I-Chuka: Isho ukuthini i-Chuka Ryori ku-Cuisine yaseJapane?

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 6, 2022

IsiJapane Cuisine waseChina noma i-Chuka isitayela sokudla kwase-Japanese okuhlinzekwa yizindawo zokudlela ezibizwa ngokuthi zesiShayina ezaduma e-Japan ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nezikhathi zamuva nje.

Kunokudideka okukhulu njengoba amaJapane namaShayina enqaba ukuthi lokhu kudla kuwukudla kwabo, nokho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kudla kutholakala ikakhulukazi eJapane, nakuba manje sekuphinde kwaduma kulo lonke elase-Asia kusukela eJapane njengokuthi “ukudla kwaseJapane”.

Lesi sitayela sokudla sehlukile futhi ekudleni kwamaShayina esimanjemanje e-Japan, isb. Yokohama Chinatown.

Ukudla kwaseJapane kwaziwa ngezinongo nezitsha zakhona, kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi igama elithi “chuka” livelaphi?

I-Chuka isho isiShayina ku-cuisine yaseJapane. Igama elibolekiwe elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukudla kwaseJapane okuthonywe isiShayina. Igama elithi “chuka” lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izitsha ezifana nokudla kwaseShayina, noma lezo eziphekwe ngendlela yaseShayina.

Ake sibheke igama elithi “chuka” nokuthi lisetshenziswa kanjani ku-cuisine yesiJapane.

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Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

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Chuka Ryori: Umlando

I-Chuka Ryori, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho ukuthi "ukudla kwamaShayina," isitayela se-cuisine yaseJapan eyasuka ezitsheni eziguquliwe zaseShayina eminyakeni edlule ukuze zivumelane nokunambitheka kwamaJapane. Ngokomlando, uChuka Ryori udlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni bamasiko phakathi kweChina neJapan.

Igama elithi “chūka” liyisichasiso esifushane esibuyela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, lapho amaPutukezi eletha i-kanji yegama elithi “China” eJapane. I-Chuka Ryori yaqala ukuhlinzekwa emadolobheni angamachweba afana ne-Nagasaki, lapho abathengisi nabapheki baseShayina babeqashwe khona ukuze basize ekumiseni izindawo zokudlela ezaziphakela amakhasimende aseJapane alambile.

I-Evolution kanye Nokuchuma kwe-Chuka Ryori e-Japan

I-Chuka Ryori, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Chūka Ryori, igama lesiJapane elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukudla kwamaShayina." Kwasuka esivumelwaneni sobungani phakathi kweJapan neChina ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, okwaholela ekuthuthelekeni okukhulu kwezifiki zaseShayina futhi kwasungulwa amaShayinatown emadolobheni amakhulu aseJapan njengeYokohama. I-Chuka Ryori yaqale yacwila e-Beijing cuisine, kodwa yashintsha ngokushesha ukuze ihlanganise ukudla kwesifunda kwamaShayina okuhlukile, okufana ne-Szechuan noma i-Sichuan, ebonakala ngama-flavour agqamile.

Ukwehla Okufushane Nokuvela Kabusha Kwe-Chuka Ryori

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ukuthandwa kukaChuka Ryori kwehla kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kwempi, ukulangazelela ukudla kwaseShayina kwakhula. Lokhu kuholele ekuvulweni kwezitolo eziningi zakwaChuka Ryori, njengeRairaiken, eyavulwa eShinjuku, naseNakamuraya, edayisa isinkwa sohlobo lwesiShayina. Ukubuya kwamasosha nezifiki ezivela eChina kubuye kwabuyisa ukunambitheka kweChuka Ryori, futhi bamisa izimakethe ezimakethe ezimnyama benikela ngesitsha sabo esisayinwe, i-jiaozi, okungamadombolo abilisiwe aminyene futhi ahlafunwayo.

