Ziziphi iincasa zoumami? Incasa yesihlanu yomlingo ichaziwe
Ukuba uva igama elithi umami, mhlawumbi uthetha ngokutya kwaseJapan. Ukutya okufana nesoya, isosi yentlanzi, idashi, umhluzi wekhowa kunokuchazwa njengokunencasa yeumami.
Umami uthetha “incasa emnandi emnandi okanye incasa”. Nangona lafunyanwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, eli gama alikathandwa kangako eNtshona.
Ngenxa yoko, awusayi kuva abantu basebenzisa eli gama ngaphandle kwaseJapan. Kungenxa yokuba yafunyanwa sisazinzulu saseJapan ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
EJapan, umami ubhekisa kwincasa yesihlanu, eyaziwa ngokuba yincasa, evela kwiglutamate. Ayiyoswiti okanye ityuwa, imuncu okanye ikrakra, kodwa yenye into ngokupheleleyo. Umami utyebile, ufana nenyama nomhluzi.
Kule posi, ndiza kuxoxa ngazo zonke izinto umami, kukutya okukuquletheyo, ukuba ungayongeza njani kwisidlo sakho, kwaye ndikuxelele nembali emfutshane yokufunyanwa kwayo.
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Yintoni umami?
I-Umami yenye yezinto ezintlanu zokungcamla ezisisiseko ezaziwa ngokuba kukutya okunencasa.
Yintoni eyenza incasa yahluke kukuba awukwazi ukuphinda wenze incasa ngokuxuba ezinye izinto ezicatshulweyo.
Ngoko ke, umzekelo, awukwazi ukwenza incasa eswiti ukuba uxuba i-umami netyuwa, okanye umuncu nobukrakra. U-Umami uhlukile kwincasa kwaye awukwazi ukuphinda oku kumnandi kunye nezinye izinto ezithandayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezine ezisisiseko (eziswiti, ezimuncu, ezinetyuwa, nezikrakra), iumami isenokuba yeyona ithambileyo.
Ngandlel’ ithile, umami yincasa emnandi kakhulu kodwa echuliweyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingabonwa ngabantu abaninzi xa usitya.
Xa unayo umhluzi wedashi oshushu onee-noodles kunye nenyama yenkomo ebilisiweyo, mhlawumbi awuyi kubethwa ngumoya ngencasa yayo eyahlukileyo. Kodwa, ukuba uneGoya ekrakra kakhulu (ikhukhamba ekrakra) uya kuyazi incasa ekuqaleni.
Xa utya ukutya kwe-umami, kuba ne-aftertaste epholileyo eyenza ukuba i-salivation ibonakale kwaye ivakale ngolwimi.
Ngokwenene ushiya umlomo-unkcenkceshelo kwaye ufuna ngakumbi ngokuvuselela uphahla lomlomo wakho kunye nomqala.
Ke, umami eneneni awunakukwazi ukuchaza ngaphandle kokuba uyangcamla.
Kodwa, eyona nto ikufutshane onokuyifumana ekuyichazeni bubumnandi. Ukubona i-umami, kusetyenziswa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungcamla, ezingafaniyo nezo zinencasa eswiti okanye enetyuwa.
Yintoni eyenza ukutya umami?
Konke kunento yokwenza nekhemikhali, iikhompawundi, kunye neeamino acid.
Ke, ivela phi umami flavour?
I-Umami sisiphumo se-compounds kunye ne-amino acids.
Ubukho be-glutamic acid (i-amino acid glutamate), okanye iikhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-inosinate kunye ne-guanylate zinika ukutya incasa ye-umami. Ezi khompawundi kunye ne-amino acids zidla ngokufumaneka kukutya okuneprotheyini ephezulu.
Ukutya okunomxholo ophezulu we-glutamate, njengaye dashi, zigqalwa njengamami. Esi sitokhwe seumami sisisiseko sezidlo ezininzi zaseJapan ezinencasa.
U-Umami wongeza incasa enika umdla ekutyeni kwaye ukwanciphisa umdla wokutya ukuze ukutya kwe-umami kuthathwe njengokusempilweni.
Xa idityaniswe nezinye izinto ezithandwayo, yenza incasa entle ejikelezileyo egcina abantu befuna ngakumbi.
