Yakiniku (焼き肉): Yazi Umlando Nezinhlobo

About the Author: Joost Nusselder, umbhali wencwadi yokupheka ye-Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 2, 2022

I-Yakiniku isitayela saseJapane sokupheka inyama, ngokuvamile inyama yenkomo, etafuleni. Kuyinto yokuzijabulisa lapho wonke umuntu epheka inyama yakhe nemifino ku- I-grill phakathi kwetafula. Igama elithi “Yakiniku” ekuqaleni lalibhekisela “kwi-barbecue” yokudla kwasentshonalanga.

Ake sibheke umlando, izithako, kanye nemikhuba yalesi sidlo esiyingqayizivele.

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

Ukuqonda i-Yakiniku: Umhlahlandlela we-BBQ yesitayela saseJapane

I-Yakiniku, okusho ukuthi “inyama eyosiwe” ngesiJapane, yavela eJapane phakathi nenkathi yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Kuthiwa kwaduma abokufika baseKorea abafika nesitayela sabo sokosa inyama eJapan. Namuhla, i-yakiniku isiphenduke ukudla okuyisisekelo Cuisine waseJapan futhi ijatshulelwa abantu emhlabeni wonke.

Yini i-Yakiniku?

I-Yakiniku isitayela sokupheka inyama, ngokuvamile inyama yenkomo, ku-grill noma i-BBQ. Inyama inqunywa ibe yizicucu ezincane noma ukusikeka okuncane futhi inikezwe eluhlaza, ishiyele kulowo odla ukudla ukuze ayipheke ezingeni elifunayo lokunikela. Izindawo zokudlela ze-Yakiniku zinikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokusikeka kwenyama, kuhlanganise ne-kalbi edumile (izimbambo ezimfushane), kanye nenyama egayiwe kanye nemifino.

Umuzwa we-Yakiniku

I-Yakiniku ingaphezu nje kokudla, iwukuzithokozisa komphakathi. Uma uya endaweni yokudlela ye-yakiniku, uzohlala etafuleni eline-grill phakathi nendawo. Uzonikezwa imenyu ozo-oda kuyo, futhi uzokhokha ucezu ngalunye lwenyama noma imifino oyi-oda. Indawo yokudlela izokunikeza izitsha kanye nenketho yamasoso ongawaxuba futhi uwafanise.

Indlela yokupheka i-Yakiniku

Ukupheka i-yakiniku kuncike kulokho okuthandayo, kodwa nanka amathiphu ukuze uqalise:

• Letha inyama ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokupheka.
• Sebenzisa i-grill ye-mesh ukuvimbela inyama ukuthi inganamatheli.
• Pheka inyama ibe yizicucu ezincane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ipheka ngokulinganayo.
• Zama ukusikeka okuhlukile kwenyama ukuze uthole ukukhetha kwakho okuhle.
• Ungesabi ukucela usizo kubasebenzi noma izincomo.

Yakiniku vs BBQ

I-Yakiniku ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Japanese BBQ, kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• I-Yakiniku ivamise ukuphekwa ngegesi noma nge-grill kagesi, kuyilapho i-BBQ ivame ukuphekwa ngokhuni noma ngamalahle.
• I-Yakiniku inikezwa iluhlaza futhi iphekwe etafuleni, kuyilapho i-BBQ ivame ukuphekwa kusengaphambili futhi inikezwe kushisa.
• I-Yakiniku ivamise ukufaka inyama nemifino egayiwe, kuyilapho i-BBQ igxile kakhulu enyameni ngokwayo.

Ingabe I-Yakiniku Ifanele Ukuyizama?

Nakanjani! I-Yakiniku inedumela lokumba eqolo, kodwa iyazifanele ngempela izindleko. Inyama isezingeni eliphezulu futhi isipiliyoni siyingqayizivele. Uma umusha ku-yakiniku, bheka izindawo zokudlela ezizinikele ze-yakiniku ukuze uthole ulwazi olugcwele. Ungakhohlwa ukuzama ilamula kanye namanye amasoso avame ukunikezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka kwenyama. Gxumela futhi uzame!

Umlando we-Yakiniku

I-Yakiniku, okusho ukuthi "inyama eyosiwe" ngesiJapane, isuka esitsheni saseKorea esibizwa ngokuthi i-bulgogi. Phakathi nenkathi yeMeiji, lapho iJapane ivula iminyango yayo emhlabeni, abafuduki baseKorea bethula lesi sitayela se-BBQ eJapane. I-Yakiniku yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-BBQ yaseKorea" noma "Chōsen Ryōri" (ukudla kwaseKorea) futhi yayivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokudlela endaweni yaseShinanomachi eTokyo.

