I-Mukimono: I-Japanese Art of Decorative Garnishing

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 29, 2023

Wake wezwa nge-mukimono? Akuyona into ovame ukuyizwa ngaphandle uma udla endaweni yokudlela yase-Japanese ephezulu. 

Kuyindlela yobuciko yasendulo yaseJapan yokuhlobisa ukudla okuhlobisa okuthola ukuduma emhlabeni wokudla.

I-Mukimono iwuhlobo lokulungiswa kokudla kwase-Japan noma uhlobo lobuciko olubandakanya ukusika izithelo nemifino kube izimo zokuhlobisa. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitsha futhi kwengeze ukukhanga okubonakalayo esidlweni. Lolu hlobo lobuciko bokudla lwenziwa kwezinye zezindawo zokudlela ezihamba phambili zama-Japanese emhlabeni. 

Bese kuba khona imibese kaMukimono esetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lobuciko bokudla. Zombili zibalulekile lapho abapheki belungiselela ukudla kwe-Mukimono.

Ngaphandle kwecele elicijile elingunxande, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokho kusikeka okuyinkimbinkimbi. 

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-mukimono, umlando wayo, nokuthi kungani iduma kangaka.

Ingabe ufuna ukuba nommese we-mukimono wangempela ekhaya? Ngibuyekeze izinketho ezinhle kakhulu lapha

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

Iyini i-Mukimono?

I-Mukimono (剥き物) iwubuciko bendabuko baseJapan bokuhlobisa imihlobiso.

Izibonelo zalokhu zihlanganisa ukuqopha izithombe zendabuko (izimbali, ama-cranes, izimfudu, namadragoni) esikhumbeni sezithelo nemifino, kanye nokubaza imifino (efana ne-daikon, isanqante, nesitshalo seqanda) ibe yizimo ezikhangayo njengezimbali, ama-twist, kanye nefeni. amajamo.

Lezi zivame ukukhonzwa njengokuhlobisa epuletini elifanayo njengesidlo noma epuleti elincane laseceleni. Ukubaza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa a ummese we-mukimono (bocho).

I-Mukimono ihlukile ekuqoshweni kwezithelo zaseThailand, esebenzisa ummese omncane obukhali oklanyelwe le njongo.

Manje ukuze uthole imininingwane: I-Mukimono igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ubuciko bezithelo zokuhlobisa nemifino yokubaza.

Kuyindlela yobuciko yaseJapane yasendulo ebilokhu yenziwa kusukela ngesikhathi se-Edo (1603-1868). 

Inqubo ye-mukimono ithatha isikhathi, isineke, nekhono, njengoba imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi iqoshwa ezithelweni noma ezitshalweni ezinjengama-apula, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, nama-daikon radishes.

Kafushane, i-Mukimono iwuhlobo lokulungiswa kokudla kwaseJapane okuhlanganisa ukusika nokubumba izithelo nemifino kube izimo zokuhlobisa.

Kushiwo amasu afana neKazarigiri, okuyindlela yokusika yokuhlobisa esetshenziselwa ukuguqula izithelo nemifino zibe izimbali ezincane noma amaqabunga.

Kuyindlela edumile yokwenza ukudla kubukeke kukhanga kakhulu futhi kungasetshenziswa ukwakha imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Amathuluzi e-mukimono avame kakhulu imimese, ama-peelers, nama-grater.

Amajamo adalwe angasukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi angasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa izitsha noma ukuhlobisa.

I-Mukimono ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-sushi, i-sashimi, nezinye izitsha zaseJapane. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza amasaladi okuhlobisa izithelo nemifino. 

Amajamo adalwe angasetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini, njengezimbali, amaqabunga, noma eminye imiklamo. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwakha garnishes zokuhlobisa iziphuzo kanye nama-dessert. 

Ifomu lobuciko be-mukimono liyindlela yokuvusa izinkathi ezine zonyaka ngokusika ngokuhlobisa imifino yesizini.

Esebenzisa i-mukimono, umpheki angamela izinkathi zonyaka ngendlela enhle epuleti lesidlo sakusihlwa.

Ngakho, i-Mukimono iyindlela enhle yokwengeza ukukhanga okubonakalayo ekudleni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza izitsha zibukeke zikhangayo futhi ezithakazelisayo. 

