Kodi umami flavour ndi chiyani? Kukoma kwamatsenga kwachisanu kunalongosola

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 27, 2021

Ngati mumva mawu akuti umami, mwina mukunena za chakudya cha ku Japan. Zakudya monga soya, msuzi wa nsomba, dashi, msuzi wa bowa zitha kufotokozedwa kuti zili ndi kukoma kwa umami.

Umami amatanthauza "kukoma kokoma kapena kukoma kokoma". Ngakhale kuti linapezedwa zaka zapitazo, mawuwa sanatchukebe choncho Kumadzulo.

Zotsatira zake, mwina simudzamva anthu akugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa kunja kwa Japan. Ndi chifukwa chakuti linapezeka ndi wasayansi wa ku Japan kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 20.

Ku Japan, umami amatanthauza kukoma kwachisanu, komwe kumadziwika kuti savory, komwe kumachokera ku glutamate. Sizotsekemera kapena zamchere, zowawasa kapena zowawa, koma zina zonse palimodzi. Umami ndi wolemera, ngati nyama ndi msuzi.

Mu positi iyi, ndikambirana zinthu zonse umami, zomwe zakudya zili nazo, momwe mungawonjezere pazakudya zanu, komanso ndikuuzeni mbiri yachidule ya kupezeka kwake.

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Umami ndi chiyani?

Umami ndi chimodzi mwazokonda zisanu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zokoma.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kukoma kukhala kosiyana ndikuti simungathe kukonzanso kukomako posakaniza zokonda zina.

Kotero, mwachitsanzo, simungathe kupanga kukoma kokoma ngati musakaniza umami ndi mchere, kapena wowawasa ndi owawa. Umami ndi wosiyana ndi kukoma ndipo simungathe kubwereza zokomazi ndi zokonda zina.

Poyerekeza ndi zokonda zina zinayi (zotsekemera, zowawasa, zamchere, ndi zowawa), umami mwina ndi wofatsa kwambiri.

M’lingaliro lina, umami ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri koma kosaoneka bwino moti anthu ambiri akamadya samazizindikira.

Pamene muli nazo otentha dashi msuzi ndi Zakudyazi ndi ng'ombe yophika, mwina simudzawombedwa ndi kukoma kwake kosiyana. Koma, ngati muli ndi Goya (nkhaka yowawa kwambiri) mumadziwa kukoma kwake poyamba.

Mukadya chakudya cha umami, chimakhala ndi katsitsumzukwa kakang'ono kamene kamawonjezera malovu ndi kumveka kwa chizungulire pa lilime.

Zimasiyadi kuthirira mkamwa ndi kufuna zambiri mwa kusonkhezera denga la pakamwa panu ndi mmero.

Choncho, umami ndizosatheka kufotokoza pokhapokha mutalawa.

Koma, choyandikira kwambiri chomwe mungafikire pofotokoza ndikukoma. Kuti azindikire umami, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokometsera, osati zofanana ndi zomwe zimakoma kapena zamchere.

Nchiyani chimapangitsa chakudya umami?

Zonsezi zimakhudzana ndi chemistry, mankhwala, ndi amino acid.

Nanga umami flavour imachokera kuti?

Umami ndi zotsatira za mankhwala ndi amino acid.

Kukhalapo kwa glutamic acid (amino acid glutamate), kapena mankhwala otchedwa inosinate ndi guanylate amapereka chakudya kukoma kwa umami. Mankhwalawa ndi ma amino acid nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.

Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi glutamate kwambiri, monga dashi, amatchedwa umami. Umami uwu ndiwo maziko a zakudya zambiri zokoma za ku Japan.

Umami amawonjezera kukoma kosangalatsa ku chakudya komanso amachepetsa chilakolako kotero kuti umami amaonedwa kuti ndi wathanzi.

Zikaphatikizidwa ndi zokonda zina, zimapanga kukoma kozungulira bwino komwe kumapangitsa anthu kufuna zambiri.