Ukuzalwa Kwesiko Le-Yakiniku

Udumo lukaYakiniku lwaqhakaza ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II lapho imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwenyama yehliswa. I-Yakiniku yabhaliswa ngokomthetho ngoJanuwari 1948, futhi abantu baqala ukujabulela lolu hlobo lokudla ezindaweni zokudlela nasekhaya. Isitayela esiyisisekelo se-yakiniku sihilela izingcezu zenyama yenkomo noma yengulube, eyosiwe etafuleni. I-Yakiniku ivamise ukuhlinzekwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamasoso wokucwilisa kanye nama-toppings.

Theory of Yakiniku's Birth in Japan

Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi i-yakiniku empeleni yazalelwa eJapane hhayi eKorea. Ngokwalo mbono, i-yakiniku yagqugquzelwa izitsha ezigazingiwe ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga ezethulwa eJapane phakathi nenkathi yeMeiji. I-Yakiniku yahlongozwa njengendlela yokukhuthaza ukudliwa kwenyama yenkomo futhi yayiyingxenye yomkhankaso wombusi wokwethula ukudla kwesitayela saseNtshonalanga kubantu baseJapane.

Ukwamukelwa kwe-Yakiniku e-Korea

I-Yakiniku isiphinde yaba ukudla okuthandwayo eKorea, lapho ibizwa khona ngokuthi “bulgogi.” Isidlo sivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokudlela zaseKorea futhi kuvame ukuphakelwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezidlo zaseceleni. Nakuba abanye abantu baseKorea bethi i-yakiniku iyisidlo saseJapane, abanye bayakwamukela ukuthi iyisidlo saseKorea esiye saduma eJapane.

Ukusetshenziswa Okubanzi Kwe-Yakiniku Kumamenyu

I-Yakiniku isiphenduke isidlo esivamile e-Japanese cuisine futhi ivame ukutholakala kumamenyu ezindaweni zokudlela ezweni lonke. I-Yakiniku iphinde itholakale ezindaweni zokudlela zesi-Korean futhi iyisidlo esidumile eNyakatho naseNingizimu Korea. I-Yakiniku iye yadlulela nangale kwenyama yenkomo neyengulube futhi manje ingatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zenkukhu nezilwane zasolwandle.

Izinhlobo ze-Yakiniku

I-yakiniku yesitayela saseJapane iwuhlobo oludume kakhulu lwe-yakiniku. Yaqalwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Showa futhi yaduma ngabokufika baseKorea e-Osaka naseTokyo. Namuhla, ungathola izindawo zokudlela ze-yakiniku zesitayela sase-Japan emhlabeni wonke. Nawa amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nesitayela sase-Japani-yakiniku:

• Ngokungafani ne-Korean BBQ, i-yakiniku yesitayela saseJapane iphekwe ku-grill eshiswa ngamalahle noma igesi.
• Inyama esetshenziswa ku-yakiniku yesitayela sase-Japan ivamise ukugaxwa ngesosi esekwe isoso ngaphambi kokuba iyosiwe.
• I-yakiniku yohlobo lwase-Japanese ivamise ukuphakelwa ngezingcezu ezilingana nokuluma, okwenza kube lula ukuyidla ngezinti.
• Okunye ukusikeka okudumile kwenyama ye-yakiniku yesitayela saseJapan kufaka i-kalbi (izimbambo ezimfushane) nolimi.
• I-yakiniku yohlobo lwaseJapane ivame ukucwiliswa kusoso eyenziwe ngesosi yesoya, ulamula, nezinye izithako.

Offal Yakiniku

I-Offal yakiniku iwuhlobo lwe-yakiniku olusebenzisa izingxenye zesilwane ezivame ukulahlwa emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Nawa amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-offal yakiniku:

• I-Offal yakiniku idumile e-Japan futhi ivamise ukuhlinzekwa ezindaweni zokudlela ze-yakiniku.
• Okunye ukusikeka okudumile kwe-offal ye-yakiniku kufaka isibindi, inhliziyo, nesisu.
• I-offal yakiniku ivamise ukugaxwa kusoso eyenziwe nge-miso, isoso yesoya, nezinye izithako.
• I-Offal yakiniku ivamise ukuphekwa ngokushesha ku-grill futhi inikezwe kushisa.
• Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-yakiniku, i-yakiniku ye-offal ivame ukudliwa ngaphandle kokucwiliswa isoso.