Izindlela Zesintu Neminikelo Ehlukile Ye-Chuka Ryori

I-jiaozi yesitayela se-mandarin yaduma ngokushesha ezindlini zase-Japan ngoba yayishibhile futhi kulula ukuyenza. I-Chuka Ryori manje isithathwa njengesidlo esihlukile e-Japan, futhi ibhekisela ezitsheni zesitayela saseShayina ezithathe izici ze-Japanese cuisine. Izinongo nezindlela zokupheka zishintshile ukuze zifane nokuthandwa kwaseJapane, kodwa umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zokudla zaseShayina zesifunda zisekhona. Eminye yengxube ethokozisayo yezitsha engatholakala eChuka Ryori ifaka:

• I-Gyoza, okungamadombolo athosiwe ayisisekelo sokudla kwaseJapane
• I-Shaoxing, uhlobo lwewayini lerayisi laseShayina elisetshenziswa ezitsheni eziningi ze-Chuka Ryori
• I-Ramen, isobho lase-Japan le-noodle elinomsuka walo ekudleni kwaseShayina
• I-Mapo tofu, isidlo se-Szechuan esibabayo esesiyisidlo esidumile se-Chuka Ryori e-Japan

I-Contemporary Incorporation ye-Chuka Ryori

I-Chuka Ryori ihambe ibanga elide kusukela yazalwa e-Japan. Namuhla, i-cuisine ehlanganisa kokubili ukunambitheka kwesiShayina nesiJapane nezindlela zokupheka. Izindawo zokudlela eziningi ze-Chuka Ryori zisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuvuseleleni izitsha zendabuko zesiShayina, kuyilapho ezinye zinikela ngezidlo zamanje ezinengxube yezithako zesiShayina nesiJapane. Igama elithi “Chuka” seliyisichasiso esivamile sokubhekisela kunoma yini enethonya lamaShayina eJapane, futhi liwubufakazi bethonya elihlala njalo le-Chuka Ryori ekudleni kwaseJapane.

Ubani u-Chen Kenmin?

U-Chen Kenmin ungumuntu ophawulekayo ekudleni kwaseJapane, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokupheka kwesitayela se-Szechuan. Waziwa ngokuletha ama-flavour avuthayo nayiqiniso we-Szechuan cuisine e-Japan futhi awalungise ukuze abhekane nokuthandwa kwasendaweni.

Impilo Yakuqala Nomsebenzi

U-Chen Kenmin wazalelwa e-Szechuan, e-China, kodwa wathuthela e-Japan ngo-1957. Wavula indawo yokudlela e-Tokyo's Imperial Hotel, lapho aqale wagxila ekulungiseni ukudla kwedolobha lakubo ukuze kuhambisane nokuthandwa kwama-Japanese. Nokho, washeshe wagxila ekuphekeni ngendlela yaseSzechuan.

Izimpumelelo Eziphawulekayo

Ukuphumelela okukhulu kuka-Chen Kenmin kwenzeka ngo-1983 ngesikhathi enza ukubonakala kwe-TV, ethula isidlo sakhe esidumile, i-Mabodōfu, komama bezindlu baseJapane. Lesi sidlo, esitholakala kalula ezitolo ezinkulu namuhla, sehlise ukunambitheka okuvuthayo kwe-cuisine yangempela ye-Szechuan ukuze kuhlinzekelwe okuthandwa yi-Japanese. U-Chen wavuma ngokusobala ukuthi wenza izitsha zakhe zendawo, kodwa izinguqulo zakhe ezilungisiwe zezitsha ezithandwayo ze-Szechuan, ezifana ne-Mapo Tofu, zaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthandeni kwabo okubanzi nothando eJapane.

Incwadi Yokupheka ka-Chen Kenmin kanye Nezitsha Ezidumile

U-Chen Kenmin waziwa nangencwadi yakhe yokupheka ethi, “Shisen Hanten,” ehlanganisa izitsha zakhe eziningi ezidumile, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Mapo Tofu: Ingulube egayiwe, amaliki, nemifino kagalikhi ayifakiwe, izinongo eziphindwe kabili ezitholakala kalula ezisikiwe zengulube yengulube ebilisiwe kusoso esibabayo.
• I-Mapo Ebi: Ukujwayela kwe-Mapo Tofu, lesi sidlo sinemfanzi eyoliswe nge-ketchup, izikhupha zamaqanda, nesoso ye-doubanjiandan.
• I-Dan Dan Noodles: Isitsha senoodle esibabayo esinengulube egayiwe, i-sesame paste, namafutha e-chili, okufakwe ama-scallions nama-peppercorns we-Szechuan.