Futhi kuyindlela enhle yokwengeza ukunambitheka nokuthungwa ezitsheni.

Umumo odaliwe ungasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukuthungwa nokunambitha ezitsheni, njengokwengeza imifino eshwabene kumasaladi noma ukwengeza ukunambitheka okumnandi kuma-dessert.

I-Mukimono iyindlela ejabulisayo nehlakaniphile yokulungisa ukudla. Kuyindlela enhle yokwenza ubuciko ngokudla futhi wenze izitsha zibukeke zikhanga kakhulu.

Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, noma ubani angafunda ukwenza imiklamo emihle neyinkimbinkimbi nge-mukimono.

Nokho, abapheki abaphezulu bachitha iminyaka bezilolongela ubuciko be-mukimono baze bafeze amakhono abo.

Mukimono vs Mukimono ummese

Ukuze bakhe ubuciko bokudla be-mukimono, abapheki basebenzisa ummese okhethekile waseJapane obizwa ngokuthi ummese we-mukimono. 

Lawa magama amabili i-mukimono ne-mukimono knife ahlukene.

Lapho abantu besebenzisa igama elithi mukimono abantu abaningi bacabanga ngommese okhethekile we-mukimono osetshenziswa kubuciko be-mukimono.

Kodwa lezi yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene: i-mukimono iwubuciko bokuhlobisa ukudla kokuhlobisa, kuyilapho ummese we-mukimono uwuhlobo olukhethekile lombese wasekhishini waseJapane osetshenziselwa ukusika nokuqopha izithelo nemifino kube imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.

Imimese ye-Mukimono yenziwe ngensingo ebukhali, ezacile eyenza kube lula ukwenza imiklamo entekenteke. Lolu hlobo lommese lusetshenziswa abapheki abangochwepheshe kanye nabathandi bokuzilibazisa ngokufanayo.

Ummese ojwayelekile we-mukimono unensingo ebukhali engunxande kanye nethiphu ye-tanto ehlehlayo, okuwenza ulungele ukusika nokuqopha izithelo nemifino.

Kungani i-Mukimono ibalulekile?

I-Mukimono ibalulekile ngoba yengeza ikhono eliyingqayizivele nokudala ezitsheni.

Kuyindlela enhle yokwenza ukudla kubukeke kukhanga kakhulu futhi kuthakazelisa, okungasiza ukuheha amakhasimende. 

Ibuye yengeze izinga lobuchwepheshe ezitsheni, izenze zihluke esixukwini. Futhi, kuyindlela enhle yokubonisa ikhono nobuciko bompheki.

I-Mukimono ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwengeza ukuthungwa nokunambitha ezitsheni.

Ngokusebenzisa amasu okusika ahlukene, abapheki bangakha ubujamo obuthakazelisayo kanye nokuthungwa okungangeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele ezitsheni.

Lokhu kungasiza ukwenza izitsha zibe mnandi futhi zikhumbuleke.

Futhi, i-mukimono iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseJapane lokupheka futhi umuzwa wezinkathi ezine zonyaka ungavuswa ngokusika ukudla ngendlela ye-Mukimono.

Ukunambitheka kwezinkathi ezine zonyaka kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunambitheka kokudla kanye nokukhanga kwakho okubonakalayo.

Okokugcina, i-mukimono ibalulekile ngoba ingasiza ekudaleni umuzwa wesenzakalo.

Ngokungeza isici sobuciko nobuciko ezitsheni, kungasiza ukuzenza zizizwe zikhethekile futhi zikhumbuleka.

Lokhu kungase kubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi ezikhethekile njengezinsuku zokuzalwa, imigubho, namaholide.

Sekukonke, i-mukimono iyingxenye ebalulekile yokupheka.

Kungasiza ukwenza izitsha zibukeke zikhanga kakhudlwana, zengeze ukunambitheka nokuthungwa, futhi kudale umuzwa wesenzakalo.

Kuyindlela enhle yokubonisa ikhono nobuciko bompheki futhi kungasiza ukwenza izitsha zijabulele futhi zikhumbuleke.

Kungani i-Mukimono ithandwa kangaka?

I-Mukimono isidume ngezizathu eziningi, okuhlanganisa nokukhanga kwayo kobuhle kanye neqiniso lokuthi inezela ukuthinta okukhethekile ezitsheni.