Izithako Ezijwayelekile

Uma kuziwa ku-yakiniku, inyama iyona ekhanga kakhulu. Igama elithi “yakiniku” ekuqaleni lalibhekisela enyameni eyosiwe ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga, kodwa lalidume kakhulu eJapane futhi manje libhekisela esihlokweni esibanzi kakhulu senyama eyosiwe. Ezinye izinketho ezidumile zenyama ye-yakiniku zifaka:

• Izingcezu ezincane zenyama yenkomo, njenge-ribeye noma i-sirloin
• Izingcezu zesisu sengulube
• Izingcezu zenkukhu
• Amaphawundi
• Amakhowe we-Shitake

Ukudla Kwasolwandle: Isengezo Esimnandi

Nakuba inyama iyinkanyezi yombukiso, ukudla kwasolwandle nakho kungaba isengezo esihle edilini lakho le-yakiniku. Ezinye izinketho zokudla kwasolwandle okufanele uzicabangele zihlanganisa:

• Ama-oyster
• Inhlanzi emhlophe
• Squid

Imifino: Engeza Umbala Othile Nokuthungwa

Ukuze ulinganisele ngaphandle kwenyama nezilwane zasolwandle, kubalulekile ukwengeza imifino ekusakazweni kwakho kwe-yakiniku. Ezinye izinketho zemifino ezidumile zihlanganisa:

• U-anyanisi ophuzi nomhlophe
• Isitshalo seqanda
• Ugalonci
• Imifino yerempu yamahhala

Amasoso nama-Seasonings: Ama-Flavour Boosters

Ukuze unikeze i-yakiniku yakho leyo phunga elimnandi, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamasoso nezinongo ongazisebenzisa. Ezinye izinketho ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Isoso lososo
• I-Oyster sauce
• I-soy sauce elula futhi emnandi
• Ingcosana yembewu yesesame emhlophe

Amafutha Okupheka: Kugcine Kukhanya

Uma kuziwa emafutheni okupheka, kungcono ukuwagcina ekhanya. Uwoyela wemifino uyisinqumo esidumile, futhi uzodinga kuphela izipuni ezimbalwa ukuze uqalise.

Sengiphetha, i-yakiniku iyisitayela sase-Japan esiphundu senyama eyosiwe engenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ivumelane nezintandokazi zakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha inyama, ukudla kwasolwandle, noma imifino, kunezinketho eziningi ongakhetha kuzo. Ngakho shisa i-grill futhi ujabulele idili le-yakiniku!

I-toppings

I-Yakiniku toppings ingahluka kuye ngesifunda sase-Japan. Nawa amanye ama-toppings adumile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene:

• E-Osaka, bathanda ukungeza amashidi kagalikhi kanye ne-yam egayiwe ku-yakiniku yabo.
• E-Tokyo, bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-negi (u-anyanisi oluhlaza waseJapane) kanye namaqabunga e-shiso (i-perilla) njengento yokuhlobisa.
• E-Hokkaido, bavame ukusebenzisa ibhotela njengendlela yokuhlobisa i-yakiniku yabo.

Imisebenzi Yezithonjana Embonini Yakiniku

I-Toppings ayibalulekile kuphela ukunambitheka kwe-yakiniku, kodwa futhi inikeza amathuba emisebenzi embonini. Nayi eminye yemisebenzi ehlobene ne-toppings embonini ye-yakiniku:

• Abahlinzeki be-Topping: Bahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezindaweni zokudlela ze-yakiniku.
• Abaqambi abahamba phambili: Bakha ama-toppings amasha futhi ahlukile ukuze bahehe amakhasimende.
• Abapheki be-Topping: Basebenza ngokukhethekile ekudaleni nasekulungiseleleni ama-toppings ezitsha ze-yakiniku.

