisa kwingqolowa yengqolowa, hayi ezinye iintlobo ezinje ngesoba okanye irayisi.

Ke ngaphakathi komgubo wengqolowa, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zomgubo waseJapan:

• umgubo wekhekhe
• umgubo wesonka

Ezi zimbini zezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo. Zahlulwe ngokokusekelwa kwizinto abazisebenzisileyo.

Kodwa, kukho ezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, ke jonga uluhlu.

IHakurikiko (薄 力 粉）Umgubo ongenamandla / umgubo othambileyo (umgubo wekhekhe)

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngomgubo wekhekhe waseJapan kwaye uyazibuza, yintoni?

Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

• eyenziwe ngengqolowa
• viscosity esezantsi
• ukukhanya kunye nokuthungwa okungumgubo
• isetyenziselwa ukubhaka amaqebengwana, iibhiskithi kunye nezinye iikeyiki eziswiti
• Inomxholo we-gluten ophantsi (8.5% okanye ngaphantsi)

Umgubo wekhekhe uthandwa kakhulu kwaye uqhelekile kwaye kulula ukufumana kwivenkile zaseJapan. Kuba umgubo wekhekhe unomxholo osezantsi we-gluten, awubonakali kakhulu kodwa ungumgubo, ukukhanya, kunye nefluffy.

Olu hlobo lomgubo luqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza iikeyiki, iicookies kunye nezinye izinto ezibhakiweyo ezinje Iipancakes zaseJapan. Inika iimpahla ezibhakiweyo ubunjani bethenda.

Kyorikiko (強力 粉）Umgubo owomeleleyo (umgubo wesonka)

• eyenziwe ngengqolowa
• eyaziwa ngokuba ngumgubo wesonka kwaye yenzelwe ukwenza isonka ngokukodwa
• Umxholo ophezulu we-gluten (12% okanye ngaphezulu)

Ngomxholo ophezulu we-gluten malunga ne-12-14%, umgubo oqinileyo wesonka ngowona wesibini uthandwa kakhulu kuba amaJapan ayasithanda isonka sabo esixineneyo.

Lo mgubo ubonakala kakhulu ngoko ke iimpahla ezibhakiweyo kunye isonka zixinene kwaye zinobunzima obungaphezulu kokuba usebenzisa umgubo wento yonke. IKyorikiko ikwangowona mgubo ulungileyo onokuwusebenzisa negwele kuba uphuma kakuhle.

Unokufumana ngokulula umgubo wesonka kwivenkile kodwa kubiza kancinci.

IPanyô zenryûhun (パ ン 用 全 粒 粉） - Umgubo wengqolowa opheleleyo

Kuba ingqolowa iphelele isempilweni kunengqolowa eqhelekileyo, uninzi abenzi bezonka ukhetha ukusebenzisa umgubo wengqolowa waseJapan opheleleyo.

Inomxholo ophezulu we-gluten we-13% kodwa yenziwe ngeenqolowa ezipheleleyo.

IChrisrikiko (中 力 粉)- Uflawo wezinto zonke

Abantu abaninzi eNtshona baqhele ukusebenzisa umgubo wokutya ngenxa yokuba ungawusebenzisa yonke into.

Kodwa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni umgubo wokutya waseJapan?

I-Chuurikiko yeyona ndlela iphambili yaseJapan kwi-Western-purpose flour. Ngumgubo wamandla aphakathi kwaye uphakathi komyinge we-8-11% womxholo we-gluten ophakathi kungoko ke abanye abantu bebhekisa kuwo njengomgubo ophakathi.

Olu hlobo lomgubo ngumxube wekhekhe kunye nomgubo wesonka. I-viscous ephakathi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza izitya ezinje nge takoyaki, okonomiyaki, nangona iidon noodles.

Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imigubo, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuyifumana kodwa uninzi lwezinto zokutya ezinkulu zaseJapan ziyigcina.

Ufunde kwakhona: Uyenza njani iTakoyaki ngaphandle kweTakoyaki Pan?

