What is Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)? The Truth Behind This Controversial Ingredient

Author: Joost Nusselder, author of The Essential Japanese meal planner cookbook Updated August 18, 2022

What is MSG? It’s a chemical, umami flavor enhancement, and it’s in everything!

Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is a salt of glutamate, a naturally occurring amino acid. It’s a flavor enhancer that’s used in many foods. It’s also known as umami.

It’s found naturally in foods like cheese, tomatoes, and dairy, but MSG is also manufactured for use as a food additive. It’s used in many processed foods like chips, canned soups, frozen dinners, and in Asian cuisine.

Let’s look at what MSG is, how it’s used, and why it’s controversial.

Check out our new cookbook

Bitemybun's family recipes with complete meal planner and recipe guide.

Try it out for free with Kindle Unlimited:

Read for free

Unlocking the Mystery of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

MSG or monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer that is commonly used in Asian cuisine. It is a crystalline powder that is made by fermenting glutamic acid, an amino acid found in protein-rich foods like cheese, tomatoes, and dairy. MSG is known for its umami taste, which is the fifth basic taste after sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

How is MSG made?

MSG is made by fermenting glutamic acid, which is extracted from protein-rich foods like soybeans, wheat, and molasses. The fermentation process involves the use of bacteria that convert the glutamic acid into glutamate, which is then combined with sodium to form monosodium glutamate.

What are the benefits of using MSG?

MSG is a popular flavor enhancer because it brings out the natural flavors of food and makes them taste better. It is also a low-sodium alternative to salt, as it contains only one-third of the sodium found in table salt. Additionally, MSG is a source of free glutamate, which is an amino acid that is essential for the human body.

Is MSG safe to consume?

MSG has been the subject of controversy for many years, with some studies linking it to adverse health effects like headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. However, the FDA has classified MSG as safe for consumption, and many scientific studies have found no evidence to support the claims that MSG is harmful.

What are some common foods that contain MSG?

MSG is commonly used in Asian cuisine, but it can also be found in many processed foods like chips, canned soups, and frozen dinners. Some natural sources of MSG include tomatoes, cheese, and mushrooms. When combined with inosine and guanosine, two other amino acids found in protein-rich foods, MSG can enhance the umami taste of food even further.

MSG: Debunking the Myths and Misconceptions

There has been a lot of misinformation surrounding MSG, with many people believing that it is an unhealthy and dangerous additive. However, current research suggests that MSG is generally safe for most people to consume. Here are some key points to consider:

• MSG is recognized as safe by numerous regulatory bodies around the world, including the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority.
• While some people may be sensitive to MSG and experience negative effects like headaches or an upset stomach, this is relatively rare and only affects a small percentage of the population.
• The negative reputation of MSG is largely based on previous studies that were poorly designed or conducted using extremely high doses of the additive that are not typically present in foods.
• MSG is a naturally occurring compound that is found in many foods, including vegetables, meats, and dairy products. It is also commonly used as a flavor enhancer in processed foods and restaurant dishes.
• MSG is classified as a food additive and is often used as a substitute for salt to lower the sodium content of certain products.
• The presence of MSG in foods does not necessarily mean that they are unhealthy or highly processed. In fact, many popular and healthy foods like tomatoes, mushrooms, and Parmesan cheese naturally contain high levels of glutamate, the compound that gives MSG its umami flavor.
• MSG is an ingredient that can help improve the flavor of certain dishes, especially those that are low in fat or salt. It does not produce any negative effects on the body when consumed in normal amounts.

What are the Effects of MSG on the Body?

Contrary to popular belief, MSG does not cause any negative effects on the body when consumed in normal amounts. Here are some key points to consider:

• MSG is broken down by the body in the same way as other amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein.
• The sodium content of MSG is relatively low, with approximately 12% of its weight coming from sodium. This means that MSG is not a significant source of sodium in the diet.
• Some people may experience negative effects like headaches, sweating, or an upset stomach after consuming foods that contain MSG. However, this is typically only seen in people who are highly sensitive to the additive and is not a common occurrence.
• The presence of MSG in foods does not increase the risk of developing any specific health conditions or diseases.

How is MSG Present in Foods?

MSG is commonly used as a flavor enhancer in processed foods and restaurant dishes. Here are some key points to consider:

• MSG is often added to foods during the cooking process to improve their flavor and increase their umami taste.
• MSG is commonly found in certain types of foods, including soups, broths, gravies, and snack foods like chips and crackers.
• MSG can also be present in certain products like soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and salad dressings.
• While some people may be concerned about the presence of MSG in their foods, it is important to remember that it is a widely recognized and safe food additive that is used in small amounts to improve the flavor of certain dishes.

MSG: The Culinary Chameleon

While many people can consume MSG without any adverse effects, some individuals are sensitive to it. Studies have consistently shown that MSG can trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals, such as chest pain, facial flushing, and headaches. However, scientists have not been able to consistently replicate these findings, and many individuals report no adverse effects from consuming MSG.

Naturally occurring MSG

It is important to note that MSG is a naturally occurring component of many foods, such as tomatoes, mushrooms, and Parmesan cheese. These foods do not typically cause adverse reactions in sensitive individuals, as the amount of MSG is relatively low. It is only when MSG is added as a flavor enhancer that it can cause issues for some people.

In conclusion, MSG is a culinary chameleon that adds flavor to many common foods. While some individuals may be sensitive to it, studies have not been able to consistently replicate adverse effects. It is important to be aware of the foods that contain MSG and to listen to your body if you experience any adverse reactions.

Conclusion

So, there you have it, monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer commonly found in Asian cuisine. It’s just a chemical compound that’s made from glutamate, an amino acid found in many foods, so don’t be afraid to enjoy the taste! Just make sure you don’t overdo it.

Check out our new cookbook

Bitemybun's family recipes with complete meal planner and recipe guide.

Try it out for free with Kindle Unlimited:

Read for free

Joost Nusselder, the founder of Bite My Bun is a content marketer, dad and loves trying out new food with Japanese food at the heart of his passion, and together with his team he's been creating in-depth blog articles since 2016 to help loyal readers with recipes and cooking tips.