Mirin: vinyo wa mpunga yemwe amakweza mbale za ku Japan

Author: Joost Nusselder, wolemba buku la The Essential Japanese mealner cookbook Idasinthidwa July 8, 2022

Mirin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuphika ku Japan ndipo muyenera kudziwa.

Vinyo wa mpunga wamtundu uwu ndi wabwino kwambiri popanga glazes, sauces, marinades, ndi zovala chifukwa cha shuga wambiri komanso kukoma kwake. Makamaka kuphatikiza ndi mchere wa soya msuzi, mirin idzapangitsa mbale iliyonse kuwala.

Koma dziwani kuti sizinthu zonse zolembedwa kuti mirin ndizofanana. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mirin ndipo ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu woyenera pakuphika kwanu.

M'nkhaniyi, mupeza chifukwa chake mirin ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri muzakudya zaku Japan, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera komanso momwe angakwezere kuphika kwanu, ngakhale mutangoyamba kumene!

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Kodi mirin ndi chiyani?

Mirin ndi mtundu wa vinyo wa mpunga, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokometsera kapena msuzi, ndi kusasinthasintha kofanana ndi msuzi wa soya. Ndi chakudya chofunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zaku Japan.

Ndizofanana ndi chifukwa, koma zimakhala ndi mowa wochepera 14% ndi shuga wambiri. Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mirin ndi viniga wa mpunga, koma sizinthu zomwezo.

Mirin ndiyotsekemera kwambiri chifukwa imakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Shuga ndi kagayidwe kachabechabe kamene kamapangidwa mwachilengedwe kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu osati kuchokera ku shuga woyengedwa bwino.

Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimatsitsidwa mopitilira apo kapena zimasuluka kwathunthu ngati madziwo atenthedwa ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito mbale zanu.

Chifukwa chake zimakwaniritsa mbale zambiri ndikuthandiza kutulutsa kukoma kwa umami. Zimathandizanso kulinganiza mchere wa soya msuzi.

Ndiwofunika kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya glazes, marinades, ndi sauces. Monga marinade, zimapangitsa nyama kukhala yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo.

Popeza imakhala yofanana ndi madzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati glaze pazakudya monga msuzi wa teriyaki.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mirin

Mupeza kuti pali mitundu itatu ya mirin yophikira yomwe ilipo:

1. Yoyamba ndi hon mirin (yoyatsa mirin weniweni), yomwe imakhala ndi mowa.
2. Ndiye pali zokometsera za mirin (kapena aji mirin), zomwe si mirin weniweni chifukwa zimakhala ndi mowa koma zimapangidwa mwapadera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika.
3. Wachitatu ndi sake mirin, wotchedwanso mirin yothira.

Hon mirin (本 み り ん)

Mtundu wa mirin weniweniwo umakhala ndi mowa 14% ndipo ndi wokhawo womwe ulibe mchere.

Zimapangidwa ndikusakaniza:

• Mpunga wotentha
• Koji (mold)
• Shochu

Mumapeza mirin powotchera pamodzi kwa masiku 40 mpaka 60.

Ma enzymes a mu koji adzayamba kuphwanya sitachi ndi mapuloteni a mpunga, omwe amatulutsa amino ndi organic acid.

Hon mirin imatha kusungidwa m'malo ozizira kwa miyezi itatu, koma osayisunga mu furiji kapena shuga amatha kuyera.

Kupeza hon mirin weniweni sikophweka, makamaka kunja kwa Japan. Itha kukhalanso yokwera mtengo kwambiri (chifukwa chake).

Thovu zokometsera mirin

Zokometsera za fermented-mirin ndi mirin yeniyeni (yomwe ili ndi mowa) ngati hon mirin, koma mchere ndi zokometsera zina zawonjezeredwa kwa izo kuti zisamwe.

Izi zimachitika kuti zitha kugulitsidwa popanda kuwonjezera msonkho wa mowa waku Japan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo.

Mirin zokometsera

Chomaliza ndi chokometsera cha mirin, chomwe chimatchedwanso kuti aji-mirin, chomwe kwenikweni sichiri mirin konse.

Ndi njira yopanda mowa yomwe imakhala ndi zotsekemera (shuga kapena manyuchi a chimanga a fructose), mchere, ndi monosodium glutamate.

Idapangidwa ngati njira yotsika mtengo yopangira mirin yomwe imatha kugulitsidwa m'masitolo wamba.

Ngakhale mirin yoyera ndi opanda zoundanitsa, halal komanso wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse, aji mirin akhoza kukhala ndi zosakaniza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zakudya zomwezo.

Ndiye yang'anani bwino chizindikirocho!

Phunzirani zambiri za kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa aji mirin ndi hon mirin apa

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mirin kuphika

Hon-mirin ndi wokoma kwambiri kuposa shuga, ndipo mowa umathandiza kuti nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba zikhale zotsekemera kwambiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zakudya za ku Japan chifukwa amawapatsa kuwala kosangalatsa.

