Izinhlobo ezingu-14 zezinhlanzi ze-sushi ezivamile + ezingcono kakhulu ezi-1 ukuze zikhiphe ezinye emanzini

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kuvuselelwe ngoJulayi 31, 2022

Cishe yonke isamba esikhulu sezinto eziphila olwandle ngaphansi kolwandle iphephile ukuze isetshenziswe abantu; Nokho, akuzona zonke ezidliwayo uma ziluhlaza.

Nakuba ukudla inhlanzi eluhlaza kusanda kuba yimfashini emazweni aseNtshonalanga engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulunyaka, sushi kanye nezitsha ze-sashimi zibuyela emuva ekhulwini le-15 AD eJapane.

Uma uhlela ukwenza i-sushi ekhaya noma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi uzo-oda ini, lolu hlu lwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziphezulu ze-sushi olwakho!

Izitsha eziningi ze-sushi zilula kakhulu (okungukuthi, i-sushi, i-sashimi, i-crudo, i-poke, ne-tartar) futhi konke kuncike endleleni yokusika izinhlanzi ze-sushi kanye nekhwalithi yezinhlanzi.

Kunesizathu sokuthile okuthiwa izinhlanzi ezisezingeni le-sushi izitholele sonke isigaba sekhwalithi yezinhlanzi ngokwayo. Kubalulekile ukuthola ucezu olufanele lwenhlanzi ye-sushi yekhwalithi noma Sashimi.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

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Iyiphi inhlanzi engcono kakhulu yokwenza i-sushi?

I-tuna noma "i-Maguro" inhlanzi engcono kakhulu sushi ngoba inokuqukethwe okunamafutha amaningi okwenza inothe futhi ibe mnandi. I-tuna futhi iyinhlanzi engabizi kakhulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abasebenzisa isabelomali.

Ngingakwazi ukwenza i-sushi ngenhlanzi esitolo?

Noma iyiphi inhlanzi evela esitolo izokwenza ukwenza i-sushi yenhlanzi ephekiwe, kodwa uma ufuna ukwenza i-sushi yenhlanzi eluhlaza, kufanele iqandiswe phakathi -20 C kanye -35 C amahora angaphezu kuka-24 ukuze izilokazane zingakwazi ukuphila. Izitolo ezikhethekile zisebenzisa amalebula afana ne-"sushi-grade", "sashimi-grade", noma "ukusetshenziswa okungavuthiwe".

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza i-sushi

Ukukusiza wenze i-sushi ne-sashimi ehamba phambili, sihlanganise uhlu lwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihamba phambili nokudla kwasolwandle.

Ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukwenza amaphutha lapho ulungisa izitsha ngenyama yenhlanzi eluhlaza, zonke izinqumo zakho kufanele zibe zilungile futhi zinembile.

Qhubeka ufunde ngezansi bese uthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle okufanele uzikhethe ukwenza izitsha ze-sushi ezimnandi neziphephile.

I-Maguro マ グ ロ (Tuna)

Ukweqa - le tuna isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-cuisine yaseJapan futhi yaziwa endaweni ngokuthi "katsuo". Abapheki be-sushi basebenzisa i-skipjack tuna ukwenza i-sushi ne-sashimi, engase futhi inikezwe isomisiwe (isidlo sasendaweni esibizwa nge-katsuo taki).

Kuphinde kube isithako esibalulekile ekwenzeni dashi isobho stock, kanye ne-shuto.

I-Yellowfin - lolu hlobo lwe-tuna luvame ukutholakala olwandle olushisayo nolwandle olushisayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ezimakethe zezinhlanzi, ibhalwe futhi idayiselwa abadayisi bezinhlanzi ngokuthi “i-sushi-grade,” “sashimi-grade,” kanye “nokunye.”

Albacore – lolu hlobo lwe-tuna aluhlali emanzini ashisayo azungeze i-Japan, futhi kwaze kwaba yilapho kuthuthukiswa ukuhanjiswa kwezindawo zokudoba, akuzange kutholakale kumaresiphi amaningi e-sushi kuze kube muva nje.