Imihlobiso yokuhlobisa ingasiza futhi ukwenza ukudla kukhange nakakhulu, okungaba okubalulekile embonini yokudlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mukimono ayibizi futhi kulula ukuyifunda, ngakho ngisho nabapheki abayizimfundamakhwela bangenza imihlobiso emihle.

Kungani ukusika imifino kubalulekile ku-cuisine yaseJapane

Kungokwemvelo yaseJapane ukucophelela ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke; empeleni, banamagama athile amasu Japanese cutting.

Indlela imifino ebukeka ngayo, enambitheka ngayo igqama kakhulu uma isikwe ngendlela ethile - ngokusobala, indlela imifino ebonakala ngayo nokunambitha ishintsha umbono womuntu ngayo lapho ewudla.

Kuyihlazo ukuthi asikwazi ukuhlukanisa indlela esisika ngayo utamatisi futhi sisika ukhukhamba njengoba kwenza abantu baseJapane.

Ngakho-ke yini eyingqayizivele ngamasu okusika amaJapane?

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokusika ukudla ezihlukile kusiko lokudla lwaseJapan. 

Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ngokucophelela izindlela zokusika, eziningi zazo zibonakala zifana nendlela mina nawe esisika ngayo imifino.

Kodwa into eyodwa engayiqaphela mayelana negama elinikezwa inqubo ngayinye yokusika ekuphekeni kwaseJapane ukuthi akuwona amagama achazayo njengoba abantu baseNtshonalanga bebevame ukwenza kumagama abo.

Uzoqaphela ukuthi igama abalinikeza indlela yokusika alichazi isethi ethile yemiyalelo yokuthi ungasika kanjani imifino, kodwa kunalokho lichaza isitayela sokusika esinembile.

Isibonelo, i-Usugiri (薄切 り) - indlela yokusika "ezacile" isho isitayela sokusika noma ukusika kancane kancane ikhukhamba, ujinja, u-anyanisi, isitshalo seqanda (noma i-nasu), u-garlic, i-negi (u-anyanisi oluhlaza) ngenjongo yokuxubha- ukuthosa nokupheka le mifino nge-texture crispy.

Akufani negama elithi “ukusika libe yizicucu ezincane cishe” abantu baseNtshonalanga abalisebenzisayo ukuchaza ukuthi ukudla okuthile kunqunywa kanjani.

Ukusika nokuhluza imifino kubaluleke kakhulu ekulungisweni kokudla kwaseJapan ngoba kusiza umpheki ukuthi aqoke izithako ezithile esitsheni ngasinye, ikakhulukazi ngoba amakhishi aseJapan ancike ezintweni eziningi njengezinkathi zonyaka nezinye izinto.

Uyini umlando weMukimono?

I-Mukimono isineminyaka ikhona, kanti umsuka wayo kukholakala ukuthi usukela enkathini ye-Edo eJapane (1603-1868). 

Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi zingalandelelwa emuva eJapan Yasendulo, futhi mhlawumbe kwakukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuqoshwa kwezithelo nemifino olwenzeka njengoba amaJapane ehlala elalele imininingwane. 

Ekuqaleni, i-mukimono yayigqugquzelwa kakhulu inkolo. Njengophawu lokubonga, amaJapane anikeza le misebenzi yobuciko emangalisayo konkulunkulu. 

I-Mukimono ithola ugqozi kwisitayela se-'ikebana' sokuhlelwa kwembali yase-Japanese, emele ubudlelwano be-symbiotic phakathi kwezulu, umhlaba, kanye nobuntu.

Nokho, kwakuphakathi nenkathi ye-Edo lapho ubuciko be-mukimono babuye bathandwa amaqhawe angama-samurai, ayebusebenzisela ukuhlobisa izinkemba nezinye izikhali lapho ezibumba.

Imimese yabe isisetshenziselwa nokubaza ukudla. 

Ama-samurai ayezoba imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ensimbi yezikhali zawo, enze izingcezu zobuciko ezinhle neziyingqayizivele.

Lokhu kugqugquzele abapheki ukuthi baqophe ukudla ukuze kubukeke kukhanga kakhulu!

Ubuciko be-mukimono base bedluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, futhi umsebenzi wezandla uya ngokuya uthandwa. 