Chifukwa chomwe zakudya za umami zimakhala zoledzeretsa ngati zakudya zofulumira za MSG ndikuti kukoma kwapaderaku kumapangitsa kuti zolandilira zanu zizilakalaka kutsekemera kwa umami.

Mmene umami umayenderana ndi zokonda zina monga zotsekemera, zowawasa, zamchere, ndi zowawa zimakhudza momwe chakudya chimakomera.

Umami ali ndi zinthu zitatu zosiyana

Popeza umami ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi ena, uli ndi zinthu zitatu:

1. Kukoma kwa umami kumafalikira pa lilime lanu lonse.
2. Kukoma kwa umami ndi kotalika kwambiri kuposa kotsekemera, kowawasa, mchere, kowawa.
3. Kudya chakudya chokoma cha umami kumapereka mkamwa.

N'chifukwa chiyani nyama imakula?

Nyama imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino cha zomwe umami amakonda.

Nyama isanatumizidwe kusitolo, imayamba kukalamba mwachibadwa. Nthawi zambiri nyama imakhala yopangidwa ndi mapuloteni, koma puloteniyi imakhala yosakoma.

Mapuloteni, komabe, amapangidwa ndi unyolo wautali kwambiri wa amino acid - 20 kukhala ndendende. Pafupifupi 15% mwa ma amino acid awa ndi glutamate. N’chifukwa chake nyamayo imakoma umami.

Pamene mapuloteni a nyama akusweka, amapatsa nyama kukoma kwake kosiyana ndi kosiyana.

Kodi umami umapezeka pati pa lilime?

Zoonadi, umami umapezeka pa lilime lanu. Mukameza ndi kutafuna zinthu zomwe zili ndi umami, lilime lanu limadziwitsa ubongo ndipo mudzamva kukoma kokoma.

Umami amayambitsa zokometsera (zolandilira) pa lilime lanu. Kenako, masambawo akazindikira umami, minyewayo imatumiza uthenga ku ubongo wanu.

Palinso mitsempha ndi zolandilira m'mimba mwanu ndipo izi zimatumiza muubongo wanu kuti zizindikire umami kudzera mu mitsempha ya vagus.

Umami umatani pa thupi?

Umami alibe zotsatira zoyipa mthupi. Sizokometsera ngati mchere zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtima ndi zina zaumoyo.

Lilime lanu likamamva kukoma kwa glutamate, limauza thupi kuti ladya mapuloteni.

Thupi likadzamva umami, limatulutsa malovu ndi kupanga timadziti tomwe timagayitsa chakudya m’thupi.

Chifukwa chiyani umami ndi wabwino kwambiri?

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe umami ndi wabwino kwambiri ndikuti umawongolera ndikuwonjezera kukoma kwa mbale iliyonse yomwe wawonjezeredwa.

Koma, mwina mumafunsanso chifukwa chiyani timakonda umami kwambiri?

Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni ndi madzi. Thupi la munthu limapanga zosachepera magalamu 40 a glutamate patsiku, motero timafunikira kuti tipulumuke.

Thupi mwachibadwa limalakalaka umami ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi denatured chifukwa limafuna kudzaza ma amino acid ake.

Chifukwa chake, musamadzimvere kuti ndinu wolakwa ngati mumalakalaka umami amalawa nthawi zonse, ndizabwinobwino. Ma amino acid ndi ofunika kwa thupi.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti mkaka wa m'mawere uli ndi ma glutamates ambiri - kuchulukitsa kakhumi kuposa mkaka wa ng'ombe? Chifukwa chake timaloledwa kulawa umami kuyambira kubadwa, timalakalaka tikakula.

Kodi umami ndi MSG ndi zofanana?

Masiku ano, opanga amawonjezera MSG ku chakudya kuti apatse kukoma kwa umami.

MSG (monosodium glutamate) ili ndi mbiri yoyipa ngati yopanda thanzi koma yodyedwa pang'ono, ndiyotetezeka.