Abapheki be-Sushi nabo ekuqaleni babemanqikanqika ukuyisebenzisela i-sushi noma i-sashimi njengoba inyama yayo ephaphathekile nethambile yayifana nezinhlanzi ze-tuna ezindala, naphezu kwamalungiselelo abadobi ukuyigcina iyintsha futhi iseqhweni.

iso elikhulu – ihle kakhulu nge-sashimi, i-bigeye tuna ine-flavour ephinyiswe ngokusesilinganisweni, isamba esihle samafutha (kuhlanganise nama-omega fatty acids), futhi inambitheka kangcono kuneyellowfin.

Inyama ye-tuna ye-Bigeye inkulu futhi ishwabene; ukuthungwa kwenyama kuqinile futhi. Ungasebenzisa futhi le tuna ukwenza i-sushi.

Kuhle – isihlobo esiseduze sezinhlanzi ze-tuna, i-bonito incane uma iqhathaniswa nomzala wayo futhi itholakala kuphela ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo nezasehlobo.

Bambalwa abantu abakwazi ukumelana nephunga elinamandla lale nhlanzi, yingakho iwukudla okungavamile, ngisho nasezindaweni zokudlela ze-sushi.

Ukwenza Bonito I-sushi ingaba inselele, njengoba kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi isha ngo-99.99%. Uma kungenjalo, izovele yonakale cishe ngokushesha nje lapho ivezwa emoyeni.

I-Northern bluefin – i-Atlantic bluefin tuna, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-northern bluefin tuna, ivame ukutholakala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean futhi ithengiswa ngezinkulungwane kuya ngisho ezigidini zamaRandi emakethe yezinhlanzi yaseJapane.

Noma iyiphi engaphezu kuka-150 kg (330 lbs) ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-giant bluefin tuna. Le tuna isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izitsha ze-sushi e-Japan futhi cishe u-80% wayo yonke i-tuna yase-Atlantic bluefin ebanjiwe idliwa njengezitsha zezinhlanzi eziluhlaza.

I-Southern bluefin – iPacific bluefin tuna itholakala kabanzi eNyakatho neNingizimu Pacific Ocean futhi ingakhula ifike ku-3 m (9.8 ft) ubude kanye nesisindo esingu-450 kg (990 lb).

Njengomzala wayo i-Atlantic Bluefin tuna, u-80% wezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe nazo zidliwa njengezidlo zezinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe e-Japan, njenge-sushi nezibiliboco ze-sashimi.

Kubhekwa njengenhlanhla ngabaseJapane ukudla ukudla okwenziwa kutholakale phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zonyaka. Isibonelo esihle salokhu i-bluefin tuna, eyenza inhlanzi enkulu ye-sushi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-maguro マ グ ロ, tsuna ツ ナ, ne-shiichikin シ ー チ キ ン?

AmaJapane asebenzisa i-マグロ noma i-maguro uma ekhuluma ngazo zombili izinhlanzi ze-tuna ezintsha neziphekiwe.I-ツナ (tsuna) isuka esiNgisini futhi isetshenziselwa i-tuna ekheniwe ekheniwe, evulekile, kuyilapho i-shiichikin (シー チキン) isho "inkukhu yasolwandle" futhi empeleni igama lomkhiqizo we-tuna ekheniwe esetshenziswa IHagoromo Foods Corporation.

Maguro vs tuna bull

I-Maguro inyama ethambile evela emaceleni ezinhlanzi ze-tuna. Uma u-oda i-tuna sushi ngaphandle kokucela i-toro, khona-ke lokhu ukusika okutholayo. I-“Toro” ibhekisela ku-tuna enamafutha belly, ethathwe kuphela ku-bluefin tuna, futhi isezingeni eliphezulu futhi ibiza kakhulu.

I-Hamachi noma i-buri 鰤 (yellowtail)

Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-amberjack yaseJapane, nakuba lokho empeleni kuyi-Kanpachi; i-yellowtail (hamachi) inhlanzi efanelekile yokwenza i-sushi yabantu abangakaze bayizame i-sushi ngaphambilini.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhuma nehamachi?