Ungayithola Kanjani I-Yakiniku Njengomuntu Wasendaweni

Uma kuziwa ku-yakiniku, indlela ekahle yokudla okomuntu wasendaweni iwuku-oda inqwaba yenyama nemifino enamanzi nenemibalabala. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuthi unga-oda kanjani nokukhetha inyama nemifino yakho:

• Hlola imenyu: Ngokuya ngendawo, izindawo zokudlela ze-yakiniku zinikeza amamenyu e-la carte noma amamenyu we-tabehoudai (yonke ongawadla). Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola imenyu ngaphambi koku-oda.
• Yazi ukusikeka kwakho: Inyama ye-Yakiniku ivamise ukuhlukaniswa izingcezu ezincane neziwugqinsi. Ama-cut cut apheka ngokushesha, kuyilapho ukusikeka okuminyene kuthatha isikhathi eside. Khetha ukusikeka okuthandayo.
• Zama izinto ezahlukene: I-Yakiniku imayelana nokuzama inyama nemifino ehlukene. Ungesabi ukuhlanganisa nokufanisa futhi uzame izinto ezintsha.
• Buza abasebenzi: Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yini ongayi-oda, cela izincomo kubasebenzi. Bayazi inyama nemifino engcono kakhulu abangayizama.
• Letha isifiso sakho sokudla: I-Yakiniku ingabiza kancane ngokuya ngendawo, kodwa iwufanele. Qiniseka ukuthi uletha isifiso sakho sokudla futhi uzame ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukukhetha Indawo yokudlela Ehamba Phambili Yakiniku

Ukuze udle njengendawo yasendaweni, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo yokudlela ehamba phambili ye-yakiniku. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele:

• Hlola inani lamamenyu: Ezinye izindawo zokudlela ze-yakiniku zinikeza izinhlobonhlobo zenyama nemifino, kuyilapho ezinye zinokukhethwa okulinganiselwe. Khetha evumelana nokuthanda kwakho.
• Hlola amanani: I-Yakiniku ingabiza, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amanani ngaphambi kokuya.
• Hlola isimo sezulu: Izindawo zokudlela ze-Yakiniku zingaba mnandi futhi zibe nomsindo noma zithule futhi zibe seduze. Khetha leyo ehambisana nemizwa yakho.
• Hlola ukubuyekezwa: Hlola ukubuyekezwa ku-inthanethi ukuze ubone ukuthi abanye abantu bathini mayelana nendawo yokudlela.
• Hlola inketho ye-tabehoudai: Uma uhamba neqembu elikhulu, hlola ukuthi indawo yokudlela inikeza inketho ye-tabehoudai. Lena indlela enhle yokuzama inyama nemifino ehlukene ngaphandle kokuphula ibhange.

Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungajabulela i-yakiniku njengendawo yasendaweni futhi ube nolwazi olukhumbulekayo kunoma iyiphi indawo yokudlela ye-yakiniku.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Yakiniku ne-Teriyaki

Uma kuziwa ekudleni kwaseJapane, izitsha ezimbili ezivame ukuqhathaniswa i-yakiniku ne-teriyaki. Nakuba zombili izitsha zihlanganisa inyama futhi zidumile ezindaweni zokudlela zaseJapane, kunomehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza umehluko phakathi kwe-yakiniku ne-teriyaki nokuthi yini eyenza isidlo ngasinye sihluke.

Umehluko Kwisitayela Sokupheka

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-yakiniku ne-teriyaki isitayela sokupheka. I-Yakiniku ihlanganisa ukosa inyama egayiwe kancanyana ku-tabletop grill, kuyilapho i-teriyaki ihilela ukupheka inyama epanini noma ku-grill bese wengeza isoso ye-teriyaki. I-Yakiniku iyindlela elula nesebenzisanayo yokupheka inyama, kuyilapho i-teriyaki inzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Umehluko Ohlotsheni Lwenyama

Omunye umehluko phakathi kwe-yakiniku ne-teriyaki uhlobo lwenyama oluvame ukusetshenziswa. I-Yakiniku ivame ukwenziwa ngenyama yenkomo noma yengulube, kuyilapho i-teriyaki ingenziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamaprotheni, okuhlanganisa inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, nenhlanzi. I-Yakiniku ivame ukujatshulelwa iluhlaza futhi icwiliswe kumasoso, kuyilapho i-teriyaki iphekwa bese isakazwa ngembewu yesesame.

Izindawo zokudlela ezinikezela ngazo zombili

Ngokusho kweWikipedia, ngoSepthemba 2021, kwavulwa indawo yokudlela entsha ye-ramen ebizwa ngokuthi uDan Yang Ramen eNew York City. Indawo yokudlela inikeza kokubili izitsha ze-yakiniku neze-teriyaki, futhi inani lezitsha ze-yakiniku lihlukile enanini lezitsha ze-teriyaki. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nangaphakathi kwendawo yokudlela eyodwa, kungaba khona umehluko ekudumeni phakathi kwe-yakiniku ne-teriyaki.