Isizathu sokuba kutheni ukutya kwe-umami kulukhoboka njengokutya okukhawulezayo okunencasa ye-MSG kukuba le ncasa ikhethekileyo yenza ukuba ii-receptors zakho zencasa zinqwenele ngakumbi ukumnandi kwe-umami.
Indlela i-umami elungelelaniswe ngayo kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko ezifana neswiti, ezimuncu, ezinetyuwa, nezikrakra ziya kuba nefuthe kwindlela esinencasa ngayo isitya.
Umami uneempawu ezi-3 ezahlukileyo
Kuba i-umami inencasa eyahlukileyo kwabanye, ineempawu ezi-3 ezithile:
- Incasa yomami isasazeka kulo lonke ulwimi lwakho.
- I-aftertaste ye-umami ide kakhulu kuneswiti, emuncu, enetyuwa, ekrakra.
- Ukutya i-umami-flavored dish inika imvakalelo emnandi.
Kutheni inyama umami?
Inyama inencasa etyebileyo kwaye ithathwa njengophawu olukhulu lwencasa yeumami.
Phambi kokuba inyama ithunyelwe ukuba ithengiswe evenkileni, iye iguga ngokwendalo. Inyama yenziwe kakhulu ngeprotheyini, kodwa le proteni ayinancasa.
Iprotheyini, nangona kunjalo, yenziwe yitsheyini elide ngokwenene le-amino acids - 20 ukuba ichaneke. Malunga ne-15% yezi amino acids yiglutamate. Yiyo loo nto inyama inencasa umami.
Njengoko iprotheni yenyama idiliza, inika inyama incasa yayo ethile kunye neyohlukileyo.
Umami ubhaqwe phi ngolwimi?
Ewe, umami ubhaqwe elulwimini lwakho. Xa uginya kwaye uhlafuna izinto ezine-umami, ulwimi lwakho lwazisa ingqondo kwaye uya kuziva loo ncasa imnandi.
I-Umami yenza i-taste buds (izamkeli) kulwimi lwakho. Emva koko, xa i-buds ifumene i-umami, imithambo-luvo ithumela imiqondiso engqondweni yakho.
Kukwakho nemithambo-luvo kunye nee-receptors esiswini sakho kwaye ezi zithumela imiqondiso yobuchopho bakho ukuba zibhaqe i-umami nge-vagus nerve.
Wenza ntoni umami emzimbeni?
Umami akanazo naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi ngokwenene emzimbeni. Ayingonongo njengetyuwa enokubangela izifo zentliziyo kunye neminye imiba yezempilo.
Xa i-taste buds yolwimi lwakho iva i-glutamate, ixelela umzimba ukuba idle iprotheni.
Xa umzimba emva koko uziva i-umami, ibangela ukuba izinkcwe kunye nokuveliswa kwencindi yokwetyisa eyenza kube lula ukuba umzimba ukutyise ukutya.
Kutheni umami ulunge kangaka?
Isizathu esona sizathu sokuba i-umami ilungile kukuba iphucula kwaye iphucula i-flavour yaso nasiphi na isidlo esongezwa kuso.
Kodwa, mhlawumbi uyabuza ukuba kutheni simthanda kangaka umami?
Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngeprotheyini namanzi. Umzimba womntu uvelisa ubuncinci be-40 grams ye-glutamate ngosuku, ngoko siyayifuna ukuze siphile.
Umzimba unqwenela i-umami kunye neprotheyini ye-denatured kuba ufuna ukuphinda ugcwalise ubonelelo lwe-amino acid.
Ngoko ke, musa ukuziva unetyala ukuba unqwenela ukuba umami incasa ngalo lonke ixesha, yinto eqhelekileyo. Ii-amino acids zibalulekile kumzimba.
Ubusazi na ukuba ubisi lwebele lunee-glutamates ezininzi – ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunobisi lwenkomo? Ke simiselwe ukuba singcamle umami ukusukela ekuzalweni, siyayinqwenela ebudaleni.
Ngaba umami kunye ne-MSG ziyafana?
Kwezi ntsuku, abavelisi bongeza iMSG ekutyeni ukuze bayinike incasa yeumami.
I-MSG (i-monosodium glutamate) inegama elibi kakhulu njengengenampilo kodwa idliwe ngamanani amancinci, ikhuselekile.
I-MSG ikwaqulethe i-amino acid efanayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamate njenge-umami yokwenene. Le molekyuli ivula i-receptors yakho yokungcamla kwaye yenza ukutya kube mnandi.