Mu mirin mulibe mowa wambiri, chifukwa chake zambiri zimasanduka nthunzi mukaphika nazo.

Komabe, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosaphika monga aemono (saladi zokongoletsedwa), choyamba wiritsani mowa wambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira.

Njirayi imadziwika kuti nikiri; chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito chifukwa.

Mukudabwa ngati mirin ndi vegan?

Kodi mirin idachokera kuti?

Mirin sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chophikira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, kumapeto kwa Edo Period (1603-1868).

Izi zisanachitike, mirin inkatchedwa hocho mirin, ndipo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka monga nsembe kwa milungu ndi pa miyambo yachipembedzo.

Sizinafike mpaka Nyengo ya Meiji (1868-1912) kuti mirin idagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ngati chophikira.

Panthawi imeneyo, msuzi wakuda wa soya wochokera kudera la Kanto unakhala wotchuka kwambiri kuposa msuzi wa soya wopepuka komanso wamchere wochokera kudera la Kansai.

Kuti apitilize kutsatira izi, opanga mirin m'chigawo cha Kansai adayamba kuwonjezera mowa ndi shuga ku mirin, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale ngati msuzi wa soya wochokera kudera la Kanto.

Mirin yatsopano komanso yabwinoko iyi idadziwika kuti hon mirin, kapena "mirin weniweni".

Msuzi wakuda wa soyawu adaphatikizidwa ndi mirin komanso sake, ndipo kenako shuga, kuti apange mtundu watsopano wa zakudya za Edo.

Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wotsekemera komanso zokometsera zimatchukabe lero.

Izi zikuphatikizapo eel kabayaki, mentsuyu (msuzi wakuda, wolemera kwambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Zakudyazi), teriyaki, ndi sukiyaki.

Komabe, mpaka nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, mirin inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa ophika kunyumba ambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito monga chophikira pophika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake.

Mirin adakhala wotsika mtengo kwambiri potsatira kuchepetsa msonkho panthawiyi.

Mirin adapita kumadera ena padziko lapansi m'ma 1970, pomwe kutchuka kwa zakudya zaku Japan kudayamba kukwera.

Mutha kuzigula m'misika yambiri yaku Asia ndi masitolo ogulitsa (apa ndi pomwe mungayang'ane pamashelefu).

Dziwani kusiyana kwake: mirin vs viniga wa mpunga vs vinyo wa mpunga vs sake

Ngakhale mirin ndi mtundu wa vinyo wa mpunga, sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi mitundu ina ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa za mpunga.

Pano pali chitsogozo chofulumira cha kusiyana pakati pa mirin, viniga wa mpunga, vinyo wa mpunga, ndi sake.

Mirin ndi vinyo wotsekemera, wotsekemera wa mpunga umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.

Ili ndi mowa wocheperako (pafupifupi 14%) koma imakhala ndi shuga wambiri ndipo sikutanthauza kuti iledzere yokha.

Viniga wa mpunga amapangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga wothira ndipo amakhala ndi kukoma kowawasa, acidic, kupanga izo zosiyana kwambiri ndi sweet mirin.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati condiment kapena pickling maphikidwe.

Vinyo wampunga amapangidwa ndi kuthira mpunga ndi madzi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mowa wambiri (pafupifupi 20%) ndipo imatha kuledzera yokha.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya vinyo wa mpunga, ndipo Mirin ndi mmodzi wa iwo.

Yambani ndi mtundu wa vinyo wa mpunga umene umapangidwa ndi kuthira mpunga ndi madzi. Ili ndi mowa wambiri (pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20%) ndipo imayenera kuledzera yokha.

Mungagule kuti mirin?

Kodi mungakonde kuti muyambe ndi zokometsera zaku Japan izi?

Inde, ndipo mungathe! Msuziwu ndi wosavuta kupeza m'misika yambiri ya ku Asia ndipo ngakhale masitolo ambiri amagulitsa pashelufu ndi soya ndi sosi wa teriyaki.

Ndimakonda kuyitanitsa zakudya zanga zaku Asia pa intaneti, komanso mirin yemwe ndimakonda ndi iyi:

(onani zithunzi zambiri)

Zakudya zotchuka zomwe zimayenda bwino ndi mirin

Ndiye popeza mukudziwa pang'ono za mirin, tiyeni tiwone zakudya zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chosakaniza chokomachi.

Teriyaki nkhuku

Chakudyachi chimapangidwa ndi kuwiritsa nkhuku mu msuzi wa soya, mirin, ndi shuga musanaphike. Chotsatira chake ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chokoma chomwe chili choyenera pa chakudya chapakati pa sabata.

tempura

Tempura ndi chakudya cha ku Japan cha nsomba zokazinga kapena ndiwo zamasamba. Chomeracho chimapangidwa ndi mazira, ufa, madzi, ndi mirin.