Ukwengeza kuka-Chen Kenmin kwe-mirin enguqulweni yakhe ye-Mapo Tofu kuyinikeza ukunambitheka okuthambile, kuyilapho ukungeza i-ray kuvumela abadlayo ukuthi balungise izinga lokushisa. Ukujwayela kwakhe i-Mapo Ebi enezimfanzi kanye nokusebenzisa i-ketchup nezikhupha zamaqanda ukwenza ukhilimu kuphinde kwaba nethonya kubafundi abajwayelene nokudla kwase-Japanese.

Sekukonke, uthando luka-Chen Kenmin nokuqonda ukulungisa ukudla kwe-Szechuan ukuze kube nokuthandwa kwasendaweni kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthandeni okubanzi kokupheka kwesitayela se-Szechuan e-Japan.

Ungazitholaphi izindawo zokudlela e-Chuka Ryori?

Izindawo zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori zingatholakala kulo lonke elase-Japan, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangakanani abantu noma isifunda. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezishushumbiswe kakhulu kungenzeka zibe nenani elikhulu lezindawo zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori. Ezinye izindawo ezinhle eziqashwayo zeholide e- Chuka Ryori

• Itholakala emgwaqweni ophithizelayo: Izindawo zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori zivame ukutholakala emigwaqweni ephithizelayo, lapho zingaheha khona amakhasimende amaningi. Kodwa-ke, izitolo ezithule zingatholakala nasezindaweni ezidala, ze-hole-in-the-wall zezindawo ezinefenisha ehambisana neminyaka edlule.
• Izindawo zokudlela ezingaziwa ezingomakhelwane: Ezinye zezindawo zokudlela ezihamba phambili zaseChuka Ryori azibonakali futhi zinomakhelwane, zondliwa abantu bendawo futhi zifinyelelwa ngomlomo. Lezi zindawo zokudlela zingahle zingashushumbiswa kakhulu, kodwa zinikeza ukunambitheka kwangempela kwe-Chuka Ryori.
• Amaketanga okudlela avamile ezweni lonke: Amanye amaketanga okudlela avamile ezweni lonke, njenge-Bamiyan, i-Gyoza no-Ousho, i-Hidakaya, ne-Tofu no Mapo, anikeza izitsha ze-Chuka Ryori kumamenyu abo. Lawa maketango avame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuthenga futhi anikela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezitholakala endaweni ukuze zivumelane nokuthandwa kwesifunda.

Izindawo zokudlela ezikhethekile ze-Chuka Ryori

Ezinye izindawo zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori zisebenza ngokukhethekile ezitsheni noma izifunda. Lezi zindawo zokudlela zinikeza isipiliyoni sokudlela esiyingqayizivele futhi kufanelekile ukufuna uma ungumlandeli we-Chuka Ryori. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:

• Izitolo ze-Ramen: I-Ramen isidlo esidumile se-Chuka Ryori esivame ukudliwa ebusuku kakhulu. Ezinye izitolo ze-ramen zinikeza izinhlobonhlobo ze-toppings, njengengulube, izimfanzi, amaqanda, ne-gyozanikuman ethosiwe.
• Izindawo zokudlela zaseDonburi: IDonburi yisitsha sesitsha serayisi esivame ukugcwaliswa ngenyama noma ukudla kwasolwandle. Ezinye izindawo zokudlela zama-donburi zisebenza ngokukhethekile ezitsheni ze-Chuka Ryori, njengesitshalo seqanda nopelepele okuphekwe ngengulube noma izimfanzi.
• I-Izakayas: Ama-Izakaya amashibhi esitayela saseJapane anikezela ngezidlo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-Chuka Ryori. Lezi zindawo zokudlela zivame ukunikeza izidlo eziningi ezingabiwa phakathi kweqembu, njengebhokisi le-bento noma isitsha sesitayela somndeni.