Ke, ewe, i-MSG kunye ne-umami incasa efanayo kuba iqulethe i-asidi ye-glutamic efanayo kodwa ukufumana umami kwikombu kwisitokhwe sedashi, umzekelo, usempilweni kunokutya isitya sokukhupha esigcwele i-MSG eyongezelelweyo.
Ngaba i-umami kunye ne-savory ziyafana?
Ewe, umami kunye nesavory ziyafana kuba umami uchazwa kakuhle njengonencasa.
Oku kubhekisa kwincasa etyebileyo, enenyama. Kungenjalo, iivegans zinokuthelekisa incasa namakhowa kunye nokhula lwaselwandle (kombu).
I-Savory isoloko ichazwa njengento echasene neswiti kunye netyuwa.
Umami wahluke njani kwityuwa?
Abantu basoloko bebuza ukuba “umami unetyuwa nje?” kodwa le yingcinga engachanekanga.
Inyaniso yeyokuba umami ayisiyotyuwa. Umami kunye netyuwa/sodium zizincasa ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, zombini yenye yezinto ezintlanu ezisisiseko kodwa kukho umahluko.
I-Umami ibhekisa kwimvakalelo yobumnandi ngelixa ityuwa ibhekisa kwisodium kunye neencasa ezithile ezinxulumene nesodium.
Ityuwa yi-sodium chloride ngelixa i-umami i-glutamate. Umahluko yincasa.
Zombini ityuwa kunye neumami zenza ukuba ukutya kwaseJapan kube nencasa eyahlukileyo kodwa umami ukunika inyama eninzi, incasa etyebileyo enzulu. Uyazi ukuba ityuwa inencasa njani kwaye iyitshintsha njani incasa yesitya.
Nguwuphi umzekelo womamami? (Ukutya okuphezulu umami)
Kulungile, i-umami imnandi, kodwa kukuphi ukutya okuthathwa njenge-umami yokwenyani?
Ewe, ukutya okuninzi kuqulethe izinto ze-umami okanye i-umami ngokupheleleyo.
Ukutya okunencasa yeumami eyomeleleyo kubandakanya:
- inyama
- igobolondo
- Intlanzi
- intlanzi egciniweyo (i-anchovies, iisardines ngakumbi)
- isosi yentlanzi
- isosi yesoyi
- ikombu (kelp)
- isitokhwe sedashi
- amakhowe
- igalikhi
- isosi ye-oyster
- ushizi
- iitumato kunye neketchup
- iprotheni yemifuno ene-hydrolyzed
- isosi ye-oyster
- igwele isicatshulwa
- iipayi eziluhlaza
- umbona
- miso
Kukho ukutya okuninzi kwe-umami, kodwa ngokusisiseko, nantoni na enomxholo ophezulu we-glutamate ingabizwa ngokuthi umami. Ukutya okuninzi kwaseJapan kuqulethe izitya ezimnandi ezinencasa yeumami ezizokushiya unkcenkceshela umlomo.
Indlela yokufumana incasa yeumami
Unokufumana incasa ye-umami kukutya okunencasa ye-umami okufana ne-kelp okanye ukutya okubilisiweyo.
Kodwa, xa upheka ungabandakanya izithako ze-umami ezininzi ukuphucula incasa yokutya.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza oku kukusebenzisa ukutya okubilisiweyo okunomxholo ophezulu we-umami ofana ne-miso paste, okanye itshizi endala kunye negwele.
Ungasebenzisa ukutya okutyebileyo kwe-umami njenge-kelp xa upheka isuphu. Okanye, yongeza iitumato kunye namakhowa ecaleni kwenyama.
Inyama ephilisiweyo ikwazele yincasa yeumami ngokunjalo nenyama esele ikhulile.
Ungongeza kwakhona i-anchovy paste, i-ketchup, okanye igalikhi egayiweyo kwisuphu, isityu, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izitya ukwenza incasa ngakumbi umami.
Okokugqibela, unokongeza nje i-MSG ecocekileyo yokutya. Iya kuvula ii-receptors zokungcamla kulwimi lwakho kwaye ikwenze uzive yonke into emnandi umami.
Nasi isitya esimnandi esinomxube we-umami OPHELELEYO: Iresiphi ye-pasta ye-Wafu kunye ne-spaghetti kunye neeprawns
Ungathenga umami?