I-Buri, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hamachi, iyinhlanzi ye-tuna ehlukaniswa ngobukhulu bayo nokuthi ikhuliswa kanjani. Ingcwaba elincane lasendle libizwa ngokuthi “wakashi” kanti eliphakathi lithi “inada” bese kuba “warasa” kuze kube “buri” selikhule ngokugcwele. Kodwa yonke i-yellowtail tuna efuywayo ibizwa ngokuthi “hamachi” eJapan.

Hamachi vs Maguro

I-Hamachi iyinhlanzi efudukayo yohlobo lwe-yellowtail (inhlanzi efana ne-tuna) engatholakala ogwini lwase-US nase-Japan. I-hamachi efuywa e-Japan ivamise ukuphakelwa kumabha e-sushi njengesidlo esihlukile kune-skipjack tuna noma i-“maguro”.

Ingabe i-hamachi iyafana ne-yellowtail?

I-Hamachi ivame ukudideka ne-amberjack yaseJapane, kodwa lezi zinhlanzi ezimbili azishintshani. I-Hamachi ngempela ibizwa nge-yellowtail, okungafanele kudidaniswe nenhlobonhlobo ye-amberjack ye-tuna, ebizwa nge-Kanpachi.

IHamachi vs Kanpachi tuna

I-Hamachi ne-Kanpachi kuvame ukwenza iphutha, kodwa eyokuqala yi-yellowtail tuna kanye ne-amberjack yokugcina. I-Kanpachi inamafutha amancane kune-hamachi, ngakho-ke iyalinywa futhi ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke i-sushi ye-yellowtail oyidlayo cishe izoba i-hamachi.

Yini uKanpachi sashimi?

I-Kanpachi iwuhlobo oluthambile lwe-yellowtail tuna, oluyenza ilungele i-sashimi. Ibukeka ifana ne-hamachi noma i-buri kodwa inombala okhanyayo, ocishe ukhanye, okwenza le nhlanzi ibe ncane futhi ibe mnene kunozakwabo.

Shake し ゃ け noma i-sake さ け (i-Salmon)

Uma ufuna ukudla inhlanzi eluhlaza, i-salmon iyinhlanzi enhle ye-sushi. Umbala wayo ojulile, ocebile kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kancane kuzokwenza noma iyiphi i-sushi buff ithandeke ngaso leso sikhathi. Iphinde inothe ngama-omega-3 fatty acids anempilo, alungele inhliziyo futhi ayenze ibe inhlanzi ye-sushi enempilo kunazo zonke.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-shake し ゃ け noma i-sake さ け?

Kunamagama angu-2 e-salmon ngesi-Japanese: さけ (sake) kanye ne-しゃけ (nyakazisa). Kubantu abaningi, awukho umehluko encazelweni phakathi kwamatemu angu-2, kodwa abanye abantu basebenzisa okuthi さけ (sake) uma bebhekisela ngokukhethekile kusalimoni ephilayo noma eluhlaza kanye nokuthi しゃけ (ukunyakazisa) ukuze babhekisele kusalimoni ephekiwe.

Qaphela: Izinhlobo zokudla kwasolwandle ezingezansi zidumile futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-sushi. Kodwa-ke, kulula kakhulu kubo ukuthi bangcoliswe ama-parasite. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi beziqandisiwe ngaphambi kokuba uzithenge futhi uzisebenzise ukwenza ukudla kwe-sushi ekhaya!

I-Saba 鯖 (Mackerel)

Le nhlanzi inephunga eliqinile kanye nokunambitheka okunamafutha, ngakho sebenzisa le nhlanzi kuphela esitsheni sakho se-sushi uma ukwazi ukuyiphatha. Inhlanzi ye-mackerel ivame ukuphulukiswa ngosawoti kanye noviniga amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba isetshenziselwe ukwenza i-sushi.

I-Hirame 鮃 (Halibut)

I-halibut noma i-“hirame” ngesi-Japanese inokunambitheka okunothe ngendlela emangalisayo abantu abayithandayo, ngisho noma bengakaze bayinambithe i-sushi ngaphambilini. Ingalungiswa ngezindlela ezimbili: 2) ngokuyibanda efrijini amahora amaningana noma ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokuba iphakwe, noma 1) ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-kobijume lapho inhlanzi ithoswa khona kuqala, yotshiswa ngaphandle, bese ifakwa eqhweni.