MSG ilinso ndi amino acid yemweyo wotchedwa glutamate monga umami weniweni. Molekyu iyi imayendetsa zolandilira kukoma kwanu ndikupanga chakudya kukhala chokoma.

Kotero, inde, MSG ndi umami amalawa chimodzimodzi chifukwa ali ndi glutamic acid yemweyo koma kupeza umami kuchokera ku kombu mu dashi stock, mwachitsanzo, ndi wathanzi kuposa kudya mbale ya takeout yodzaza ndi MSG yowonjezeredwa.

Kodi umami ndi savory ndi zofanana?

Inde, umami ndi savory n'zofanana chifukwa umami amafotokozedwa bwino kuti ndi wokoma.

Izi zikutanthawuza kununkhira kolemera kwambiri, nyama. Kapenanso, zamasamba zimatha kufananiza kukoma ndi bowa ndi udzu wa m'nyanja (kombu).

Savory nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa kuti ndi yosiyana ndi yokoma ndi yamchere.

Kodi umami umasiyana bwanji ndi mchere?

Anthu nthawi zonse amafunsa kuti "kodi umami ndi mchere?" koma uku ndi kulingalira kolakwika.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti umami kwenikweni si mchere. Umami ndi mchere/sodium ndi zokonda ziwiri zosiyana. Zedi, zonsezi ndi chimodzi mwazokonda zisanu koma pali kusiyana.

Umami amatanthauza kumva kununkhira pomwe mchere umatanthawuza za sodium ndi zokometsera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium.

Mchere ndi sodium chloride pamene umami ndi glutamate. Kusiyana kwake ndikokoma.

Mchere ndi umami zimapangitsa kuti zakudya za ku Japan zizimveka mosiyana koma umami zimapatsa nyama kukoma kochuluka. Mumadziwa zomwe mchere umakoma komanso momwe umasinthira kukoma kwa mbale.

Kodi chitsanzo cha umami ndi chiyani? (Zakudya zapamwamba za umami)

Chabwino, ndiye umami ndi wokoma, koma ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimatengedwa ngati umami weniweni?

Chabwino, zakudya zambiri zimakhala ndi umami kapena umami kwathunthu.

Zakudya zokhala ndi zokometsera za umami kwambiri ndi izi:

• nyama
• nkhono
• nsomba
• nsomba zosungidwa (anchovies, sardines makamaka)
• msuzi wa nsomba
• msuzi wa soya
• kombu (kelp)
• katundu wa dashi
• bowa
• adyo
• msuzi wa oyisitara
• cheese
• tomato ndi ketchup
• hydrolyzed masamba mapuloteni
• msuzi wa oyisitara
• yisiti kuchotsa
• nandolo zobiriwira
• chimanga
• miso

Pali zakudya zambiri za umami, koma kwenikweni, chilichonse chokhala ndi glutamate chochuluka chimatchedwa umami. Zakudya zambiri za ku Japan zimakhala ndi zakudya zokoma za umami zomwe zimakusiyani mkamwa.

Momwe mungapezere kukoma kwa umami

Mutha kupeza kukoma kwa umami kuchokera ku zakudya zokometsera za umami monga kelp kapena zakudya zofufumitsa.

Koma, pamene mukuphika mungathe kuphatikizirapo zowonjezera za umami kuti chakudyacho chikhale chokoma.

Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zofufumitsa zomwe zili ndi umami wambiri monga miso paste, kapena tchizi wokalamba komanso wothira.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zokhala ndi umami monga kelp pophika supu. Kapena, onjezerani tomato ndi bowa pambali pa nyama.

Nyama yochiritsidwa ilinso ndi kukoma kwa umami komanso nyama zakale.

Mukhozanso kuwonjezera phala la anchovy, ketchup, kapena minced adyo ku supu, mphodza, ndi mbale zina zonse kuti mumve kukoma kwambiri umami.

Pomaliza, mutha kungowonjezera zokometsera za MSG ku chakudya. Idzayambitsa zolandilira pa lilime lanu ndikukupangitsani kumva kukoma kwa umami.