UZenryûhun (全 粒 分) -Umgubo wengqolowa ogcweleyo

Abathengi abazi ngempilo bathenga umgubo wengqolowa ogcweleyo kuba lukhetho olungcono kunomgubo omhlophe okanye ococekileyo ngenxa yefayibha ephezulu kunye nomxholo wokutya okuziinkozo.

Inobunzima obungaphezulu komgubo wengqolowa omhlophe kwaye abantu abaninzi bayathanda ukudibanisa ingqolowa kunye nomgubo omhlophe kwiziphumo zokubhaka ezingcono.

USobako (そ ば 粉) - Soba buckwheat flour

Umgubo weBuckwheat uthandwa kakhulu eJapan. Luhlobo olukhulu lomgubo ongenagluten owenziwe nge-buckwheat yomhlaba.

Kuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukwenza isoya noodles kunye neyaki.

I-Okashiyô no komugiko (お 菓子 の 小麦 粉) -Umgubo we-pastry

Umgubo we-pastry uyafana nomgubo wekhekhe kuba uthathwa njengomgubo "othambileyo".

Inomxholo we-gluten ophantsi kodwa umxholo ophakamileyo wesitatshi owenza i-pastries ithambe kwaye ithambe ngokuthelekiswa neminye imigubo.

Okashiyô zenryûhun (お 菓子 用 全 粒 粉） - Umgubo wengqolowa ogcweleyo

Lo mgubo uyafana nomgubo we-pastry oqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba unesiqulatho esisezantsi se-gluten esimalunga ne-10%. Yenziwe ngeenkozo ezipheleleyo ezenza umgubo uthambe.

Gurahamuko (グ ラ ハ ム 粉）- Umgubo kaGraham

Umgubo kaGraham uthathwa njengohlobo lomgubo wengqolowa ogcwele umhlaba onqabileyo kwaye wabizwa ngegama lendoda eyayisungulayo, uSylvester Graham.

Lo mgubo uthengiswa kuphela kwizikhenkcisi nakwizikhenkcezisi kuba awunaxesha elide.

URai mugiko (ラ イ 麦粉) -Umgubo weRye

Umgubo weerye wenziwe ngamajikijolo eryegrass. Lo mgubo uqulethe i-gluten yengqolowa kodwa ubungakanani obuphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zengqolowa.

Komeko (米粉) - Umgubo welayisi

Umgubo welayisi luhlobo oludumileyo lwe-gluten. Inolusu olucolekileyo nolungumgubo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubhaka.

Umgubo welayisi yinto eqhelekileyo ethatha indawo yomgubo wengqolowa kwabo bangenakutya i-gluten kodwa inika intlama yakho ubunjani be-gummy.

I-Mochiko (も ち 粉) -Umgubo ocoliweyo welayisi

Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lomgubo kwaye luyasetyenziselwa ukwenza dessert ezifana mochi kunye nengozi.

I-Mochiko ayingomgubo wakho oqhelekileyo kuba inomxholo ophezulu wesitashi onceda iibhola ze-mochi zinamathele.

Ubume bungumgubo kwaye bulungile, bulungele ukudibanisa nolwelo. Lo mgubo awunagluten.

funda ngakumbi malunga ne-mochiko (okanye umgubo werayisi oswiti) kunye nento ongayisebenzisa njengebambela apha

Umgubo wengqolowa （コ ー ン ミ ー ル）

Ngenxa yokuba yenziwe ngombona, lo ngumgubo ongenagluten. Zimbini iintlobo: umgubo wengqolowa kunye nomgubo wengqolowa. Zombini ezi zinto zixhaphakile eJapan.

Umgubo wengqolowa unombala ococekileyo ngelixa i-grit yengqolowa irhabaxa.

Umgubo weviolet (日 清 バ イ オ レ ッ ト 薄 力 小麦 粉)

(jonga imifanekiso emininzi)

Umgubo we-Nisshin Violet luhlobo oluthile lobungcali okanye umgubo we-gourmet. I-milled ibe yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu. Kukho ubuchwepheshe obuninzi kunye nophando olwenza lo mgubo okhethekileyo we-violet.