Sengiphetha, nakuba i-yakiniku ne-teriyaki kokubili kuyizitsha ezithandwayo e-Japanese cuisine, ziyahluka ngokuya ngesitayela sokupheka, uhlobo lwenyama, isoso, nokuthandwa. Noma ngabe ukhetha isitayela esisebenzisanayo nesilula se-yakiniku noma ukunambitheka okumnandi nokunethezeka kwe-teriyaki, zombili izitsha ziyizinketho ezinhle kunoma ubani othanda ukudla kwase-Japan.

Yakiniku vs Gyudon: A Comparison

I-Gyudon isidlo saseJapane esidumile esihlanganisa inyama yenkomo egaywe kancane evame ukuphakelwa phezu kwesitsha serayisi. Igama elithi "gyudon" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "isitsha senkomo" ngesiJapane futhi libizwa nangokuthi "inkomo yenkomo donburi". Inyama yenkomo ivamise ukulungiselelwa ngokuyibilisa kusoso wesoya omnandi kancane kanye nedashi broth, bese ibekwa phezu kwerayisi bese igcwaliswa ngo-anyanisi. I-Gyudon iwukudla okusheshayo nokulula ukukulungiselela futhi ivamise ukunikezwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezincane namaketanga okudla okusheshayo e-Japan.

Bahluke kanjani?

Nakuba zombili izitsha zihlanganisa inyama yenkomo, i-yakiniku ne-gyudon ihluke ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ukulungiselela: I-Gyudon ilungiswa ngokubilisa inyama yenkomo emhluzweni, kuyilapho i-yakiniku idinga ukosa inyama yenkomo.
• Ukusika: I-Gyudon idinga ukusika inyama yenkomo ibe izingxenye ezincane, kuyilapho i-yakiniku idinga ukusika inyama yenkomo ibe yizicucu ezilumayo.
• I-Toppings: I-Gyudon ifakwe u-anyanisi, kuyilapho i-yakiniku ijwayele ukuhlinzekwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamasoso wokucwilisa kanye nezinto zokugcoba.
• Izidingo Zokupheka: I-Gyudon ingalungiswa ngezidingo zokupheka ezilinganiselwe, kuyilapho i-yakiniku idinga i-grill ekhethekile noma i-griddle.
• Isikhathi: I-Gyudon iwukudla okusheshayo nokulula ukukulungisa, kuyilapho i-yakiniku ithatha isikhathi esengeziwe ukuyilungisa.
• Ukudla Okufanayo: I-Gyudon ifana nesidlo esibizwa ngokuthi “donburi”, kanti i-yakiniku ifana ne-barbecue.

Ungazitholaphi?

• I-Gyudon: I-Gyudon ivamise ukunikezwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezincane namaketanga okudla okusheshayo e-Japan. Ibuye idayiswe ezitolo ezinkulu njengokudla osekupakishwe.
• I-Yakiniku: I-Yakiniku ivamise ukunikezwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezikhethekile ezithengisa inyama eyosiwe. Ayitholakali kakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu.

Ekuphetheni, nakuba kokubili i-yakiniku ne-gyudon kuhilela inyama yenkomo, izitsha ezimbili ezihlukene ezinezici eziyingqayizivele. I-Gyudon iwukudla okusheshayo nokulula ukukulungisa, kuyilapho i-yakiniku idinga isikhathi esengeziwe nezidingo ezikhethekile zokupheka. I-Gyudon ivamise ukutholakala ezindaweni zokudlela ezincane namaketanga okudla okusheshayo, kuyilapho i-yakiniku ngokuvamile inikezwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezikhethekile ezithengisa inyama eyosiwe.

Isiphetho

I-Yakiniku iyi-BBQ yesitayela sase-Japan lapho upheka khona eyakho inyama. Kuyindlela enhle yokuxhumana nabangane nomndeni futhi ilungele imicimbi ekhethekile.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ipani lokugcoba ukuvimbela inyama ukuthi inganamatheli futhi uyipheke ibe yizicucu ezincane ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iphekwe ngokulinganayo. Jabulela!

Bheka incwadi yethu entsha yokupheka

Izindlela zokupheka zomndeni wakwa-Bitemybun ezinohlelo lokudla oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela weresiphi.

Yizame mahhala nge-Kindle Unlimited:

Funda mahhala

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli weBite My Bun ungumthengisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukuzama ukudla okusha ngokudla kwaseJapan enhliziyweni yothando lwakhe, futhi kanye nethimba lakhe ubelokhu enza izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngezindlela zokupheka namathiphu okupheka.