Nayi chakudya chokoma chokhala ndi PERFECT umami mix: Chinsinsi cha pasitala wafu ndi spaghetti ndi prawns

Kodi mungagule umami?

Inde, mutha kugula zakudya zina zomwe zimakupatsani kukoma kwa umami komwe mukufufuza.

Zokometsera zotchuka kwambiri zophika ndi MSG.

The Ajinomoto Umami Seasoning ndi zokometsera wamba ku Japan ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu takeout mbale monga Teriyaki nkhuku kupatsa mbaleyo fungo lokoma.

Zokometsera izi zimagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Ngakhale pali mikangano yambiri ngati MSG ndiyabwino kwa inu kapena ayi, mutha kuigwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndichifukwa chake idavomerezedwa ndi FDA.

Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza ufa wa MSG womwe Kikunae Ikeda adapanga (zambiri pamunsimu), mutha kugula maphala ndi ma ufa omwe amakupatsirani kukoma kwa umami.

Takii Umami Powder ndi zokometsera zapadera za umami zopangidwa kuchokera ku bowa wa shiitake. Ndiwolemera mu glutamate ndipo imapatsa chakudya kukoma koyenera komanso kofunikira kokoma.

Umami paste ndi njira ina yopatsa mbale zanu kukoma kwa umami. Ndiwolemera mu glutamate ndipo amatha kupangidwa kunyumba kuchokera ku miso, nyanja zamchere, azitona, anchovies, ndi tchizi ta Parmesan, zonse zosakanikirana.

Ndikukonda kugwiritsa ntchito Kulawani #5 Umami Paste Laura Santini zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tomato.

Mukhozanso kugula zenizeni kombu dashi stock, yomwe imakhalanso ndi glutamate yambiri kuchokera ku nyanja zam'madzi.

Imakoma umami ndipo imapatsa supu ndi Zakudyazi kukoma kokoma kodabwitsa komanso kwamchere. Ufa wa kombu dashi uwu ndi wabwino kuphika supu ndi masamba obiriwira a umami.

Yondu Vegetable Umami ndi msuzi wopangira zokometsera ku mbewu, woyeneranso anthu omwe amadya masamba komanso amadya nyama.

Ndiye, pali tingachipeze powerenga Msuzi wa soya wa Kikkoman zomwe anthu ambiri amazidziwa.

Zimagwirizana bwino ndi nyama, nsomba, masamba, mpunga, Zakudyazi, ndi Zakudyazi ngakhale mbale zokazinga kwambiri. Amapereka kukoma koyambirira kwa savory glutamate.

Werengani zambiri za mtundu wotchuka wa Kikkoman ndi ma sauces ake apa.

Njira ina yosavuta yowonjezera umami ndikugwiritsa ntchito ketchup ngati chowonjezera pazakudya zanu. The Ketchup ya Tomato Yabwino Kwambiri ndi mtundu wabotolo wathanzi wokhala ndi zosakaniza zopanda GMO komanso zopanda gluten.

Ngakhale miso paste imatengedwa ngati umami chifukwa imapangidwa ndi soya wothira. Zimawonjezera kukoma kwa mbale zaku Japan. Zimakoma, zotsekemera, zowawasa, zamchere, komanso zokoma zonse mwakamodzi.

Werengani zonse za pamwamba 5 miso pastes kwa zokometsera za umami.

Ndi chakudya chiti chomwe chili ndi umami kwambiri?

Umami amapezeka muzakudya zonse padziko lonse lapansi, osati chabe Zakudya zaku Japan.

Ndikuganiza kuti mudzadabwa kudziwa kuti chakudya chomwe chimakhala chokoma kwambiri ndi tomato. Tomato onse makamaka wouma tomato ndi wolemera kwambiri wa glutamate ndipo ali ndi kununkhira kwakukulu.

Zakudya zina za umami ndizo:

• anchovies
• adachiritsa ham
• Parmesan tchizi
• udzu wanyanja
• tchizi chofufumitsa
• Msuzi wa Worcestershire
• zakudya zachikhalidwe
• bowa

Kodi chakudya chimakhala bwanji umami?