Xa uyisebenzisa kwimpahla yakho ebhakwe, iyenza ukuba ibe nokukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okuphantse kube nomoya kunye nesiponji.

Imixube exutyiweyo yezitya ezizodwa

Zininzi izitya ezikhethekileyo zaseJapan ezinjengee-pancake zazo ezi-fluffy. Ezi zihlala zithengiswa njengomxube opakishwe kwangaphambili. Unokufumana umgubo owenziwe ngokucacileyo kwezi zitya kwivenkile yokutya.

• Okonomiyakiko - umxube womgubo we okonomiyaki
• Takoyakiko - umxube womgubo we takoyaki
• Umxube weHotcake-umxube womgubo wokwenza i-pancake
• I-Tempurako - umxube womgubo wokwenza itempura

Eyona mveliso yomgubo waseJapan

Amanqaku amakhulu

• Nisshin yenye yeempawu ezithandwa kakhulu eJapan kunye nomgubo wengqolowa oqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukubhaka, ukwenza isonka. Iyafumaneka kuzo zonke iivenkile zokutya nakwiAmazon.
• Tehmag, Japan Ukhozi Bread Isonka ngumgubo wesonka othandwayo, kwaye abantu bayawuthanda ngenxa yokuba ungangxengwanga.
• Ikhekhe leAwajiya / elenziwe ekhaya yenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubhaka izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibhakiweyo, iikeyiki kunye nesonka.
• Ikhitshi lam / Watashi noDaidokoro lolunye uphawu lomgubo wevenkile enkulu ngengqolowa, ingqolowa iphelele, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomgubo.
• Umgubo weOtafuku Takoyaki ngumxube okhethekileyo womgubo wokwenza iibhola ze-octopus zaseJapan. Umgubo uxutywe nezinye izithako ezifana ne-bonito kunye ne-kombu dashi flavouring.
• UTomizawa kwaye UAlishan Zintlobo ezinkulu zomgubo onokuzithenga kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwiivenkile ezinkulu.

Imifuno yaseJapan i-FAQ

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi komgubo wesonka waseJapan kunye nomgubo oqhelekileyo?

Umgubo wesonka waseJapan unomxholo ophezulu we-gluten malunga ne-12 ukuya kwi-14% xa kuthelekiswa ne-8 ukuya kwi-10% yomgubo oqhelekileyo.

Kodwa, omnye umahluko ophawulekayo kukuba umgubo wesonka waseJapan unomxholo ophezulu weprotheni. Iyakwazi ukufunxa amanzi amaninzi kwaye izinze ngakumbi. Olu hlobo lomgubo ophezulu we-gluten lwenzela isonka esixineneyo kwaye sinokuthamba okuthe tye kwaye okuhle.

Ngaba umgubo waseJapan wahlukile?

Umgubo waseJapan wahlukile ngengqondo yokuba kukho umgubo othambileyo, onzima, kunye nenjongo-yawo osetyenziselwa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokubhaka kunye nokupheka.

Xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo zaseNtshona, umgubo wengqolowa waseJapan uneeproteni ezininzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unomxholo ophezulu we-gluten.

Kodwa, irayisi, umbona, okanye umgubo oxubeneyo wahluke kakhulu kumgubo omhlophe owuthengayo eMntla Melika naseYurophu.

Ngaba umgubo waseJapan usempilweni?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umgubo waseJapan usempilweni, ndingatsho ukuba unokuba ulungile. Nangona umgubo omhlophe ufana nomgubo omhlophe eNtshona, i-soba (umgubo we-buckwheat) isempilweni kakhulu kuba iqulethe i-prebiotic enceda ukwetyisa.

Ixabisa malini umgubo eJapan?

Ukusukela nge-2021, ixabiso lomgubo eJapan limalunga ne-2 yeedola nge-1 kg.

Oku kubiza kakhulu kunase-USA apho amaxabiso aphakathi ejikeleze i-1 yeedola nge-1kg nganye.