Phakathi nenkathi ye-Meiji (1868-1912), i-mukimono yamukelwa abapheki, abaqala ukuyisebenzisa ukuze benze imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yemifino nezithelo.

Lokhu kwabavumela ukuthi benze izitsha ezibukeka kahle ezazibukeka kahle futhi ezimnandi.

Esikhathini samanje, i-mukimono isiphenduke uhlobo lobuciko oludumile, olunabapheki nabaculi abaningi abayisebenzisayo ukuze benze imisebenzi yobuciko emangalisayo. 

Manje isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-sushi kuya kumasaladi, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-garnishes ayinkimbinkimbi.

Sekuphinde kwaduma nasekhaya, nabantu abaningi abayisebenzisayo ukwakha izingcezu ezinhle zobuciko obudliwayo.

I-Mukimono iye yavela eminyakeni edlule, nabapheki namaciko ahlala ezama amasu namathuluzi amasha. 

Namuhla, kungenzeka ukuthola anhlobonhlobo amathuluzi nempahla ye-mukimono, okuvumela noma ubani ukuthi enze izingcezu ezimangalisayo zobuciko obudliwayo.

Sekuphinde kwaduma emhlabeni wokuhlobisa ikhekhe, nabahlobisi abaningi bekhekhe basebenzisa i-mukimono ukuze bakhe imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhekhe namanye ama-dessert.

I-Mukimono isiyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaJapane, nabantu abaningi abayisebenzisayo ukuze bakhe izingcezu zobuciko ezinhle neziyingqayizivele.

Iwumsebenzi wezandla oye wadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi usaqhubeka ujatshulelwa abantu emhlabeni wonke.

Yikuphi ukudla okusetshenziselwa i-Mukimono?

I-mukimono ivame ukwenziwa ezithelweni, imifino nezinye izinhlanzi. 

Ukhukhamba, izaqathe, ama-eggplant, upelepele, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ithanga, u-anyanisi, nama-daikon radishes yimifino evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yobuciko ye-mukimono. 

Uma kuziwa esithelweni, amawolintshi afana nolamula namawolintshi, ikhabe, uphayinaphu, i-apula, ikhabe, nopopo avame ukusetshenziswa ngabapheki.

Umgomo wobuciko be-mukimono uwukudonsela ukunaka emibalabala nokuma kwesithelo noma imifino, kodwa futhi inikeza enye indlela yokwazisa ukunambitheka nephunga lazo.

Yiqiniso, awukwazi ukungawunaki umsebenzi oyinhloko wezithombe eziqoshiwe, okuyingxenye yazo yokuhlobisa ematafuleni nasemapuletini.

Ingabe i-Mukimono iyafana nokubaza izithelo?

Ukubaza izithelo kuwuhlobo lobuciko obuhlobene eduze ne-mukimono.

Kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kommese oqoshiwe wokuhlobisa ukwakha imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yezithelo nemifino. 

Imiklamo ingaba kusuka kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izimbali, amaqabunga, nezinye izimo.

Ukubaza izithelo kuyindlela ethandwayo yokuhlobisa ukudla ngezikhathi ezikhethekile futhi ngokuvamile kubonakala njengophawu lwesimo nengcebo.

Ukuqoshwa kwezithelo nakho kusetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto ezimaphakathi ezinhle zamatafula nokunye okuboniswayo.

Kodwa ukubaza izithelo akuveli eJapane futhi kwenziwa emhlabeni wonke.

I-Mukimono ihlukile ngoba abapheki baqopha amaphethini nezimo ezithile esithelweni. Akukhona nje ngezimbali noma amaqabunga. 

Esikhundleni salokho, izimo ezisetshenziselwa i-mukimono zihlukahlukene futhi zisukela ezimbalini ezilula ziye ezilwaneni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kanye nezindawo.

Izimo ezivamile zihlanganisa izimbali ze-cherry, izimfudu, onogwaja, izinhliziyo, nezinkanyezi.

Lezi zimpawu zibalulekile esikweni laseJapane (cabanga nje ngokubaluleka kwezimbali zama-cherry!)

Kukhona futhi isici sonyaka, futhi izithelo zonyaka zisetshenziswa njengendwangu ye-mukimono.

Izimo zivame ukusikwa esithelweni noma imifino kusetshenziswa ummese we-mukimono noma amanye amathuluzi okubaza.