Ewe, ungathenga ukutya okuthile okukunika loo ncasa umami uyikhangelayo.
Eyona ndlela yokupheka ethandwa kakhulu yi-MSG.
The Ajinomoto Umami Seasoning sisinongo esiqhelekileyo esivela eJapan kwaye sisetyenziswa kwizitya zokukhupha ezifana Teriyaki inkukhu ukunika isitya ukuba ivumba elikhobokisayo emlonyeni.
Esi sinongo sithengiswa ngohlobo lomgubo. Ngelixa kukho iingxoxo ezininzi zokuba i-MSG ayilunganga kuwe okanye ayilunganga, ungayisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokumodareyitha yiyo loo nto ivunyiwe yi-FDA.
Ke, ngaphandle komgubo we-MSG owaqanjwa nguKikunae Ikeda (ngaphezulu koku kungezantsi), ungathenga iipastes kunye nomgubo okunika incasa yeumami.
Takii Umami Powder sisinongo esikhethekileyo seumami esenziwe ngamakhowa eshiitake. Ityebile kwi-glutamate kwaye inika ukutya incasa eyinyani kunye nesisiseko sobumnandi.
I-Umami paste yenye inketho yokunika izitya zakho i-umami-rich flavour. Ityebile kwi-glutamate kwaye inokwenziwa ekhaya ukusuka kwi-miso, i-seaweed, iminquma, i-anchovies, kunye ne-parmesan ushizi, zonke zidityaniswe kunye.
Ndiyathanda ukusebenzisa Ukungcamla #5 Umami Cola uLaura Santini eyenziwe ngeetumato.
Unako kwakhona ukuthenga real kombu dashi stock, ekwaphezulu kwi-glutamate evela kwi-seaweed.
Iyangcamla umami kwaye inika isuphu kunye nezitya zenoodle incasa emnandi nenetyuwa. Le kombu dashi powder ilungile ekuphekeni isuphu etyebileyo yeumami kunye nemihluzi.
Yondu Vegetable Umami sisinongo esisekwe kwisityalo, silungele abantu abatya imifuno kunye nemifuno.
Emva koko, kukho i-classic Isosi yesoya yeKikkoman nto leyo abantu abaninzi abayaziyo.
Idibanisa kakuhle kunye nenyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, imifuno, irayisi, i-noodles, kunye nezitya eziqhotsiweyo. Ibonelela ngencasa esisiseko ye-glutamate emnandi.
funda ngakumbi malunga negama elidumileyo leKikkoman kunye neesosi zalo apha.
Enye indlela elula yokongeza umami kukusebenzisa i-ketchup njengento yokuthambisa ekutyeni kwakho. I Iketchup yeTomato eNgqwesileyo yinguqulelo yebhotile enempilo enezithako ezingenayo i-GMO kunye ne-gluten-free.
Nkqu nemiso paste ithathwa njengomami kuba yenziwe ngeembotyi zesoya ezivundisiweyo. Yongeza incasa enkulu kwizitya zaseJapan. Inencasa ehlabayo, eswiti, emuncu, enetyuwa, kwaye inencasa ngaxeshanye.
Funda konke malunga ne phezulu 5 miso intlama kwi-umami-rich flavour.
Kukuphi ukutya okunona umami kakhulu?
Umami ukhona kuko konke ukutya kwihlabathi liphela, hayi nje Ukutya kwaseJapan.
Ndicinga ukuba uya kumangaliswa kukwazi ukuba ukutya okunencasa eninzi yeumami ziitumato. Zonke iitumato kunye neetumato ezomisiweyo ngakumbi zityebile kakhulu kwaye zinencasa enkulu.
Okunye ukutya kwe-umami kubandakanya:
- ii-anchvies
- uphilise i-ham
- Iparmesan ushizi
- ingca yolwandle
- itshizi enegwele
- I-Worcestershire sauce
- ukutya okukhuliswayo
- amakhowe
Ukutya kuba ngumami njani?
Ngaba ubusazi ukuba amacandelo okutya anokuba yi-umami ngakumbi emva kokungena kwinkqubo yokuvuthwa okanye ukuvutshelwa, okanye zombini.
Yiyo loo nto ingamangalisi into yokuba ezona zithako zaziwa kakhulu nezinencasa yemveli zezo zivundisiweyo.