Kodi mumadziwa kuti zigawo zazakudya zimatha kukhala umami wochulukirapo pambuyo pakucha kapena kupesa, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Ndicho chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kuti zosakaniza zodziwika bwino komanso zokometsera zachikhalidwe ndizo zomwe zafufumitsa.

Zokometsera monga miso paste, msuzi wa nsomba, msuzi wa oyster, ndi msuzi wa soya zimawonjezera kukoma kwawo pakapita nthawi. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso za tchizi zakale zomwe zilinso ndi zokometsera.

Kodi avocado umami?

Mapeyala ndi chimodzi mwazakudya zopatsa thanzi. Koma mumadziwa kuti avocado ndi umami?

Inde, ili ndi glutamate komanso kukoma kokoma, motero ndi umami wokongola kwambiri.

Avocado imakhalanso yathanzi komanso chakudya chapamwamba chifukwa imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri opatsa thanzi. Amapangidwa ndi oleic acid, potaziyamu, ndi mavitamini B, C, E & K.

Ndani anapeza umami?

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti umami adapezeka zaka mazana ambiri, koma ayi.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti umami adapezeka liti, mudzadabwa kudziwa kuti kunali koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.

Ndipotu umami anapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri.

In 1907, wasayansi Kikunae Ikeda a ku Imperial University of Tokyo anapeza umami. Anali kuphunzira za kukoma ndi mankhwala a kelp, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga supu.

Pulofesa Kikunae Ikeda anazindikira kukoma kwake komwe kumagwirizanitsa zakudya zambiri koma sanathe kuziyika m'magulu omwe amakoma, owawasa, amchere, kapena owawa.

Motero, anapeza kukoma kwa umami kwatsopano kumeneku, kukoma kwachisanu, pofufuza zinthu za m’zakudya.

Ataphunzira za msuzi ndi supu za mkazi wake, anapeza zimenezo udzu wanyanja munali zokometsera za umami. Motero anatha kuzindikira glutamic acid monga amino acid amene amachititsa umami mu 1908.

Koma, ndi posachedwapa, pamene umami analengezedwa kuti ndi gawo lachisanu la kukoma kwa munthu. M’zaka za m’ma 1980, dziko la Japan linaona kuti umami ndi wokoma, wowawasa, wamchere, ndi wowawa.

Kupangidwa kwa umami zokometsera

Kukoma kwa Umami kunali kotchuka komanso kokondedwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ku Japan. Choncho, pulofesa Ikeda ankafuna kupanga zokometsera zapadera za umami zomwe anthu angagwiritse ntchito pophika.

Anayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti glutamic acid ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zokometsera zina monga mchere ndi shuga. Ankafuna kuti zokometserazo zikhale zosungunuka m'madzi ndi kukana chinyezi ndikupewa kulimba pakapita nthawi.

Pulofesayo adabwera ndi monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Izi zinali ndi umami wamphamvu komanso kukoma kokoma ndipo zinkasungidwa bwino m'mabotolo. Posakhalitsa, MSG idakhala zokometsera zodziwika bwino muzakudya zaku Japan.

Tengera kwina

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kuti umami kwenikweni ndi chakudya chilichonse chokoma, mutha kuyesa kuchizindikira m'mbale zanu. Kukoma kwa glutamate sikungafanane ndi zokonda zina zinayi zofunika.

Mukakulitsa zokonda zanu kuti muzindikire izi ngati chimodzi mwazokonda zisanu zoyambirira, mudzazindikira chifukwa chake zakudya zina zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuposa zina.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mutha kupanga phala lanu la umami kapena kugwiritsa ntchito dashi stock kuti mulowetse maphikidwe ndi kukoma kwa umami kunyumba.

Komanso phunzirani za Kukoma kwapadera kwa Takoyaki, kusiyanasiyana kwa makonda & malingaliro odzaza

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.