Ukutya kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo kubiza kakhulu eJapan kwaye abantu abayisebenzisi umgubo omninzi ekhaya.

Ngaba umgubo eJapan ubhlitshiwe?

Hayi, umgubo omninzi othengiswa eJapan awunagwele.

Kodwa, kuxhomekeke apho ingqolowa ingeniswa khona isuka kwimifuno yengqolowa yaseMelika iblitshi.

Ababhaki baseJapan bakhetha umgubo ongafakwanga ngenxa yokuba uneprotein eninzi kunye ne-gluten ke iyaqina ngakumbi ngombala we-chewier. Ke ngoko, isonka kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo zithambile kwaye zithambile.

Ngaba umgubo weeblitshi ungcamla ngokwahlukileyo?

Umntu oqhelekileyo usenokungakwazi ukwahlula umahluko phakathi komgubo we-bleached kunye ne-unbleached. Umgubo we-bleached unenambitheka ekrakra ngokuthelekiswa ne-unbleached.

Kwakhona, iindidi ezi-bleached zimhlophe, zithambile ekubunjweni, kwaye zinokutya okuziinkozo okuhle kakhulu. Umgubo ongafakwanga unolwazi oluninzi lwenkozo eshinyeneyo kunye noburhabaxa oburhabaxa okanye uburhabaxa bokuqina.

Kodwa, ngekhe ufumane abantu baseJapan befikelela kumgubo we-bleached kuqala.

Ngaba kukho umgubo wokuziphakamisa eJapan?

Ngelishwa, abathengisi umgubo wokuzikhulisela eJapan. Ukuba uqhele ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lomgubo wokubhaka, uya kudana ukuba iresiphi ayifani ngaphandle kolu hlobo lomgubo.

Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba unokwenza umgubo wokuzikhulisela ekhaya. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukuxuba 1 indebe yomgubo obuthathaka (Hakurikiko) kunye 1 itispuni yempuphu yokubhaka.

Ke, kwikomityi nganye ye-200 ml yomgubo, wongeza i-1 tsp ye-powder yokubhaka kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuba incasa njengaseMelika, emva koko yongeza i-1/4 itispuni yetyuwa nayo.

Umgubo wokuzikhulisela waseYurophu nowaseBritane awunayo ityuwa, ke unokutsiba ukuba ufuna iipropathi zokuzikhulisa, hayi eyona ncasa ichanekileyo.

Yise kude

Into ephambili ekufuneka uyazi kukuba ikomugiko ibhekisa kumgubo wengqolowa waseJapan kwaye kukho iindidi ezimbini: umgubo wekhekhe kunye nomgubo wesonka oqhele ukuthengiswa kuzo zonke iivenkile ezinkulu.

Kodwa, abantu baseJapan abayisebenzisi kuphela umgubo wengqolowa kwaye kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi, ezinjengeerayisi, i-buckwheat, i-rye, kunye nokunye!

Konke kuxhomekeke kwinto oyibhakayo okanye oyiphekayo. Ngokwabapheki nababhaki baseJapan, kuhlala kungcono ukusebenzisa umgubo wekhekhe okanye umgubo wokubhaka konke, kunye nomgubo wesonka wokwenza isonka kuphela.

Ukuba usebenzisa umgubo ngenjongo eyenzelwe wona, uya kuqaphela ukuba iimpahla zakho ezibhakiweyo zinambitha ngcono kunokuba usebenzisa umgubo ongacwangciswanga.

Funda ngokulandelayo: Yintoni iTaiyaki? Kumnandi, kumnandi kunye nentlanzi (iresiphi nokunye)

Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Iiresiphi zosapho zikaBitemybun ezinesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokutya kunye nesikhokelo seresiphi.

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Funda simahla

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uthanda ukuzama ukutya okutsha ngokutya kwaseJapan entliziyweni yomnqweno wakhe, kwaye kunye neqela lakhe ebesenza amanqaku anzulu ebhlog ukusukela ngo2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo kunye neeresiphi kunye neengcebiso zokupheka.