Uma umumo ususikiwe, ungachazwa kabanzi nge-skewer noma elinye ithuluzi elincane lokwengeza ukuthungwa nencazelo.

Ingabe i-Mukimono iyafana nokuqoshwa kwemifino?

Ukuqopha imifino kuwuhlobo lwe-mukimono olubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kommese wokuhlobisa wokuhlobisa ukudala imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi emifino. 

Ukuqopha imifino kuyindlela ethandwayo yokuhlobisa ukudla ngezikhathi ezikhethekile futhi ngokuvamile kubonakala njengophawu lwesimo nengcebo. 

I-Mukimono iwuhlobo lokuqopha imifino, ngakho kokubili kufana ngokuyisisekelo.

I-mukimono yaseJapane isebenzisa izimo ezithile zesiJapane namaphethini njengamagagasi, izitshalo, izimbali, njll. 

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ukuqoshwa kwemifino kuyasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezinhle ezimaphakathi zamatafula nokunye okubukiswayo. 

EJapane, ukuqoshwa kwemifino kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi emifino efana nezaqathi, ama-daikon radishes, namakhukhamba.

Mukimono vs Moritsuke 

Ngenkathi i-Mukimono ingubuciko bokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa, i-Moritsuke empeleni ubuciko baseJapane bokuhlelwa kokudla kanye nokufakwa kokudla. 

Indlela yaseJapan yokucwenga noma ukukhombisa ukudla ibizwa ngeMoritsuke. Iso elibukhali nokunaka imininingwane kuyadingeka kulolu hlobo lobuciko kanye nesethi yezinkombandlela.

Ukudla kuvezwa ngokwesiko e-Japan ngendlela ebhalansisa umumo nemibala kuyilapho kukuhle ngobuhle.

Ungase ubone ukudla kubekwe ngendlela efana neNtaba iFuji noma iphethini yamagagasi. Lezi zitayela zokuhlela ziyingxenye ye-Moritssuke. 

Ngakho-ke ungasho ukuthi i-Mukimono empeleni iyingxenye ye-Moritssuke ngoba ukudla okuqoshiwe kuhlelwe kahle ematafuleni noma emapuletini, hhayi nje ukuvezwa ngokungahleliwe. 

Izimo ezikhethekile, amaphethini, nezitayela zokuhlela zilandelwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isethulo sokudla sijabulisa ngobuhle. 

Indlela yokwenza i-Mukimono?

Ukuze wenze i-mukimono, uzodinga ummese we-mukimono, ibhodi lokusika, nezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino. 

1. Qala ngokukhetha isithelo noma imifino efanele yokuqoshwa, njenge-daikon radish, i-apula, isanqante, noma ikhukhamba.
2. Khetha ithuluzi elifanele, elinjengommese we-mukimono noma isicweci semifino.
3. Sika ukwakheka okufunayo kusithelo noma imifino ngethuluzi olithandayo.
4. Engeza imininingwane nokuthungwa kumumo usebenzisa i-skewer, i-toothpick, noma elinye ithuluzi elincane.
5. Ekugcineni, hlela ukuhlobisa phezu kwesitsha noma isiphuzo ukuze ungeze ukukhanga okubonakalayo.

I-Mukimono iyindlela enhle yokwengeza ukuthinta okuyingqayizivele nokudala ezitsheni zakho.

Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, ungakha imiklamo emihle futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ezojabulisa izivakashi zakho.

Isiphetho

I-Mukimono iyindlela eyingqayizivele nethakazelisayo yokwenza imiklamo emihle neyinkimbinkimbi ekudleni.

Kuyindlela enhle yokujabulisa izivakashi zakho futhi wengeze ukuthinta kobuciko ekudleni kwakho. 

Besebenzisa insimbi ekhethekile engunxande enesihloko esibukhali, abapheki bangakwazi ukuqopha imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ezithelweni, imifino, inyama, ngisho nokudla kwasolwandle ukuze bahlabe umxhwele ngisho nabathengi abakhetheke kakhulu. 

Kodwa ngamathuluzi ambalwa alula nokuzijwayeza kancane, noma ubani angakha imiklamo emangalisayo ye-mukimono.

Konke kumayelana nokusebenzisa kahle ummese we-Mukimono kanye namakhono ambalwa ommese waseJapane.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.