I-Tai 鯛 (Red Snapper)

Lokhu kuhle futhi kuma-novice sushi a-fish-ionados njengoba inyama yayo emhlophe ithambile futhi ine-flavour ethambile, elungele izindlela zokupheka ze-sushi. Ibuye idume kumabha we-sushi unyaka wonke.

I-Unagi ウ ナ ギ (Freshwater Eel)

Inhlanzi enamafutha ecebile ngovithamini B, i-unagi ivamise ukuyosiwa bese ixutshwa ngesoso yesoya uma ihanjiswa. Ayidliwa iluhlaza.

Hlola lokhu okuthunyelwe ngikubhalile nge-unagi nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ika 以下 (squid)

Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ingwane ayilungele ukusetshenziswa. Hhayi-ke, abapheki be-sushi eJapan bangacela ukwehluka! Uzomangala impilo yakho yonke uma uke wenza isampula ye-squid sushi.

Yini i-ika sashimi?

Ika sashimi ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi “squid sashimi”. Izingcezu ze-squid ezisikwe kahle ozidla ziluhlaza, njengoba ubungenza ngezinye izinhlobo ze-sashimi, njenge-tuna edumile noma i-salmon.

Yini i-ika somen?

I-Ika sōmen iwuhlobo lwesidlo sase-Japan esiqukethe ikakhulukazi imicu emincane ye-squid eluhlaza, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi “ama-squid noodle”. Ivamise ukukhonzwa nge-ginger egayiwe kanye ne-soy sauce noma mentuyu, okungamasoso womabili asetshenziswa eJapan ezitsheni ezifana ne-tempura.

Iyini i-yaki ika noma i-ikayaki?

I-Ikayaki iwukudla okusheshayo kwaseJapane okuthandwayo okusho ngokwezwi nezwi i-squid eyosiwe. Ingalungiswa njenge-squid yonke, izindandatho zomzimba, noma amatende angu-1 kuya kwangu-3, ​​kuye ngokuthi kukhulu kangakanani ukudla.

Ngokuvamile inikezwa nge-soy sauce.

I-Uni ウ ニ (Sea Urchin)

Lena enye yezindlela ezihlukile ze-tuna ehlala ijabulisa abathandi be-sushi, njengoba inokunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi okuhambisana kahle nayo. ujinja oqoshiwe, i-wasabi, nesoso yesoya.

I-Uni iyisithako esimnandi kakhulu, njengoba ungakwazi bona kokuthunyelwe kwami ​​ngakho lapha.

Ngabe izinhlanzi ze-sushi ziyelapheka?

Izinhlanzi ze-Sushi ne-sashimi ziluhlaza ngokuphelele futhi azelapheki. Izinhlanzi ezikhethekile zebanga le-sushi (eziqandiswe isikhathi eside ngokwanele phakathi kuka -20 C kanye -35 C ukuze zibulale izimuncagazi) zisetshenziswa kodwa ziseluhlaza. I-Sushi iqhamuke enhlanzini elashwe ngelayisi eligayiwe ukuze ihlale iyintsha, kodwa manje, isiyinhlanzi eluhlaza ephakelwa irayisi le-sushi eligayiwe.

Kungani kunzima ukulungisa ukudla okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngezinhlanzi

Abantu abagxeki kakhulu umpheki we-sushi ongaziwa endaweni yokudlela engahleliwe lapho bedla ngaphandle kunalapho othile elungisa i-ceviche ekhaya.

Inkinga abazi ukuthi izingozi zokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza ziyafana kakhulu endaweni yokudlela ye-sushi nasekhaya. Ungathola ubuthi bokudla kukho kokubili!

Abantu abanobudlelwane bokupheka zokupheka okumnandi ekhaya futhi abathanda ukupheka i-tartare, isibonelo, bangacabanga kabili ngokwenza okufanayo ngamabhasi anemigqa. Ingasaphathwa-ke eyokuthi ukutholakala kwezinhlanzi ezingahluziwe nakho kuyinkinga enkulu yezokuthutha.

E-United States, ukudla kwasolwandle okusha kunzima ukukuthola, futhi ngisho nalabo abahlala eduze nezindawo ezisogwini (lapho izinhlanzi ezinhle zitholakala khona kalula) bakuthola kunzima ukusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zintsha noma cha.

Akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi abantu bazoba nokuzethemba okuphansi kakhulu ekudleni izinhlanzi, ingasaphathwa eyenhlanzi eluhlaza.

Okokugcina, abantu bayadideka nakakhulu lapho bengakwazi ukuqonda amagama, okungabadukisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi.

Ungathola ezinye izingxenye ezimakethe zezinhlanzi lapho izinhlanzi ze-tuna noma ze-salmon zibhalwe ukuthi “sushi-” noma “sashimi-grade” futhi ikhona livalwe ngoba bamukela kuphela abathengisi bezinhlanzi / abathengisi abakhethekile bezinhlanzi.

Uma unenhlanhla, ungathola imakethe yenhlanzi enkulu ezophakamisa ukuthi uzame i-sushi- noma i-hamachi yebanga le-sashimi kanye ne-fluke yesidlo sakho esilandelayo se-sushi.

Kodwa noma ubani ojwayelene ne-sushi uyaqonda ukuthi ungaba nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zokwenza i-sushi noma i-sashimi.

Nakuba abathengisi bezinhlanzi bengahlosile bethi inhlanzi ye-sushi “iphephile ukuthi idliwe iluhlaza,” futhi abasikiseli nangephutha ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi ezingenalo lebula aziphephile uma zingadliwa ziluhlaza.

ISushi eJapane

EJapan, abantu bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi kudinga ikhono elikhulu ukwenza ama-sushi rolls, ngakho-ke abakwenzi ekhaya njengamabhulogi amaningi okudla angasikisela ukuthi ukwenze.

Izindawo zokudlela ze-sushi e-Japan ziningi kangangokuthi sezitholakala yonke indawo lapho. Futhi ukuze ucatshangelwe indima yompheki we-sushi, kufanele ube neziqu kwezobuciko bokupheka baseJapan, yingakho abapheki be-sushi eJapan behlonishwa kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, ngisho nalapho amaJapane efuna ukudla i-sushi ekhaya, awasoze ayilungiselela ewodwa. Kunalokho, bazoyi-oda endaweni yokudlela ye-sushi.

Ngokombono wezomnotho, akuphumelelanga ukuthenga izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-sushi (futhi ngenani elikhulu), ukuze uzidle zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa uma uzenzela i-sushi ngokwakho. Noma kungadingeka wenze iphathi enkulu kakhulu enezivakashi eziningi.

Kodwa uma umcimbi uvuma, kungaba mnandi kakhulu ukulungiselela i-sushi uwedwa, noma nabangani ekhaya nohlobo olu-1 noma olu-2 lwezinhlanzi ezintsha.

Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza umthengisi wezinhlanzi ukuthi ngabe inhlanzi isanda kubanjwa bese ukhanyisa iqhwa ngaphambi kokuyithenga bese uyisebenzisela i-sushi yakho eyenziwe ekhaya.

Njengoba leli gama lisho “inhlanzi ye-sushi-grade”, likhombisa ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi inhlanzi ephakwa iluhlaza ukwenza i-sushi. Ngakho-ke khuluma nomthengisi wezinhlanzi wangakini noma imakethe yezinhlanzi lapho u-oda izinhlanzi ze-sushi.

Izinhlanzi ezibanjelwe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile azingeni kunqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-flash freezing njengoba kwenzeka nge-tuna nezinye izinhlanzi ze-sushi-grade, ngakho zingaqukatha amagciwane. Akulungile ukusetshenziselwa amaresiphi okudla kwasolwandle okuluhlaza.

Izinhlanzi zasemanzini azilungele ukudliwa ziluhlaza, ngisho noma uzifake zibe yiqhwa.

Jabulela ukuzama izinhlanzi ze-sushi ezahlukene

Manje njengoba sewazi ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlanzi ze-sushi, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuzizama. Ngeke wazi ukuthi uzothola yini intandokazi entsha!

Futhi uma uzopheka i-sushi ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga inhlanzi ephephile ozoyidla.

Kufanele futhi uhlole okuthunyelwe kwami ​​kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele weSushi. Inakho konke ofuna ukukwazi mayelana ne-sushi yabaqalayo ukuthuthuka.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.