Iicondiments ezifana ne-miso paste, isosi yentlanzi, isosi yeoyster, kunye nesosi yesoya zongeza incasa zazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kunokutshiwo okufanayo malunga nesonka samasi esisele sikhulile ekwanezithako ezikhuliswayo.
Ngaba iavokhado umami?
Iiavokhado kokona kutya kusempilweni. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba iavokhado ikwangumami?
Ewe, ine-glutamate kunye nencasa emnandi, ngenxa yoko intle kakhulu umami.
Iavokhado ikwasempilweni kwaye ikutya okugqwesileyo kuba inamafutha anezondlo eziphezulu. Yenziwe nge-oleic acid, i-potassium, kunye neevithamini B, C, E & K.
Ngubani ofumene umami?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba umami wafunyanwa kwiinkulungwane, kodwa hayi.
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ufunyenwe nini umami, uya kumangaliswa ukwazi ukuba kwakusekuqaleni kwee-1900s.
Ngapha koko, umami wafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 emva kophando oluninzi.
In Ngowe-1907, isazinzulu uKikunae Ikeda kwiYunivesithi yaseImperial yaseTokyo yafumanisa umami. Wayefunda iincasa kunye neekhompawundi zekelp, ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza isitokhwe sesuphu.
Unjingalwazi uKikunae Ikeda uye waphawula ukuba kukho incasa emnandi enxulumanisa ukutya okuninzi kodwa akazange akwazi ukuyihlela kakuhle into enencasa eswiti, emuncu, enetyuwa okanye ekrakra.
Ngaloo ndlela, wafumanisa le umami incasa entsha, incasa yesihlanu, xa ehlola izinto ekutyeni.
Emva kokufunda umhluzi neesuphu zomfazi wakhe, wafumanisa ukuba ingca yolwandle iqulathe incasa ze umami. Ngaloo ndlela wakwazi ukuchonga i-glutamic acid njenge-amino acid ejongene ne-umami ngo-1908.
Kodwa, kwakutsha nje, xa i-umami yabhengezwa incasa yomntu yesihlanu esemthethweni. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, iJapan yabona iumami njengencasa eyahlukileyo kweswiti, emuncu, enetyuwa, nekrakrayo.
Ukuveliswa kweumami isinongo
Umami incasa yayithandwa kakhulu kwaye ithandwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eJapan. Ke ngoko, unjingalwazi u-Ikeda wayefuna ukwenza isinongo esikhethekileyo seumami esinokusetyenziswa ngabantu ekuphekeni.
Kwakufuneka aqinisekise ukuba i-glutamic acid ineempawu ezifanayo kwezinye izinongo ezifana netyuwa kunye neswekile. Wayefuna ukuba isinongo sinyibilike emanzini kwaye sixhathise ukufuma kwaye siphephe ukuqina ngexesha.
Unjingalwazi weza ne monosodium glutamate (MSG).
Le ineumami eyomeleleyo kunye nencasa enencasa kwaye yayigcinwe kakuhle ezibhotileni. Ngexesha elifutshane, i-MSG yaba sisinongo esidumileyo kwizitya zaseJapan.
Yise kude
Ngoku uyazi ukuba umami ngokusisiseko kuko nakuphi na ukutya okunencasa emnandi, ungaqala uzame ukuyichonga ezityeni zakho. Incasa ye-glutamate ngokwenene ayinakuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezine ezisisiseko.
Nje ukuba uphuhlise i-taste buds yakho ukuchonga oku njengenye yezinto ezintlanu ezisisiseko, uya kuqonda ukuba kutheni ezinye ukutya zingcono kakhulu kunezinye.
Eyona nto intle kukuba unokwenza eyakho incama yeumami okanye usebenzise isitokhwe sedashi ukufaka iiresiphi ngencasa yeumami ekhaya.
Funda kwakhona malunga Incasa ekhethekileyo ka-Takoyaki, ukwahluka kwe-flavour kunye nokuzalisa izimvo
Jonga incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka
Iiresiphi zosapho zikaBitemybun ezinesicwangciso esipheleleyo sokutya kunye nesikhokelo seresiphi.
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Funda simahla
UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uthanda ukuzama ukutya okutsha ngokutya kwaseJapan entliziyweni yomnqweno wakhe, kwaye kunye neqela lakhe ebesenza amanqaku anzulu ebhlog ukusukela ngo2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo kunye neeresiphi kunye neengcebiso zokupheka.