Ukumatanisa i-Chuka Ryori neziphuzo

Izitsha ze-Chuka Ryori zingabhangqwa nezinhlobonhlobo zeziphuzo, okuhlanganisa ubhiya newayini. E-Japan, iwayini le-Shaoxing ne-Huangjiu esekhulile yizinketho ezidumile zokumataniswa nezitsha ze-Chuka Ryori. Umongo womlando walezi ziphuzo udlala indima ebalulekile ekudumeni kwazo, njengoba zalethwa eJapane yizazi ezafunda i-Kanji kanye nezimpahla ezisanda kutholwa ezivela e-China ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ezinye izindawo zokudlela zase-Chuka Ryori zinikeza iziphuzo ezikhethiwe ezithinta ubudlelwano bamasiko phakathi kwe-Japan ne-China.

Imaphi Amaresiphi Adumile e-Chuka Ryori?

I-Mapo Tofu yesitayela se-Szechuan iyisidlo esibabayo nesimnandi esadabuka e-China kodwa esishintshiwe ukuze sivumelane nokuthanda kwama-Japanese. Yenziwe nge-tofu, ingulube egayiwe, kanye nesosi ebabayo eyenziwe nge-doubanjiang (ubhontshisi ovutshiwe), ama-peppercorns we-Szechuan, namafutha e-chili. Lesi sidlo siyintandokazi kubantu bendawo futhi singatholwa ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori.

Gyoza

I-Gyoza iyisidlo saseJapane esidumile esavela e-China. Kuwuhlobo lwamadombolo okuvamise ukugcwaliswa ngengulube egayiwe, iklabishi, ne-garlic chives. Khona-ke amadombolo afakwa epanini kuze kube crispy futhi ahanjiswe ne-sauce yokucwilisa eyenziwe nge-soy sauce, uviniga welayisi, namafutha e-chili. I-Gyoza iyintandokazi kubantu bendawo futhi ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori.

I-Shrimp ne-Egg Bowl

I-Shrimp ne-Egg Bowl, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ebi-don, isidlo esidumile se-Chuka Ryori esiqukethe izimfanzi namaqanda aphekiwe anikezwe endishini yerayisi. Isitsha sivame ukugcwaliswa ngesoso elimnandi nelimnandi elenziwe ngesoso yesoya, i-mirin, noshukela. Lesi sidlo singatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori futhi siyintandokazi kubantu bendawo.

Gyozanikuman

I-Gyozanikuman iwuhlobo lwesitsha se-Chuka Ryori esiyinhlanganisela ye-gyoza ne-nikuman (amabhanisi afakwe umusi agcwele inyama). Kungukudla okudumile komgwaqo eJapan futhi kungatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori. Isitsha senziwa ngokugxilisa i-gyoza egcwalisa ibhanisi elishisayo bese uyithosa epanini kuze kube crispy.

Ilayisi elithosiwe

Irayisi Ethosiwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Chahan, isidlo esidumile se-Chuka Ryori esiqukethe irayisi elithosiwe elihlanganiswe nemifino, inyama namaqanda. Isidlo ngokuvamile sinongwe nge-soy sauce futhi singatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela zaseChuka Ryori.

Indawo yaseChuka Ryori

I-Chuka Ryori yenziwe yasendaweni e-Japan ukuze ivumelane nokuthandwa kwabantu base-Japan, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu besifunda noma inani labantu. Ezinye izitolo zaseChuka Ryori zisemigwaqweni ephithizelayo kanti ezinye zitholakala ezindaweni ezithule. Ifenisha yalezi zitolo isukela esezingeni eliphezulu kuye kohlobo lwezimbobo odongeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lokusungulwa, umdwebo wangempela uwukudla, okuye kondla abantu bendawo iminyaka. Amanye amaketanga e-Chuka Ryori aziwa kakhulu e-Japan ahlanganisa i-Bamiyan, i-Ousho, ne-Hidakaya, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezikhethekile ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-Chuka Ryori.

Isiphetho

I-Chuka inezincazelo eziningi ngesiJapane, kodwa evame kakhulu isiShayina. Kungase futhi kusho okungavamile, okungajwayelekile, noma okungajwayelekile.

Yingakho kungase kubonakale njengesidlo esingajwayelekile, kodwa empeleni sekuyisikhathi eside saba yingxenye yesiko lamaJapane.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

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UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.