Sushi

Mirin nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpunga wa sushi kupatsa kukoma kokoma pang'ono. Imalimbananso ndi mchere wa msuzi wa soya ndikupatsanso kukoma kwa umami ku mbaleyo.

Miso msuzi

Msuzi wachikhalidwe waku Japan uwu umapangidwa ndi miso paste, madzi, ndi mirin.

Tonkatsu

Tonkatsu ndi nyama yankhumba yokazinga komanso yokazinga. Nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ndi msuzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku mirin, soya msuzi, ndi timadziti ta zipatso.

Monga mukuonera, mirin ndi chinthu chosunthika chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, mirin ndi yabwino muzakudya zopangidwa ndi tofu, mpunga, masamba, nsomba, ndi nsomba zina zam'nyanja.

Kaya mukuyang'ana chakudya chofulumira chapakati pa sabata kapena chakudya chachikhalidwe cha ku Japan, mirin ikuthandizani kuti muphike kwambiri.

Ibibazo

Nawa mafunso omwe anthu ambiri amafunsa okhudza mirin, ndiye ndiloleni ndifotokoze izi.

Kodi mungamwe mirin?

kwambiri Mirin sinapangidwe kuti azimwa. Cholinga chake ndikukonzekera zakudya.

Mavinyo ena ophikira amamwedwa, koma mirin yoyera ndiyovuta kubwera, ndipo mirin yogulitsa golosale yawonjezera shuga ndi zoteteza.

Kodi mirin ndi wathanzi?

Mirin ili ndi ma amino acid ndi ma antioxidants omwe amalimbikitsa thanzi labwino.

Lilinso ndi mowa wocheperako kuposa mavinyo ambiri, motero sizingabweretse zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo.

Kodi ndingalowe m'malo mwa mirin chiyani?

Ngati simungapeze mirin kapena simukufuna kuigwiritsa ntchito, pali zochepa zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Amalangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito sake ndi shuga concoction ngati m'malo.

Chinsinsicho nthawi zambiri chimafuna magawo atatu chifukwa cha shuga ndi gawo limodzi la shuga kuti mukwaniritse mgwirizano pakati pa kuthwa kwakuthwa komanso kutsekemera.

Mwinanso, mungayesere kulowetsa mirin ndi chisakanizo cha vinyo wosasa woyera wouma ndi shuga (pafupifupi theka la supuni ya shuga pa supuni ya viniga).

Munthawi yadzidzidzi, sherry youma kapena vinyo wotsekemera wa marsala angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo mwa mirin.

Pezani zambiri kudzoza ndi mndandanda wathunthu wazolowa m'malo mwa mirin apa

Kodi ndingathe kumwa mirin pa nthawi ya mimba?

Ngakhale kuti mowa nthawi zambiri siwoyenera kwa amayi apakati, kukhala ndi mirin pa chakudya chophika kumakhala bwino chifukwa mowa udzakhala wochepa.

Onetsetsani kuti muwonjezere mirin kumayambiriro kwa kuphika, kotero kuti mowa umakhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka.

Kodi mirin amachita chiyani nyama?

Sikuti mirin imapangitsa nyama kukhala yolimba, komanso imalepheretsa kuti mapuloteni asaphwanyike panthawi yophika. Monga bonasi yowonjezera, imapangitsa kuti nyama ikhale yowoneka bwino.

Choncho, pamene mukuphika nyama yamtundu uliwonse yomwe imafuna kuphikidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, kuwonjezera mlingo woyenera wa mirin kumathandiza kusunga umphumphu wa mbale yanu ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kuyang'ana.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani mu mowa pamene mukuphika?

Mirin yokhazikika imakhala ndi mowa wa 1% mpaka 20%, max. Zonse zimatengera mtundu, koma nthawi zambiri, mirin yambiri imakhala ndi mowa wa 10% mpaka 14%.

Popeza iyi ndi yotsika, imawotcha msanga mukamaphika. Komabe, imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yoperekera chakudyacho.

Mfundo yofunika

Mirin ndi mtundu wa vinyo wa mpunga womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Ili ndi mowa wocheperako komanso shuga wambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya vinyo wa mpunga.

Ndikophikira kosiyanasiyana ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zambiri za ku Japan, monga sushi, tempura, ndi supu.

Ndikunena izi, mirin ndi nyenyezi pakuphika kwanu yomwe ingapindule zokometsera za iwo omwe amalawa!

Kodi mwakonzeka kudya zakudya zaku Japan? Tengani botolo la mirin pobwerera kunyumba ndikuphika mbale yabwino kwambiri!

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Joost Nusselder, yemwe anayambitsa Bite My Bun ndi wotsatsa, bambo ndipo amakonda kuyesa chakudya chatsopano ndi zakudya zaku Japan pamtima pa chilakolako chake, ndipo limodzi ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zakuya za blog kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maphikidwe ndi nsonga zophika.